Metabolic changes during Ramadan fasting in normal people and Diabetic patients (original) (raw)
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Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 2019
Background and aims: The diabetic exempted from fasting by religion, wishing or not to observe the fast, is exposed like any other during Ramadan to a change in lifestyle. The objective of this study was to highlight the effects of Ramadan fasting on diabetes. Material and methods: Multicentre study on 899 diabetics was carried to collect data on the behaviour of diabetics with regard to the fast of Ramadan, biochemicals and anthropometry parameters. Results. The sample consists of 541 diabetic fasters (DTMF) and 358 no fasters. The causes of interruption of fasting were: hypoglycemia (82.4%), dehydration (44.5%), hyperglycemia (12.6%), high blood pressure (13.7%), loss of consciousness (8.3%). The risk factors related to fasting for DTMF were the type of diabetes and gender. Discussion and modifications about dietary, blood glucose monitoring and nutritional education sessions showed a protective effect against the occurrence of hypo and hyperglycemia and loss of consciousness. Dec...
The effect of ramadan fasting on diabetes control in type II diabetic patients
Nutrition Research, 1991
The effect of Ramadan fasting -defined as abstinence from eating or drinking from dawn till sunset during this lunar month -on the control of diabetes mellitus was studied in 47 type II diabetic patients and in a group of non-diabetic subjects. Body weight, glycosyl ated hemoglobin were determined before and immediately after Ramadan in both groups while glycosylated protein was also measured in 9 diabetic patients. In the diabetic patients, there was no significant change in their weights 75.2 + 12.8 vs 74.1 + 12.4 kgs., P=NS; glycosylated hemoglobin (1~.9 + 3.1% vs 1~.5 + 2.8%, P=NS; glycosylated protein (1.19 + O.3Tvs 1.17 + 0.3~, P=NS) after the 30 day Ramadan fast. In t~e non-diabetic-controls, there was a statistically significant loss in weight during the Ramadan fast 74.2 + 10.4 kgs. vs 72.5 + 10.2 kgs., p40.001). However, there was ~o significant chang~ in their glycosylated hemoglobin (7.5 + + 1.1% vs 7.5 + 1.0%, P=NS). It is concluded that the fastin~ ~hich occurs ~ring the Moslem month of Ramadan does not cause any significant weight loss and does not have any measurable impact on glycemic control in type II diabetic patients.
Interventions in obesity & diabetes, 2022
Background: During Ramadan, type 2 diabetic Muslims abstain from eating and drinking from sunrise to sunset. This long fasting period may cause changes in blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile and other biochemical parameters, eating behaviors, and nutrient intake. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Ramadan fasting on nutrient intake, changes in blood sugar, lipid profile and, other biochemical parameters in type 2 diabetic patients who fasted Ramadan in the state of Qatar. Methods: The study was conducted among 38 Muslim subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus who undertook fasting during Ramadan. All subjects were subjected to a dietary assessment at three stages, i.e., Before Ramadan (BR), During Ramadan (DR), and After Ramadan (AR), by a trained dietician. The 24-hour dietary recall method was the tool for dietary assessment. Energy, macronutrients, sodium, and calcium intake were assessed using a 24-hour recall through a face-to-face interview in each stage. 5ml blood sample was collected to measure FBS, HbA1c, lipid profile, creatinine, BUN, sodium, and calcium were measured before, during and after Ramadan. Results: Significant decrease in fasting blood sugar (P=0.03), HbA1c level (P=0.04), BUN (P=0.04), and creatinine (P=0.03). While the non-significant increases in lipid profile including total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG were noticed (P>0.05). There is no change was noticed in albumin, hemoglobin, and vitamin D. Daily consumption of energy, carbohydrate, and protein was significantly reduced during Ramadan (p < 0.000) when compared to before Ramadan. While fat, sodium, and calcium intake were significantly increased during Ramadan fasting (p < 0.000). Conclusion: Ramadan fasting improve fasting blood sugar, HbA1-c, and some of biochemical parameters but has no effect on lipid profile. Reduce total energy and variations in macro and micronutrients intake during Ramadan fasting.
