Evaluation of entomopathogenic nematodes for the management of white grub, Leucopholis lepidophora Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (original) (raw)
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Crop Protection, 2017
The white grub Leucopholis lepidophora Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is a serious pest of arecanut and other commercial crops in India. The development of an environmentally-friendly control method for this pest is urgently needed. The efficacy of two species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), namely Steinernema abbasi Elawad and Heterorhabditis indica Poinar (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) was evaluated against this pest in the laboratory and in arecanut fields. In the laboratory assays, H. indica caused significantly higher mortality rates (37.5e93.8%) than S. abbasi (22.5 e75.0%) in second instar L. lepidophora larvae. Heterorhabditis indica caused 20.0e77.5% mortality and S. abbasi 12.5e65.0% mortality in third instar larvae. Significant differences were observed in LC 50 and LC 90 values of the nematode species against different life stages of L. lepidophora. Both nematode species and a standard insecticide (chlorpyrifos) were tested against this insect in two field experiments. Grubs were mainly in the second instar stage and third instar stage. Both laboratory and field experimental results indicated that second instar grubs were more susceptible to the nematode species tested than third instar grubs and that the efficacy of EPNs against L. lepidophora larvae varies with nematode species. In both the field experiments, H. indica (3.5 Â 10 5 IJ palm À1) showed a significantly higher percentage mortality rate of the white grub larvae compared to that of S. abbasi and chlorpyrifos treatments. Chlorpyrifos application, however, was more effective in reducing the grub population compared to S. abbasi (1.7 Â 10 5 IJ palm À1). Our results show that H. indica has good potential as an alternative management tool for the management of L. lepidophora in areacnut production.
International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research
The bioefficacy study of new native species of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema dharanaii (TFRIEPN-15) against root grubs Holotrichia rustica infecting Tectona grandis crop of forest nurseries of central India was taken up under controlled laboratory conditions. The grub of H. rustica when exposed to range of Infective Juveniles (IJs) numbers dose dependant relationship by 10-15-and 25-30-days old grubs. The younger grubs were more susceptible as compared to older ones. Minimum number of IJs, i.e. 300 Grub-1 causes 13.33% mortality in younger 6 days after the exposure, followed by 46.66% at the IJs population of 600 IJs Grub-1 mortality in older grubs at population of 600 IJs Grub-1 causes 26.66% mortality. IJs population of 900 to 3000 caused mortality ranging from 73.33 to 93.33% in younger grubs at par with each other (P>0.05). IJ population of above 6000 IJs caused 100.0% mortality in younger grub which was significantly superior (P<0.05). The older grub also exhibited similar trends, however maximum of 93.33% mortality at the highest IJ population. These experiments have proved that indigenous species of entomopathogenic nematodes can be used successfully control white grubs and other soil insect pests with eco-friendly and effective management techniques achieving cent-percent mortality of the target insect pests.
Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 2022
Background India is the world's leading producer of coconuts. Many biotic and abiotic constrains limit global palm yield and among the biotic factors, the coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is the major problem in India. The adult beetle attacks the unopened leaves and inflorescences, resulting in a yield loss of more than 10%. O. rhinoceros grubs and adults have different feeding habits as the adults feed on plant tissues, whereas the grubs primarily feed on rotting organic matter. Non-feeding stage, i.e. the larval stage, which is cryptic in nature and spends nearly 90–160 days in the breeding site, is amenable to any control measures so as to reduce the population of actual damaging adult stage. However, indiscriminate use of chemical insecticides has created a lot of environmental and regulatory issues, thus warranting an ecologically safe and environmental friendly alternative option. Hence, indigenous entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) strains, viz. Heterorhabditis indica (CPCRI-Hi1), Steinernema abbasi (CPCRI-Sa1), and S. carpocapsae (CPCRI-Sc1), virulence and reproductive capacity were evaluated against second instar larvae of O. rhinoceros . Results Oryctes rhinoceros larval susceptibility to EPN significantly varied with the treatment dose and period of exposure. The highest larval mortality was observed with S. carpocapsae (100%), and S. abbasi (92%) at 10 days post treatment, whereas H. indica strain induced 72% mortality. At 72 h of incubation, the LC 50 values of Sc1, Sa1 and Hi1 strains were 1078, 1663 and 9780 IJs larva ⁻¹ , respectively. With different concentration of EPN tested, the production of infective juveniles (IJs) inside the cadavers for Sc1, Sa1 and Hi1 varied between 3223–10,365; 4722–96,572 and 3483–85,453 larvae ⁻¹ , respectively. Conclusion Based on the virulence, reproductive capacity, searching ability and LC 50 values, it is suggested that strain Sc1 have great potential as a biocontrol agent for the Oryctes management in coconut palms under humid tropical ecosystem. Present study found the effective native strain against O. rhinoceros , and its field efficacy should be tested further to include the EPNs in the integrated pest management program in coconut.
2018
The Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is a globally obnoxious insect pest of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Different concentrations of Beauveria bassiana and single concentration of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and their combination was applied on 2, 4 and 6 grub instars. The data of mycosis, sporulation, number of nematode produced, number of grubs infected and grub mortality was observed after 7, 14 and 21 days of treatment and data analyzed by probit analysis. In combination (Bb2+Hb) 100% and 95.03% mortality of 4 and 6 instar after 21 days. Maximum sporulation was recorded 190.00% in 2nd instar grubs when Bb1 applied alone, while least sporulation was 128.05% observed in adult stage when Bb2+Hb was used in 6 instar. Maximum larvae affected by nematodes are 75.92% in 2nd instar grubs when Hb applied alone, while least was number of Larva 32.61% recorded in adult stage when Bb2+Hb was used in 6th instar.
