The Influence of Turbulent Mixing on Deflagration to Detonation Transition (original) (raw)

In the current study, the influence of turbulent mixing on Deflagration to Detonation Transition (DDT) is investigated, using a state-of-the-art Large Eddy Simulation (LES) strategy, for conditions which correspond to recent experiments [1–3]. This investigation follows the procedure of Radulescu and Maxwell [4] by considering the re-ignition of fully quenched detonations, following the detonation interaction with a porous medium, as shown in Figure 1. This type of DDT has also been examined experimentally for detonation interactions with perforated plates [5], or a series of obstacles, or blockages [6,7]. Currently, the quenching process of detonations is well understood. As a detonation wave diffracts around an object, the sudden change in area causes volumetric expansion of the gas behind the leading shock wave. Eventually, the detonation can become quenched when local cooling due to this expansion overcomes local heating due to chemical reactions [8–10]. The result is a de-coupl...

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Numerical Study of Detonation-Turbulence Interaction

49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, 2011

A numerical study is performed to investigate the effect of preshock turbulence on the detonation wave properties. The analysis is based on the integration of the chemically reactive Navier-Stokes equations using a Runge-Kutta scheme and a fifth-order WENO spatial discretization. The results show a marked influence of preshock perturbations on the postshock statistics. The alteration to the limit cycle structure supported by unstable waves close to their critical points is highlighted. The effect of reactivity and fluid acceleration in the postshock region are examined by comparison with the non-reactive analog. The possibility that significant forcing can lead to hot spot formation is investigated by considering temperature probability distribution functions in the reaction zone. The separate effect of vortical and entropic fluctuations is considered.

Detonation–turbulence interaction

Combustion and Flame, 2011

This paper reports a numerical study on the effect of turbulence on the detonation wave properties. The analysis is based on the integration of the chemically reactive Navier-Stokes equations using a Runge-Kutta scheme and a fifth-order WENO spatial discretization. We perform a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the fluid-mechanics equations in three dimensions to determine the fine-scale evolution.

The evolution of fast turbulent deflagrations to detonations

Physics of Fluids

We use advanced experimental techniques to explore turbulence-induced deflagration-to-detonation transition (tDDT) in hydrogen–air mixtures. We analyze the full sequence of turbulent flame evolution from fast deflagration-to-detonation using simultaneous direct measurements of pressure, turbulence, and flame, shock, and flow velocities. We show that fast turbulent flames that accelerate and develop shocks are characterized by turbulent flame speeds that exceed the Chapman–Jouguet deflagration speed in agreement with the tDDT theory and direct numerical simulation (DNS) results. Velocity and pressure evolutions are provided to detail the governing mechanisms that drive turbulent flame acceleration. Turbulent flame speeds and fluctuations are examined to reveal flow field characteristics of the tDDT process. This work contributes to the understanding of fundamental mechanisms responsible for spontaneous initiation of detonations by fast turbulent flames.

Investigation into mechanisms of deflagration-to-detonation using Direct Numerical Simulations

E3S Web of Conferences

Detonation, a combustion phenomenon is a supersonic combustion wave which plays critical role in the theory and application of combustion. This work presents numerical investigation into indirect initiation of detonation using direct numerical simulations (DNS). The Adaptive Mesh Refinement in object–oriented C++ (AMROC) tool for parallel computations is applied in DNS. The combustion reactions take place in a shock tube and an enclosure with a tube respectively and are controlled by detailed chemical kinetics. The database produced by DNS accurately simulates the process of transition of deflagration to detonation (DDT), and investigates the influence of overpressure and kinetics on flame propagations during combustion processes. The numerical simulations showed the influence of pressure and kinetics to the transition of slow and fast flames and DDT during flame propagations. When the reaction rate is fast, DDT is achieved, but when slow, DDT will not occur and therefore, there wil...

