Effects of Anesthetic Substances on Some Antioxidan Enzyme Activities of Trouts (original) (raw)
Related papers
Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 2017
The effects of three anesthetics, clove oil (CO) (30 mgl-1), 2-phenoxy ethanol (2-PE) (0.3 mlL-1), and MS-222 (100 mgl-1) were examined on blood enzymes including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, glucose, and cortisol levels in the Caspian brown trout. Blood parameters were evaluated in the control (no anesthetics), and three other treatments 10 min and 24 h after the end of anesthesia. Significant increases were seen in blood albumin, ALT, AST, glucose, and cortisol levels in the treatment 24 h following anesthesia by MS-222 compared to the control (p <0.05). Significant increase in blood glucose was also observed in the treatment 10 min after anesthesia with CO.
Comparative antioxidant enzyme study in freshwater fish with different types of feeding behaviour
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Comparative Pharmacology, 1985
Comparative studies were made of the activities of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, Mnsuperoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in organ homogenates from two herbivorous (grass carp and silver carp) and three omnivorous fish (barbel, crucian carp and common carp). 2. The protein contents and lipid peroxidation of the organ homogenates were also compared. These comparative measurements provided control values for subsequent toxicological examinations. 3. For the herbivorous fish, the highest total superoxide dismutase activity was observed in the kidney, followed in turn by the liver or spleen. In contrast, the highest total superoxide dismutase activity in the barbel was found in the roe, in the crucian carp in the liver, and in the common carp in the liver too. 4. The quantitative distributions of the two peroxide metabolism enzymes glutathione peroxidase and catalase in the organ homogenates present very varied pictures. 5. The results of the lipid peroxidation are similarly difficult to fit into one framework, even for fish following the same diet. It appears that the enzyme activities mentioned in points 4 and 5, together with the lipid peroxidation, depend not on the species, but on the variety.
Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 2013
In this study, anesthetic effects of five different concentrations of 2-phenoxyethanol (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 ml/L) and clove oil (0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50 ml/L) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were studied at temperatures 7, 13 and 18oC. For this purpose, 900 fish (39.08 ± 1.13 g and 15.48 ± 0.21 cm) were used in the experiment. Induction time of 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil varied between 1.05 and 3.36 min at all concentrations, except for 0.2 ml/L (for 2-phenoxyethanol only) and at every temperature application. Full recovery time occurred between 2.44 and 7.14 min for 2-phenoxyethanol and 3.23 – 6.11 min for clove oil. It was found that full recovery times significantly increased with increase in 2phenoxyethanol concentrations (r 2 =0.81). The same increasing trend was observed in clove oil, but the increase was not strong compared to 2-phenoxyethanol (r 2 =0.21). On the other hand, full induction times of 2-Phenoxyethanol and clove oil significantly decline...
Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery, 2019
This study was undertaken to evaluate the acute toxicity and sub-acute paracetamol toxicity-induced nuclear aberration, antioxidative stress enzyme activities such as CAT, SOD, LPO, GPX of Clarias gariepinus. Three hundred (300) juveniles with average weight of 50.96±1.3g were procured from a reputable fish farm in Enugu to the Fisheries Research Laboratory (latitude 6.4659 o N and longitude 7.5762 0 E). 180 juveniles were exposed to acute concentrations of 5000, 5500, 6000, 6500, 7000mgL-1 and control in triplicate replication while remaining 120 fish in similar replication were exposed to 620, 1240, 3100 mgL-1 corresponding to 1/10, 1/5 and ½ 96hour LC50 = 6200 mgL-1 , y = 14.23x-48.96, R² = 0.963, safety dose 1/100 LC50 = 62 mgL-1. Blood samples were collected from the caudal vein on day 2, 4, and 8 for erythrocyte-oxidative enzyme activities. Data was subjected to one way analysis of variance to determine the significant differences between treatments and control at p<0.05 using computer software SPSS version 20 and was expressed as means plus standard error of means. The exposed fish showed behavioral changes (erratic movement, air gulping, nervous manifestation and imbalance) before death. CAT reduced significantly below the control value of 0.83 to the least value of 0.57 µmol mm-1 mg protein-1 among the highest group exposed to 3100 mg/L. Similarly, SOD activity in exposed group of fish varied significantly from the control and ranged from the highest control value of 12.31 to the least value of 8.27 U mol mm-1 mg protein-1 among fish to the highest concentration of the drug. GPX ranged from 9 to 4.65 µmol mm-1 mg protein-1 among group of fish in the control to 3100mg/L of the drug. On the other hand, LPO increased significantly (p<0.05) from the control value of 6.83 to 8 mMole/TBARS/mg protein among group of fish to 3100 mg/L of the drug indicative of a dose dependent elevation of micronuclei The use of genotoxic potential and oxidative stress modulation by fish in inland water bodies can be a useful diagnostic tool to measure the health alterations in C. gariepinus which may serve as early warning indicators of pollution.
