Effects of High Intensity Training and High Volume Training on Endothelial Microparticles and Angiogenic Growth Factors (original) (raw)
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Effect of Physical Exercise on the Release of Microparticles with Angiogenic Potential
Applied sciences, 2020
Cellular communication has a fundamental role in both human physiological and pathological states and various mechanisms are involved in the crosstalk between organs. Among these, microparticles (MPs) have an important involvement. MPs are a subtype of extracellular vesicles produced by a variety of cells following activation or apoptosis. They are normally present in physiological conditions, but their concentration varies in pathological states such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or cancer. Acute and chronic physical exercise are able to modify MPs amounts as well. Among various actions, exercise-responsive MPs affect angiogenesis, the process through which new blood vessels grow from pre-existing vessels. Usually, the neo vascular growth has functional role; but an aberrant neovascularization accompanies several oncogenic, ischemic, or inflammatory diseases. In addition, angiogenesis is one of the key adaptations to physical exercise and training. In the present review, we report evidence regarding the effect of various typologies of exercise on circulating MPs that are able to affect angiogenesis.
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 2017
Background: The effects of chronic exposure to exercise training on vascular biomarkers have been poorly explored. Objective: Our study aimed to compare the amounts of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and endothelial (EMP) and platelet (PMP) microparticles between professional runners and healthy controls. Methods: Twenty-five half-marathon runners and 24 age-and gender-matched healthy controls were included in the study. EPCs (CD34+/KDR+, CD133+/KDR+, and CD34+/CD133+), EMP (CD51+) and PMP (CD42+/CD31+) were quantified by flow-cytometry. All blood samples were obtained after 12 h of fasting and the athletes were encouraged to perform their routine exercises on the day before. Results: As compared with controls, the CD34+/KDR+ EPCs (p=0.038) and CD133+/KDR+ EPCs (p=0.018) were increased, whereas CD34+/CD133+ EPCs were not different (p=0.51) in athletes. In addition, there was no difference in MPs levels between the groups. Conclusion: Chronic exposure to exercise in professional runners was associated with higher percentage of EPCs. Taking into account the similar number of MPs in athletes and controls, the study suggests a favorable effect of exercise on these vascular biomarkers.
The Effect of Physical Exercise on Endothelial Function
Sports Medicine, 2009
Endothelium is essential for maintenance of health of the vessel wall and for the local regulation of vascular tone and structure and haemostasis. Regular physical exercise, which is known to promote a favourable cardiovascular state, may improve endothelial function via several mechanisms. Indeed, it augments blood flow and laminar shear stress, resulting in increased nitric oxide production and bioavailability. In this regard, the beneficial effects of training on endothelial function can be mediated in a number of ways, including synthesis of molecular mediators, changes in neurohormonal release and oxidant/antioxidant balance. On the other hand, physical exercise can also elicit systemic molecular pathways connected with angiogenesis and chronic anti-inflammatory action with consequent modification of the endothelial function. However, its benefit depends on the type and intensity of training performed. While strenuous exercise increases oxidative metabolism and produces a pro-oxidant environment, only regular moderate physical activity promotes an antioxidant state and preserves endothelial function. Thus, exercise may have a beneficial effect on the development of cardiovascular disease through preserving endothelial function.
Angiotensin II and VEGF are involved in angiogenesis induced by short-term exercise training
American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2001
Results from our laboratory have suggested a pathway involving angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptors and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in angiogenesis induced by electrical stimulation. The present study investigated if similar mechanisms underlie the angiogenesis induced by short-term exercise training. Seven days before training and throughout the training period, male Sprague-Dawley rats received either captopril or losartan in their drinking water. Rats underwent a 3-day treadmill training protocol. The tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles were harvested under anesthesia and lightly fixed in formalin (vessel density) or frozen in liquid nitrogen (VEGF expression). In controls, treadmill training resulted in a significant increase in vessel density in all muscles studied. However, the angiogenesis induced by exercise was completely blocked by either losartan or captopril. Western blot analysis showed that VEGF expression was increased in the exercised control...
Pakistan BioMedical Journal
Endostatin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) are important markers driving the angiogenic switch. It is clear that short periods of moderate to high intensity exercise significantly increase the concentration of endostatin and VEGF in plasma. Objective: To investigate concentration of circulatory endostatin in plasma and impact of different intensities of exercise encompassing from low to maximum on distribution of endostatin and VEGF concentrations in plasma. Methods: Eight healthy male volunteers were recruited through advertisements and personal contacts, after assessing their fitness through two pre-participation health screening questionnaires, PAR-Q and ACSM Health Fitness Facility pre-participation health screening questionnaire for performing maximal exercise to volitional exhaustion. All the volunteers attend the lab on 2 consecutive days. The blood was centrifuged at 1000 RPM for 15 minutes for endostatin and VEGF and at 3000 RPM for 15 minutes for lipid profil...
Journal of Applied Physiology, 2019
Endothelial function typically exhibits a hormetic response to exercise. It is unknown whether endothelial damage occurs in response to acute exercise and could be a contributing mechanism. We sought to determine the effects of acute exercise on endothelial-derived circulating factors proposed to reflect endothelial integrity and activation. Young, healthy men ( n = 10) underwent 30-min moderate continuous (MOD) and high-intensity interval (HII) cycling exercise bouts. Venous blood samples were taken immediately before and after exercise for quantification of circulating endothelial cells (CECs), circulating angiogenic cells (CACs), apoptotic and activated endothelial microvesicles (EMVs), thrombomodulin (TM), von Willebrand factor (vWF), syndecan-1, and circulating microRNAs (ci-miRs) 126–3p and 126–5p. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery before, 10 min after, and 60 min after exercise. Numbers of CECs and EMVs were unchanged by ...
Journal of Applied Physiology, 2008
exercise-induced improvement of endothelial function. We assessed whether a maximal exercise bout could alter the number of circulating EPC in healthy subjects and whether this effect is related to their cardiovascular risk profile. Additionally, we investigated possible mediators of this effect, namely nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release. Healthy subjects (group 1, n=11; group 2, n= 14) performed a symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on a bicycle ergometer. Numbers of CD34+/KDR+ cells were determined by flow cytometric analysis, either after magnetic separation of CD34+ cells (group 1) or starting from whole blood (group 2). Serum concentrations of VEGF and NO metabolites were measured using ELISA. Following exercise, EPC increased with 76% (15.4 ± 10.7 cells/ml vs. 27.2 ± 13.7 cells/ml, p=0.01) in group 1 and with 69% in group 2 (30.9 ± 14.6 cells/ml vs. 52.5 ± 42.6 cells/ml, p= 0.03). The increase in EPC correlated positively with LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio and negatively with VO 2 peak and VO 2 at anaerobic threshold. VEGF levels increased with exercise with a strong trend towards significance (p=0.055). NO levels remained unchanged. The present study demonstrates that a maximal bout of exercise induces a significant shift in CD34+ cells towards CD34+/KDR+ cells. This response was larger in subjects with a less favourable lipid profile.
Journal of The American College of Cardiology, 2004
We investigated whether a single episode of exercise could acutely increase the numbers of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and cultured/circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) in human subjects. BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cells and CACs can be isolated from peripheral blood and have been shown to participate in vascular repair and angiogenesis. We hypothesized that exercise may acutely increase either circulating EPCs or CACs.