Assessment of Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) as Bio-Accumulator of Contaminants in Domestic Wastewater of Makera and Chanchaga Drains (original) (raw)
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Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solm: A biotic resource for waste water treatment
The present study was conducted on effectiveness of E. crasssipes (water hyacinth) on physico- chemical parameters along with heavy metal removal from the waste water bodies present naturally in the trans-Yamuna regions of Allahabad, India during two seasons i.e., winter (November to February, 2011) and rainy (July to October, 2012). Results reveals that water hyacinth can be biotic resource which are useful in waste water treatment by altering the physico-chemical environment(DO increases with decrease in BOD and COD) of the water along with the reduction in the concentration of toxic heavy metals(Fe2+,Zn2+ and Cr6+)showing its highest pollution reducing capacity.The water hyacinth hold promise as a natural water purification system, which could be established at a fraction of the cost of a conventional wastewater treatment facility.
2012
Small and medium scale industries in Nigeria play a major role in polluting water bodies, and key among these pollutants are suspended solids, biological oxygen demand and heavy metals contamination. Conventional methods of treatment, such as chemical precipitation, do not provide sustainable solutions as the pollutants are merely transferred from the waste water to a sludge residue which is disposed of by land-filling. The pollutants eventually find their way to freshwater supplies thereby contaminating it. Water hyacinth is a noxious weed that has a rapid growth rate and easily congests the water ways in Lagos, a coastal city in Nigeria, thereby creating serious problems in navigation, and irrigation. This can be harvested, and in line with the golden rules of sustainable development, used for the sustainable treatment of some industrial wastewaters. This work investigates the effectiveness of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment. After a 5-week simple experiment, in which water...
The International Journal of Engineering and Science, 2013
Sewage treatment is posing serious techno-economic problems in cities, particularly in underdeveloped countries. A new technology, sewage purification by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), is a feasible solution. This paper studied the suitability and efficacy of water hyacinth in domestic sewage treatment. The study was carried out in the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering. Three treatments of water hyacinth replicated two times were used in the study. These treatments include no water hyacinth (control), 1kg and 2kg water hyacinth plant density cultures. The system was designed based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Sewage samples were collected during the growth of water hyacinth. Purification of water hyacinth on sewage was rapid during the first three weeks in the sewage cultured with water hyacinth (especially 2kg water hyacinth plant density) and there was low absorption in nutrients in the last two weeks when attaining maturity. Parameters such as Cl-, Fe, Cu, Mn, Pb, K, F-, Nitrate and Sulphate were drastically reduced from 9mg/l to 3.33 mg/l, 1.25 mg/l to 0.36 mg/l, 0.3mg/l to 0 mg/l, 0.5mg/l to 0.08mg/l, 0.2mg/l to 0.01 mg/l, 1.7 mg/l to 0.17mg/l, 0.7 mg/l to 0.08mg/l, 8.6mg/l to 0.03mg/l, 17.5mg/l to 6.20 mg/l respectively throughout the course of the study. Also, the 2kg water hyacinth plant density cultured in the sewage purifies more compared to the 1kg water hyacinth plant density which is moderate and minimal in the control.
Heavy Metal Removal from Domestic Wastewater Employing Live Eichhornia Crassipes
This study uses naturally growing water hyacinth for wastewater purification system, this is an alternative technique of heavy metal remediation. These plants enhance the removal of pollutants by consuming part of them in the form of the plant nutrients. The vascular plants cultured in such treatment system perform several functions, including assimilation and storing contaminates, transporting O 2 to root zone, and providing a substrate for microbial activity, canal containing floating macrophytes. This applies to municipal wastewater, in particular, where treatment units of different size can be applied at the pollution source and consumes less energy for the running. The effectiveness of wastewater purification by different plants was tested on laboratory and pilot scales. The aquatic plants system offers an environmentally friendly and cost effective technology, which have been used for removing Cadmium, Iron and Copper from wastewater. Batch experiments verified that the plants are capable of decreasing all tested indicators for water quality to levels that permit the use of purified water for irrigation, which poses serious problems in various locations throughout the country. It is shown that mixture of wastewater from in front of Gautam Budha University canal/ Greater Noida's canal wastewater and Galgotias University sewage treatment plants. The removal efficiency of the Cadmium, Iron and Copper is 74.52%, 75.31% and 67.75% in greater Noida's canal and 73.72%, 74.99 % and 68.37% in Galgotias University's wastewater respectively.
The effectiveness of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) for the purification of sewage was investigated. The study was carried out in the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering. Three treatments of water hyacinth replicated two times were used in the study. These treatments include no water hyacinth (control), 1kg and 2kg water hyacinth plant density cultures. The system was designed based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Sewage samples were collected during the growth of water hyacinth. Purification of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) on sewage was rapid during the first three weeks in the sewage cultured with water hyacinth (especially 2kg water hyacinth plant density) and there was low absorption in nutrients in the last two weeks when attaining maturity. Parameters such as Cl-, Fe, Cu, Mn, Pb, K, F-, Nitrate and Sulphate were drastically reduced from 9mg/l to 3.33mg/l, 1.25mg/l to 0.36mg/l, 0.3mg/l to 0 mg/l, 0.5mg/l to 0.08mg/l, 0.2mg/l to 0.01mg/l, 1.7mg/l to 0.17mg/l, 0.7 mg/l to 0.08mg/l, 8.6mg/l to 0.03mg/l, 17.5mg/l to 6.20mg/l respectively throughout the course of the study. The purification by water hyacinth had no effect on the bacteriological parameters (Agar count, E-coli, Coliform). Also, the 2kg water hyacinth plant density cultured in the sewage purifies more compared to the 1kg water hyacinth plant density which is moderate and minimal in the control treatment. One way analysis of variance was used to compare the means of the parameters tested. It shows that parameters like CO2, Mn, lead and sodium have significant difference between the control treatment with both the 1kg and 2kg water hyacinth plant density culture while parameters like pH, magnesium hardness, calcium hardness and calcium total have no significant difference between the no water hyacinth culture( control) with the 1kg and 2kg water hyacinth plant density culture. Finally, sewage parameters like BOD, COD, dissolved oxygen, Cu, F-, nitrate, phosphate, potassium, dissolved solids, suspended solids, sulphate, iron, Cl- and magnesium total were not affected.
