Assessment Of Industrial Effluents In Khartoum North (Case Study- Tanneries Effluents) (original) (raw)
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Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing, 2021
Water pollution caused by leather industrial effluent discharges has become a troublesome phenomenon due to its negative impact on environmental health and safety. In this paper, the wastewater in the vicinity of Lawdar tannery areas was assessed in two years from October 2019 to June 2021 to determine physico-chemical parameters of industrial effluents of Lawdar tannery at four different area points. Tannery effluents were collected and all samples were analyzed in the laboratory and rated as no freshwater with parameters such as acidity and basicity, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, color, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, and several positive and negative ions. The investigation showed that all physico-chemical parameters were higher than the standard disposal limits of discharged water quality. The findings of this research will assist the government and tanneries in the treatme...
2018
The pollution potential of untreated tannery effluents discharged from Challawa industrial estate in Kano state, Nigeria through drains and canals into Challawa River was considered in this study. Samples were collected along the canal through which tannery effluents from Challawa industrial areas are channelled to River Challawa. The first point (sample station 1) was at the confluence where the different drains converge, the second point (sample station 2) was located 200 meters from the confluence point, the third point (sample station 3) was at 200 meters from the second point and the fourth point (sample station 4) was at the point just before the effluent is discharged into the river. The samples were analyzed for electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), temperature, pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), chloride, alkalinity, and sulphide. The values of the parameters ranged: 8.87-7.54 for pH, 28.1-30...
The protection of our environment from pollution by various industrial wastes is an extremely important problem of modern times. Ideally each Industry should treat its effluent by the installation of pollution abatement equipment. A uniform effluent limit has been drawn up for all category of Industrial effluent in Nigeria. Additional effluent limit have been provided for individual industries. Industries have to meet set limits for their effluent and enforcement is by compliance monitoring. An assessment of the performance of primary effluent treatment plant (PETP) of major tanneries in Kano, Nigeria was carried out between January and September 2011using physicochemical and biochemical parameters of water quality. Influent and effluent samples were collected and analyzed according to standard methods. The percentage reduction in pollution load was as follows: 44%, 36%, 39%, 32%, 17%, 34%, 40%, 44%, 53%, 76%, 61%, and 86% for chloride, total dissolved solids, total solids, total suspended solids, and conductivity, Sulphide, BOD, COD, TKN, Cadmium, Lead and Chromium respectively. When compared with the effluent limitation standards for tanning and leather finishing industries as established by the Nigerian Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) and World Health organisation (WHO), most of the parameters of the effluents exceeded the maximum allowable limits for discharge into the environment. The implication of the results obtained to public health was discussed.
Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology
In the present study, the levels of selected heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Pb) were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometeric method. The following concentration ranges (mg/L) were recorded in wastewater samples: Cr (2.006-373.005), Cd (0.015-0.051), Mn (1.421-3.049), Cu (0.024-0.906) and Zn (0.105-0.934). Whereas, Pb was found to be blow detection limit (0.04). The concentration of Cr was highest followed by Mn in all sample sites and these values were found to be significantly higher than the maximum permissible limits of WHO, NEQS and FEPA. The levels of Cd, Cu and Zn were within the maximum permissible limits for effluent discharged into rivers. Decreasing in concentrations of heavy metals with distance from point source up to a distance of 40 meters was observed. pH, Temperature (°C), COD, TDS, TSS, SO 4 2and Cl-(mg/L) were also determined:
An investigation on bacteriological quality assessment of effluent discharged from NILEST tannery was carried out with view to isolate and identify the bacterial species present in the tannery effluent, and to compare the level of microbial density of treated and untreated tannery effluents. Comparison between the level of contamination of the analyzed tannery effluent and the standard given by national and international environmental regulatory bodies was carried out. A total of 40 samples were collected; 20 each from treated and untreated samples. The samples were analyzed by multiple tube fermentation technique using Most Probable Number (MPN) method. All the untreated tannery effluent samples show the presence of coliform bacteria 40 (100%), while, 6 (30%) of the treated tannery effluent samples show the presence of coliform bacteria. There is significant difference (p<0.05) between microbial load in the treated tannery effluent and untreated effluents analyzed. Most of the treated samples (70%) were able to meet up with national and international environmental regulatory bodies' standard. It was recommended that adequate treatment of effluent should be carried out to reduce its risk to the aquatic animals and society at large.