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine, 2019
Background: During Ramadan month Muslims neither eat or drink from down to sunset. Islam exempts some Muslims from fasting including diabetic patients. However, many diabetic patients insist on fasting without proper medical advice. Objectives: To determine the clinical effects of Ramadan fasting on diabetic patients, to identify the underlying factors of these effects and to outline recommendations for safe fasting. Method: This follow up study recruited 284 Muslim diabetic patients from two hospitals in Qualubeya Governorate, of these; only 200 patients completed the study. The patients were assessed by a structured questionnaire sheet, diabetes symptom checklist, anthropometric measurement and blood samples were collected to measure fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, High Density Lipoprotein, Low Density Lipoprotein and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Results: There was a statistically significant increase in five DM symptom domain scores at the end of Ramadan than before; neuropathic pain, psychological fatigue, cardiovascular, psychological cognitive function and hyperglycemia P<0.05 for all). Anthropometric measurements (weight, BMI, waist-hip ratio), lipid profile and HbA1C were significantly (P<0.05) decreased at the end of Ramadan. Complicated DM during Ramadan fasting was related to physical inactivity, previous DM complications during Ramadan fasting, decreased food intake, increased fluid and sugar intake. Conclusion: Ramadan fasting is associated with DM complications in diabetic patients. So, management plans are recommended to minimize these complications.
Metabolic control during Ramadan fasting
Practical Diabetes International, 1992
The objective of this study is to assess the metabolic control of diabetes during Ramadan fasting among different risk groups. This cohort study included 203 diabetic patients attending Prince Abdulaziz Bin Majid Diabetic Center in Madinah, who intended to fast during Ramadan 2014. They were divided into high-risk group (68.47%), low-risk group (23.65%) and very high-risk group (7.88%). Weight, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A1c), creatinine and lipid profile were all measured 2 weeks before Ramadan, 4 weeks during the period of the fast and on the week that followed the end of the month. Hypoglycemia was highest in the very high-risk group (42.9%) which consisted of type 1 diabetics. Hb A1c significantly decreased in the high (9.13 ± 1.46% vs 8.75 ± 1.46%), (p=0.014) and very high-risk (9.88 ± 2.00 vs 8.64 ± 1.67), (p = 0.005) groups but increased in the low-risk group (7.0548 ± .93% vs 7.49 ± .99%), (p=0.002). Weight, WC, BP, creatinine, and lipid profile were similar in low-and high-risk patients. The very high-risk group showed significantly increased systolic BP and total cholesterol levels (P= 0.018 and 0.001). In conclusion, fasting Ramadan has different impacts on glycemic control among different risk groups. Hypoglycemia and other unfavorable effects observed among the very high-risk group mandate close monitoring during fasting.
Ramadan fasting is an excellent example of intermittent fasting. During Ramadan not only the food intake but the sleep pattern also alters. In spite of the exemption by the Islamic law many of the type 2 diabetic patients observe Ramadan fasting every year. The sudden change in the lifestyle which includes the change in eating and sleeping pattern can affect the various metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetic patients. The present study evaluated the anthropometric, hematological and biochemical parameters of type 2 diabetic males before and at the end of Ramadan fasting month. There was a significant reduction in the body weight, but blood pressure, total WBC count, total RBC count, hemoglobin, platelet count, fasting blood glucose, post prandial blood glucose, and HbA1c did not altered after Ramadan fasting. Total cholesterol remained unchanged while HDL increased at the end of Ramadan fasting. Triglycerides, LDL and VLDL decreased after Ramadan fasting. Renal function was affected by a significant increase in urea, creatinine and uric acid but was within physiological range. Total and direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, globulin, ALT and AST did not altered during Ramadan fasting but there was a significant increase in the ALP. In conclusion observing Ramadan fasting does not harmfully affect type 2 diabetic patients.