2020
Toxic heavy metals pollution of water is a major environmental problem in recent world. Floating aquatic plant, water hyacinth is capable of assimilating large quantities of trace elements and heavy metals. Water hyacinth has the ability to absorb heavy metals. Batch experiments were conducted and the uptakes of cadmium, chromium and lead from the synthetic solution for six different concentrations ranging from 5 mg/l to 30 mg/l were studied. The daily uptake of heavy metals for all concentrations was recorded. Samples were analyzed by using AAS (atomic adsorption spectroscopy). Results indicated that at lower concentrations 5 mg/L of heavy metals, the plant growth was normal and the higher removal efficiency was found. At higher concentrations, >15 mg/l, the plant started wilting and removal efficiency was reduced. The AAS results point out the maximum uptake of weight of water hyacinth was 12.70 mg/100g, 12.93 mg/100g and 13.79 mg/100g of in aqueous solutions containing 5 mg/l of cadmium, chromium and lead respectively. Finally, it was concluded that by using water hyacinth, heavy metals could be effectively removed from wastewater when their concentrations were less than 15 mg/l.
Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal, 2020
The present study was carried out to determine the potential for phytoremediation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) plant for Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (Ar), and Mercury (Hg) absorption. The samples were collected from Dhamthal, Zafarwal and Narowal. The plant samples were cut into their parts and dried at room temperature for 25-30 days until they were fully dried. The change in fresh weight and dry weight was examined. The data of collected samples was recorded and statistically analyzed, which revealed the significance of results for different localities. The lower coefficient of variation was recorded for all studied traits which revealed that there was consistency among the results for different localities. For our study the plant's percentage removal of metals was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy in plant sample as well as water sample. Metal uptake happened at variable degrees. The water hyacinth uptake the largest metal uptake per dry weight of water hy...
Metals on Growth and Development of Eichhornia crassipes Species, Cultivated in Contaminated Water
Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
Many plants are capable of accumulating heavy metals (called hyperacumulators), one of which is the water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes Mart. The roots of this water plant naturally absorb pollutants, including heavy metals such as Pb, Hg, Zn, Co, Cd, and Cu and can be used for wastewater treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of heavy metals on growth and development of water hyacinth and to determinate the uptake capacity of heavy metals of this species. It was evaluated for its effectiveness in reducing pollution potential in wastewater. From the combination of experimental factors 11 variants resulted. The results showed that Eichhornia absorbed a high quantity of Pb (504 mg/kg dry matter) and Cu (561 mg/kg dry matter) in their roots. More Cu accumulated in the root compared to Pb. The level of Zn absorption was lower in roots (84 mg/kg dry matter) and also in stem plus leaves (51 mg/kg dry matter). A high quantity of Cd (281 mg/kg dry matter) was removed f...
Removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents by water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes)
Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 2012
A study was carried out using water hyacinth as a pollution monitor for the simultaneous removal of heavy metals such as copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and aluminium (Al). Effluents were collected from eight industries including paint, textiles, aluminium, galvanizing and battery industries situated in Lagos State, Nigeria. After cultivation of the plant for seven days in a plastic bowl containing each effluent, while sampling was carried out from the bowl everyday, the collected samples were analyzed for Pb, Fe, Zn, Cr and Cu at wavelengths 248.3, 213.7, 357.9 and 324.9 nm respectively using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Aluminium was determined using UV spectrophotometry and potassium was determined using a flame photometer. The results of the analysis indicated that the range of the heavy metal in the effluents before the cleaning process were Pb (0.1 to 4.4 ppm), Cr (0.39 to 0.5 ppm), Cu (0.08 to 1.65 ppm), Zn (0.7 to 8.7 ppm), Fe (1.2 to 7.5 ppm), Al (0.15 to 1.05 ppm) and Ni (0.6 to 49.2 ppm) while Cd was not detected in none of the effluents. The values were higher than the Federal Ministry of Environment and the World Health Organization effluent limitation guidelines recommended levels. The cleaning experiment showed that water hyacinth has the ability to clean-up the effluents of their heavy metals content by removing about 70 to 90% of their initial concentrations within four to six days of the experimental setup .
The objective of the present study is to evaluate the bioremediation potential of Eicchornia crassipes (bio-filters) inhabiting the wastewater bodies situated in the trans-region of the two rivers Ganges and Yamuna of Allahabad region. Amongst the physicochemical parameters measured viz. pH, DO, BOD and COD; pH decreased from 7.7 ± 0.02 to 7.3 ± 0.03 and from 8.8 ± 0.04 to 7.2 ± 0.01 in waste water bodies of trans-regions of the Yamuna and the Ganges, respectively. Similarly, DO values increased by 94% and 65%, BOD values decreased by 54% and 66% and COD values decreased by 53% and 73% respectively for trans-regions of the Yamuna and the Ganges rivers as compared to their respective control. The increase in total chlorophyll content was maximum (20%) in the trans-Yamuna as compared to trans-Ganges regions. Total protein content increased by 15% in shoots and 14% in roots of the plant in the trans-Yamuna regions over plants in the trans-Ganges regions. These results indicate E. crass...