— The leather industry is suffering from the negative impact generated by the pollutionit causes to the environment. Nearly 70% of the pollution loads of BOD, COD, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) are generated from soaking, liming, deliming, pickling and tanning and retanning processes. There is an enormous pressure from the various pollution control bodies to regulate and minimize the amount of pollution generated from the leatherprocessing. The need for use of alternative to chemical methods to combat pollution problem have become necessary to protect the industry and to comply with the environmental norms. In the present study, effluent samples were collected from Batu and Modjoa tannery in Ethiopia. The effluent samples were collected from all stages of processing viz., soaking,liming, deliming, pickling, Chrome tanning and Retaining. The physicochemical parameters of the tannery effluent viz.pH, alkalinity, acidity, biochemicaloxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), totalsolids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), suspended solids (SS), chlorides and sulfides were determined. All the parametersincluded in this study are found to be higher than the prescribed discharge limits for tannery industries. The investigation of the tannery wastewater from different tanning processes gave a number of conclusions. The results indicate that the wastewaters from the tanneries do not satisfy the legal ranges of selected parameters discharge to inland water and to sewer.
Evaluation of some industrial effluents in Jos metropolis , Plateau State , Nigeria
2015
Industrial effluents are generally discharged into receiving water bodies or disposed on land. These effluents are often used by the communities around for domestic activities like farming. Sometimes effluents gain access into wells or streams within the community. Analyses aimed to determine the strength of effluents of three different industries in Jos metropolis: industry A (a food industry), industry B (a pharmaceutical outfit) and Industry C (a water treatment plant) using parameters such as physicochemical, chemical and microbiological tests. Analyses revealed that National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) limits for pH, chloride, oil and grease, zinc, copper and sodium were met by the industries. Industries A and B passed the test for BOD5 but industry C failed. Only industry C passed the test for COD. All the industries failed the tests for sulphide, iron and lead while only Industry A failed the test for free chlorine and nitrates. The mos...
Environmental Assessment of Wastewater Pollution in Al-Qassim Industrial City
Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering - Proceedings of the International Conference on CBEE 2009, 2010
A new approach for a continuous monitoring program is used to assess the status of the wastewater in the sewage network in accordance with the environmental standards and to identify the industrial contamination agents that may exist in the sewage and their possible sources. Moreover, an investigation program is used to assess the potential contamination of the surrounding soil and groundwater due to leakage from the sewage ponds.
Study on Industrial Wastewater Characteristics in New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences, 2005
Over the past 20 years, the new industrial cities were considered as the main solution to most of the problems facing the metropolitan industrial areas and to assist in the national industrial development. In these new communities, industrial and domestic activities result in the production of vast quantities of wastewater; the improper disposal of which may cause serious environmental hazards. New Borg El-Arab Industrial City (NBA) includes 9 residential areas and 4 industrial zones. The four industrial zones are occupied by 266 running factories belonging to different industrial sectors. All the domestic sewage as well as the industrial wastewater are treated at an oxidation pond treatment plant and the plant effluent is used in irrigation of silviculture areas. The general objective of the present study was to assess the industrial wastewater characteristics. The preassessment phase revealed that 64 factories were discharging industrial wastewater. They could be classified into 9 textile plants, 11 fabricated metal plants, 7 paper and cardboard plants, 12 chemical plants, 23 food industrial plants, and 2 glue plants. The results revealed that out of the 64 wastewater-generating industrial plants in NBA city, 39 were violating the law 93/62 of the wastewater discharge into the sewerage system for one parameter or more. These were 8 textile companies, 5 fabricated metal companies, 4 paper and allied products companies, 7 chemical companies, 12 food processing companies, the studied 2 edible oil refinery companies, and 1 glue production company. The frequency of violation was found to be 59%, 44%, 10%, 56%, 56%, 36%, 10%, and 2.6% as regards pH, SS, settleable solids, BOD, COD, O&G, PO 4 3-, and NH 3 respectively among the violating plants. The study proposed some recommendations for the violating companies to comply with the law limits. These were pollution reduction, pretreatment, loans and grants, and awareness and training programmes.