Numerical Simulations of Mildly Unstable Gaseous Detonations in Small Channels

2015

Detonation is a complex phenomenon that consists of a shock w ave coupled to reaction zone moving at a high-speed velocity. It has issues in many engineering scie nces such as safety and explosion, aerospace propulsion systems (pulse-, rotatingand oblique-detona ti engines). Detonation wave propagating in a narrow channel filled with a reactive mixture exhibits di fferent flow features and hydrodynamics instabilities with boundary layers effects. The flow resist ance can lead to a detonation velocity deficit compared to the ideal Chapman-Jouguet detonation velocity and can eventually cause the failure of the detonation. Detonation are unstable for most known gaseous c mbustible mixtures. These multidimensional instabilities provide an essential mechanism for de tonation propagation. Different mechanisms were proposed to explain the velocity deficit. Zel’dovich [1 ] proposed an analytical model based on a one-dimensional formalism in which drag forces and heat los ses are considered ...

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE INITIATION AND ONSET OF DETONATION GERAINT THOMAS ABER SHOCK AND DETONATION RESEARCH LIMITED

The results of experimental studies during which transition to detonation events occurred are presented. These observations and their interpretation are then discussed, and the conditions for the onset of detonation are described, with particular attention paid to the nature of the deflagration to detonation transition (DDT)phenomena. The resulting implications for predicting detonation evolution using computational fluid dynamic methods in practical applications are also discussed.

Diffusion and hydrodynamic instabilities in gaseous detonations

Combustion and Flame, 2012

To clarify the role played by diffusion in detonation structure, two-dimensional numerical simulations are performed by solving the Navier-Stokes equations and considering the single step Arrhenius kinetic as reaction model. The effect of diffusion on the generation of vortices produced by hydrodynamic instabilities (Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) and Kelvin Helmholtz (KH) instabilities) is investigated. Mixtures with both low and high activation energies, characterized by their regular and irregular detonation structures, are considered. The computations are performed with resolutions ranging from 25 to 10 3 cells per half reaction length of the ZND structure. Resolution studies of the Navier-Stokes solution for irregular detonations in moderate activation energy mixtures shows that to capture a proper structure, to be at least in qualitative agreement with experimental observations, resolution more that 300 cells per half reaction length is required. However, in mixtures with low activation energy a resolution of 25 cells per half reaction length gives a reasonable physical structure of the detonation. Results provided by very high resolution for irregular structure detonations reveal that the major effect of diffusion occurs at shear layers and unburned pockets boundaries. Diffusion suppresses the small-scale vortices produced by KH instabilities and decreases the turbulent mixing rate of burned and partly burned gases at shear layers. However, behind the shock front, where less concentration of small-scale vortices exist, the diffusion of heat and mass from neighboring hot regions of burned material to the unreacted gases increases the burning rate of the un-reacted pockets. Comparison of the structure obtained by solving the Euler equations with the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations shows that, the strength of the shock front in Navier-Stokes solution is higher than that in Euler solution. Due to the absence of hydrodynamic instabilities behind the main front of regular structure detonations, the results obtained by solving the Euler equations and Navier-Stokes equations are similar for detonations with regular structure even in high resolution simulations.

Deflagration-to-detonation transition in highly reactive combustible mixtures

Acta Astronautica, 2010

The paper presents experimental, theoretical, and numerical studies of deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) in highly reactive hydrogen–oxygen and ethylene–oxygen mixtures. Two-dimensional reactive Navier–Stokes equations for a hydrogen–oxygen gaseous mixture including the effects of viscosity, thermal conduction, molecular diffusion, and a detailed chemical reaction mechanism are solved numerically. It is found that mechanism of DDT is entirely determined by the features of the flame acceleration in tubes with no-slip walls. The experiments and computations show three distinct stages of the process: (1) the flame accelerates exponentially producing shock waves far ahead from the flame, (2) the flame acceleration decreases and shocks are formed directly on the flame surface, and (3) the final third stage of the actual transition to a detonation. During the second stage a compressed and heated pocket of unreacted gas adjacent ahead to the flame—the preheat zone is forming and the compressed unreacted mixture entering the flame produces large amplitude pressure pulse. The increase of pressure enhances reaction rate and due to a positive feedback between the pressure peak and the reaction the pressure peak grows exponentially, steepens into a strong shock that is coupled with the reaction zone forming the overdriven detonation wave. The proposed new physical mechanism of DDT highlights the features of flame acceleration in tubes with no-slip walls, which is the key factor of the DDT origin.

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