Insects, 2022
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a severe pest of palm trees worldwide. The development and feeding activities of R. ferrugineus larvae inside the trunk damage palm trees. However, the absence of noticeable infestation signs at an early stage contributes to the spread of the attack. Integrated pest management (IPM) has been introduced to control R. ferrugineus infestation by implementing various approaches and techniques. The application of chemical pesticides has shown impressive results. However, biological control should be applied as an alternative solution due to adverse environmental impacts and pest resistance issues. One example is the use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) as biological control agents, which can forage and attack targeted pests without compromising the environment and other nontarget organisms. EPNs and their symbiotic bacteria have a mutualistic interaction that can kill the host within a short period of time. Therefore,...
BioControl
The control of white grub (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) pests of sugarcane and forest plantations is difficult due to their cryptic nature and resistance to chemicals. This study evaluated the potential use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) as an alternative control method. Laboratory bioassays were performed with 12 locally isolated EPN species to determine the susceptibility of third instar larvae of the white grubs Schizonycha affinis Boheman, Pegylis sommeri Burmeister, Monochelus sp. and Maladera sp. 4. Concentration trials to determine lethal dosages for three of the white grub species were performed using Heterorhabditis zealandica Poinar MJ2C. Bioassays were performed to determine whether nematodes could develop inside the cadavers of S. affinis and P. sommeri as these had shown the lowest susceptibility to EPNs. The mortality percentage of the white grubs, although varying significantly, was found to be low for most of the EPN species, except H. zealandica. The highest perc...
2009
The efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis indica against different developmental stages of Brahmina coriacea Hope (Coleoptera: Scarabidae) were evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. In laboratory studies, significant mortality by S. carpocapsae (68-93%) and H. indica (39-71%) after 7 days of treatment was observed at three dosages viz.; 500, 1000 and 2000 infective juveniles (ij)/100g soil. In field (Fagu and Shimla), all the three dosages of S. carpocapsae and H. indica (1, 3 and 6×10 5 ij/ m 2) were effective in reducing the grub population, percent plant damage as well as percent tuber damage. Percent reduction in grub population was 66-80% due to H. indica and more then 83% due to S. carpocapsae at Fagu. There was more than 60 and 50% reduction in grub population due to S. carpocapsae and H. indica treatment in 2007 and more than 80% in 2008 at Shimla in plots treated with both the EPN spp. at normal harvesting time. The least number of grubs and damaged tuber were recorded in case of treatment with S. carpocapsae @ 6×10 5 ij/m 2 during both the years at Fagu as well as Shimla.
2017
In this investigation the effectiveness of EPNs (entomopathogenic nematode species) including Steinernema carpocapsae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema feltiae on the Rhynchophorus ferrugineus larvae and adults were scrutinized. While during bioassays, plastic boxes of 9x5x5 cm size were used. Whatman filter paper was retained at the base of each culture box and 3, 6 and 10 instar larvae ofred palm weevil (RPW) (R. ferrugineus) were placed. EPNs were inoculated to weevil larvae of mentioned in stars and also to the adults at the concentration level of the 100 IJs/larva+adult and then incubated at temperature of 25°C. Later the EPNs inoculation, larval instars and adults were tested after 12 hours of time length and their mortality were noted. This investigation was terminated at the end of 8 th day and consequences were assessed. All of the mentioned EPNs applied in this experiment resulted variant mortality on each larval instar and adult stage of red palm weevil. The ...
Environment Conservation Journal
The present study on pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes against Spodoptera litura in laboratory conditions was undertaken during 2020-21, with the aim to ascertain the effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes, against an obnoxious cosmopolitan pest S. litura. Experiments were conducted by using entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) isolate Heterorhabditis indica (CICR-Guava), on filter paper, against Galleria mellonella and S. litura at the treatment dose of 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 and 100 IJs/100µl along with control (Sterile distilled water). The results of our study revealed that, EPN isolate H. indica (CICR-Guava) caused 100% mortality at the treatment dose of 40 IJs/100µl within 72 h of infection in 5th instar larvae of G. mellonella and in case of S. litura, 100% mortality was recorded within 72 h of infection at the treatment dose of 100 IJs/100µl in 3rd instar larvae, which was found more susceptible. The median lethal concentration of H. indica (CICR-Guava) for 5th ins...
Plant Science Today
The present investigation mainly emphasized on the development and use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) as a bio-insecticide. The success in controlling insect pests in the soil environments increased the production and use of the adapted indigenous EPNs species for insect management in the fields. EPNs as biocontrol agents were capable for high virulence, easy for application, safe for non-target animals and eco-friendly in nature. These nematodes have ubiquitous nature. These occur in low population in their natural habitat which was mass multiplied in the laboratory. In the present investigation, 5 concentrations (30IJs, 60IJs, 90IJs, 120IJs and 150IJs) of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strain S15 were applied against the 3rd and 4th instar larvae of four major agricultural insect pests, namely Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura, Agrotis segetum and Mythimna separata under laboratory conditions at different time exposure (24, 48, 72 and 96 hr). It was observed that the 3r...