2021
The recent trend for rainbow trout diets to be higher in lipid content may increase the lipid concentration in fish and lipid peroxidation, which could lead to oxidative stress and affect fish health. In the present work, an evaluation of the possible effects of different fish diets on antioxidant enzyme levels was carried out on two aquaculture groups of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The fish from one group were fed a diet containing 5% more crude lipids, than the diet used for the other group. The objective was to determine the effects of different concentrations of dietary lipid on the antioxidant defense enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the liver and muscle of rainbow trout. All enzymes showed an increasing trend in fish fed with a diet containing more lipids. GST was observed to be the most sensitive antioxidant enzyme, followed by SOD and GPx, and finally by CAT and GR. These results provided data indicating the prooxidative effects of higher dietary lipid levels and suggested that dietary lipid plays an important role in determining fish susceptibility to oxidative stress.
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2013
The anesthetic activities of the essential oils (EOs) of Hesperozygis ringens (EOHR) and Lippia alba (EOLA) and their effects in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after anesthesia and recovery were investigated. Fish (32.19 ± 1.24 g) were submitted to one of the following treatments for each EO: basal group, control, or anesthesia (150, 300, or 450 lL L -1 EO). After that the anesthesia was induced or simulated and the biometric measurements were completed, fish were transferred to anesthetic-free aquaria to allow for recovery. Fish were sampled at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 240 min after recovery. At time 0 of recovery, the ventilatory rate was lower in the groups anesthetized with either EO. In comparison with the basal group, control fish showed an increase in plasma glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and Na ? levels and a reduction in Na ? /K ? -ATPase activity at 0 min of recovery. Plasma levels of ammonia and Na ? were lower in the fish anesthetized with EOLA (450 lL L -1 ) and EOHR (all concentrations), respectively, than in the control fish. Additionally, lactate, AST, alanine aminotransferase, K ? plasma levels, and gill Na ? /K ? -ATPase and H ? -ATPase activities were higher in the fish anesthetized with either EOHR or EOLA than in the control fish. The EOs promoted slight changes in silver catfish that enabled both an adaptive response and the recovery of most of the measured parameters after 240 min regardless of concentration or EO that was used. These findings support the use of EOHR and EOLA as anesthetics for fish.
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2017
The viability using Lippia alba essential oil as an anesthetic for fish was studied, particularly with respect to physiological effects during recovery. Anesthesia of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) using 100 and 300 μL L −1 of two different chemotypes of L. alba essential oil (citral EO-C and linalool EO-L) prevented the increase of plasma cortisol levels caused by handling, but did not avoid alterations in energetic metabolism. Silver catfish did not have increased the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species in the kidney and liver during recovery after anesthesia with either EO, avoiding lipid damage. On the other hand, fish anesthetized with EO-C showed higher protein carbonylation levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase activities and non-protein thiol group levels in both tissues compared to controls. Our results suggest that both oils show antioxidant capacity, but anesthesia with EO-L does not cause damage to lipids or proteins, only temporary changes, typical of physiological adjustments during recovery from anesthesia. Therefore, EO-L is an effective anesthetic for silver catfish with fewer side effects than EO-C.