IUG Journal for Natural and Engineering Studies, 2013
Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the effect of Ramadan fasting on anthropometric measures and some biochemical parameters among type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients in Gaza Governorate, Gaza Strip. Materials and methods: The design of the study is a case control (2:1). The study was carried out during the last Ramadan (late of July to August, 2011) in Gaza Governorate. A total of 80 patients suffering from the diabetes type 2, aged 40 to 65 years, have no history of diabetic complications or other diseases and treated with the same of oral hypoglycemic drugs (OHD), and compared with 40 healthy individuals as control. Anthropometric and biochemical analysis were carried out one week before Ramadan and one week before its end. Data (obtained through questionnaire interview) were analyzed using SPSS version 14. Results: The mean (± SD) of age of the participants was 53.21 (± 7.459) years for diabetic patients and 54.84 (± 6.798) years for controls (p>0.05). When the results were summed up and compared statistically, there was a statistically significant reduction in the mean of body weight (p=0.038 and p=0.000 respectively) and body mass index (BMI) (p=0.001 and p=0.000 respectively) at the end of Ramadan month in both groups as compared to pre-Ramadan. This study also found a statistically reduction in the mean (± SD) of serum fasting blood glucose (FBG) during Ramadan as compared to values before Ramadan in both groups (p=0.000 and p=0.000, respectively). A statistically significant increase in the mean (± SD) of serum triglycerides (TG) levels was also observed at the end of fasting among diabetic group (p-value=0.000). Among diabetic group, the mean (± SD) of HDL-C levels also showed significant reduction (P=0.000), while significant elevation in control group was observed (P=0.000) during Ramadan as compared to values before Ramadan. There was also statistically significant elevation in the mean (± SD) of serum total cholesterol (TC) (p-value=0.000 in both groups) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p-value=0.000 in both groups) during the period of fasting as compared to the period before fasting in both groups. In addition, during the two periods, there were no statistical differences in the mean (± SD) of serum creatinine (p=0.0.193 and p=0.147 respectively) and urea levels (p=0.560 and p=0.143 respectively) in both groups. Concerning the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), the results also showed no statistical differences in the mean (± SD) of HbA1c levels (p=0.133 and p=0.905 respectively) in both groups. Conclusion: Ramadan fast is relatively safe among type 2 diabetic patients provided that they should be properly educated about drug regimen adjustment, diet control, daily activities and possible sudden complications.
Metabolic effects of Ramadan fasting in patients at high risk of cardiovascular diseases
International Journal of General Medicine, 2019
Background and aim: The effects of Ramadan fasting on health are a little controversial. The present study is aimed at evaluating the metabolic effects on a group of 517 patients with ≥2 cardiovascular risk factors over a period running from 2012 to 2014. Methods: Each patient was assessed at three visits: before, during, and after Ramadan. Demographical, clinical and biological tests were performed at each visit. Results: Metabolically, we noted a significant and discrete rise in blood glucose level (+1.2 mmol/L), triglycerides (+0.3 mmol/L), cholesterol (+0.12 mmol/L) and creatinine (+3 µmol/L) during Ramadan. These disturbances decreased significantly after Ramadan. The same variations were observed among diabetics (n=323). However, there was a significant decrease in HbA1c after Ramadan (9.0% vs 7.6%, p<0.001). Our findings also revealed there was no significant correlation between variations of metabolic parameters and dietary intake. No acute metabolic incidents were reported during the study period. Conclusion: The current study showed that Ramadan is responsible for a transient but well tolerated disturbance of metabolic parameters followed by a significant post-Ramadan improvement. These changes did not seem to be directly related to dietary intake.
The changes of metabolic profile and weight during Ramadan fasting
Singapore medical …, 2006
Introduction: Ramadan is the holiest month in the Islamic calendar and Muslims fast during this month. We designed this study to evaluate the effect of Ramadan fasting on plasma lipids and lipoproteins. Methods: This cohort study was performed during Ramadan in December 2002 (Islamic year 1423). The subjects were 81 students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. We evaluated weight, body mass index (BMI), glucose, triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), before and after Ramadan.