Influence of 1-phenoxy-2-propanol on blood profile of common carp
1-phenoxy-2-propanol is a common and effective anaesthetic for aquatic organisms such as bivalves and pulmonates. However, there are no data regarding its influence on fish organisms. In the present study the anaesthetic efficacy of 1-phenoxy-2-propanol and its influence on biochemical and haematological blood indices of juvenile common carp were studied. For blood profile test, fish were divided into four groups (n = 10). The haematological and blood biochemical profiles of common carp were evaluated 10 min and 24 h after anaesthesia with 1-phenoxy-2-propanol (400 mg·dm-3) and compared to non-anaesthetized control groups. Significant changes (P < 0.05) in red blood cell indices and in white blood cell count were found as well. Increased concentrations of glucose, ammonia and inorganic phosphates indicate that stress reaction occurred. No changes in total protein, globulin, triacylglycerols, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and calcium were found. Although exposure to 1-phenoxy-2-propanol caused a moderate, temporary stress response in examined fish, we can state that 1-phenoxy-2-propanol can be used as an effective anaesthetic for common carp.
Aquaculture Research
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of anaesthesia with citronellal and linalool on stress, antioxidant and hydromineral responses of common carp. Eugenol was used as control anaesthetic, as it is a common anaesthetic in aquaculture. The fish (110 ± 5.65 g) were exposed to 406 mg/L citronellal, 982 mg/L linalool or 43 mg/L eugenol within 5 min (short-term anaesthesia) or 10 and 20 mg/L of each anaesthetic for 3 hr (long-term exposure), before blood sampling. The results showed that the short-term anaesthesia had no significant effects on plasma lactate, sodium, chloride and phosphorus levels and blood catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase activities. The short-term anaesthesia with linalool led to higher stress responses (increased cortisol and glucose levels) and oxidative stress (increased malondialdehyde [MDA] level and decreased total antioxidant capacity [TAC] and glutathione peroxidase [GPx] activity) compared to the eugenol and citronellal. Citronellal group had significantly higher cortisol and lower TAC level and GPx activity compared to eugenol group. Under the long-term exposure, increase in anaesthetic concentration led to significant increase in plasma cortisol, glucose and phosphorus levels. The linalooltreated fish had significantly higher cortisol and MDA levels compared to the other groups. The eugenol group had significantly higher lactate and phosphorus and lower TAC levels compared to the other groups. Although citronellal causes slight increase in plasma cortisol level, it induces lower tissue damages compared to eugenol. Thus, citronellal might be an alternative anaesthetic for carp anaesthesia based on the present tested parameters.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 2017
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) subjected to three consecutive, alternating treatments with emamectin benzoate (EMB) and deltamethrin (DM) during outbreaks of Caligus rogercresseyi in a farm located in southern Chile (Hornopiren, Chiloé), were studied to determine the effects of these treatments on the protein and enzymatic activity levels of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A), flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in different tissues. Consecutive and alternating EMB/DM treatments resulted in a 10-fold increase and 3-fold decrease of CYP1A protein levels in the intestine and gills, respectively. Notably, CYP1A activity levels decreased in most of the analyzed tissues. FMO protein and activity levels markedly increased in the kidney and the intestine. GST was up-regulated in all tissues, either as protein or enzyme activity. When comparing consecutive EMB/DM treatments against previous studies of EMB treatment alone, CYP1A activity levels were similarly diminished, except in muscle. Likewise, FMO activity levels were increased in most of the analyzed tissues, particularly in the muscle, kidney, and intestine. The increases observed for GST were essentially unchanged between consecutive EMB/DM and EMB only treatments. These results indicate that consecutive EMB/DM treatments in rainbow trout induce the expression and activity of FMO and GST enzymes and decrease CYP1A activity. These altered activities of detoxification enzymes could generate imbalances in metabolic processes, synthesis, degradation of hormones and complications associated with drug interactions. It is especially important when analyzing possible effects of consecutive antiparasitic treatments on withholding periods and salmon farming yields.