Sleep and Economic Status Are Linked to Daily Life Stress in African-Born Blacks Living in America (original) (raw)
Related papers
Influence of Socioeconomic Status and Stress Over Quality of Sleep: A Systematic Review
Sleep disorders (SD) have a complex aetiology, and socioeconomic status (SES) as determined by social class, household income, ethnicity and education plays an important role in their development. As SD are associated with cognitive impairment and mood disorders, they in turn impact SES. Socioeconomic status also influences allostatic load caused by chronic accumulation of stress throughout life. Environmental and psychological stressors have a direct effect on SD, and they are modulated by SES, in combination with comorbidities like obesity and cardiovascular disease. This review explores the recent theories about the influence of SES on the development of SD in the general population, whether or not occurring with comorbidities, and also focusses on the interplay between socioeconomic status, circadian rhythms, aging and clinical outcomes like metabolic diseases and cancer.
Sleep health, 2017
The current study examined the role of emotional distress in explaining racial/ethnic differences in unhealthy sleep duration. Data from the 2004-2013 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed using SPSS 20. Data were collected through personal household interviews in the United States. Of the total 261,686 participants (age≥18 years), 17.0% were black, 83.0% were white, and the mean age was 48 years (SE=0.04). To ascertain total sleep duration, participants were asked, "How many hours of sleep do you get on average in a 24-hour period?" Sleep duration was coded as short sleep (<7hours), average sleep (7-8hours), or long sleep (>8hours). Emotional distress-feeling sad, nervous, restless, hopeless, worthless, and burdened over a 30-day period-was measured using Kessler-6, a 6-item screening scale. Of the participants reporting significant emotional distress (4.0% black, 3.5% white), χ(2) analyses revealed that a higher percentage of blacks, compared with whites, ...
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the social determinants of sleep attainment. This study examines the relationship of race/ethnicity, socio-economic status (SES) and other factors upon sleep quality. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 9,714 randomly selected subjects was used to explore sleep quality obtained by self-report, in relation to socioeconomic factors including poverty, employment status, and education level. The primary outcome was poor sleep quality. Data were collected by the Philadelphia Health Management Corporation. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in the outcome for race/ethnicity (African-American and Latino versus White: unadjusted OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.24-2.05 and OR=1.65, 95% CI 1.37-1.98, respectively) and income (below poverty threshold, unadjusted OR=2.84, 95%CI 2.41-3.35). In multivariable modeling, health indicators significantly influenced sleep quality most prominently in poor individuals. After adjusting for socioeconomic factors (education, employment) and health indicators, the association of income and poor sleep quality diminished, but still persisted in poor Whites while it was no longer significant in poor African-Americans (adjusted OR=1.95, 95% CI 1.47-2.58 versus OR=1.16, 95% CI 0.87-1.54, respectively). Post-college education (adjusted OR=0.47, 95% CI 0.31-0.71) protected against poor sleep. CONCLUSIONS: A "sleep disparity" exists in the study population: poor sleep quality is strongly associated with poverty and race. Factors such as employment, education and health status, amongst others, significantly mediated this effect only in poor subjects, suggesting a differential vulnerability to these factors in poor relative to non-poor individuals in the context of sleep quality. Consideration of this could help optimize targeted interventions in certain groups and subsequently reduce the adverse societal effects of poor sleep.
Effect of ethnicity on sleep: complexities for epidemiologic research
Sleep, 2003
The goal of this study was to examine whether there were ethnic differences in polysomnographically recorded sleep, either in the controlled laboratory environment or in the home setting. Prospective study of ethnic differences in stress physiology and sleep. Two sleep recordings were performed on consecutive nights in a hospital-based sleep laboratory, followed 1 to 4 weeks later by a third sleep recording in the subject's home. 51 employed healthy adult subjects, aged 15 to 50 years. 24 self-identified as black, and 27 as white. None. Blacks had less slow wave sleep than did whites in both the sleep laboratory and in the home. Blacks had significantly more slow wave sleep at home compared to the hospital setting, while the reverse was true for whites. This location-by-ethnicity interaction could not be accounted for by depression ratings or social class. The home setting is generally considered to be more ecologically valid than the controlled hospital-based laboratory setting...
2019
The variations in socioeconomic status (SES) between different social classes of a population correspond to differences in accessibility to all resources available and able to improve global health. SES can influence global health trajectory for an individual or a community, depending if SES is low or high. Sleep is sensitive to environmental stimuli, as well as living conditions. Plenty of studies linked sleep complaints with mood disorders, allostatic load or circadian disruption; but very few or none investigated deeply what happened earlier to sleep depending of SES. While SES is now known as one of the main determinants for a good health and a good aging, its influence on sleep disorders (SD) is not well understood. SES is a concept, not directly observable but estimated using indicators like income, education, occupational status and area of living. Even if recent evidence suggested that few of SES indicators like occupational status are linked with sleep disturbances, the rel...
Socioeconomic Adversity and Women's Sleep: Stress and Chaos as Mediators
Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2014
We examined income-to-needs ratio, perceived economic well-being, and education and their relations with European and African American women's sleep (n = 219). Sleep was examined through actigraphy and self-reports. Income-to-needs ratio was related to sleep minutes. Perceived economic well-being and education were associated with subjective sleep problems. Perceived stress mediated relations between both income-to-needs ratio and economic well-being and subjective sleep problems. Chaos emerged as a mediator linking income-to-needs ratio and subjective sleep problems. African American women had fewer sleep minutes and lower sleep efficiency than European Americans, and more robust relations between economic well-being and stress was observed for European Americans. Findings highlight the importance of economic adversity for women's sleep and explicate some pathways of risk. In addition to a good diet and exercise, getting adequate, high-quality sleep is an essential health-promoting behavior. Sleep plays critical roles in emotion processing and regulation
Sleep Disturbances Are Mediators Between Socioeconomic Status and Health: a Scoping Review
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2022
Understanding the etiology of socioeconomic disparities in health could assist public health authorities in preventing the morbidity of socially disadvantaged individuals. We undertook a scoping review to test the hypothesis that poor sleep is located in the pathway from low socioeconomic status (SES) to poor health. After electronic database searching, we included observational studies with general population participants that presented mediation effects of sleep parameters on the association between SES levels and various health measures. For each comparison across studies, we charted total, direct, and indirect effects and mediation proportion and compared them by health outcome measure and by direction of mediation effect. Twenty articles met our inclusion criteria. Only half of the analyses yielded mediation effects in the expected direction, the rest being mostly non-significant. Sleep measures explained 29% of the SES-mental health gradient, but much lower proportions for other outcomes. More research is needed to clarify the impact of sleep on the social gradient in health.
Sleep symptoms, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic position
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 2013
Measurements and Results: Sociodemographics included age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, and immigration. Socioeconomics included poverty, education, private insurance, and food insecurity. Sleep symptoms assessed were sleep latency > 30 min, diffi culty falling asleep, sleep maintenance diffi culties, early morning awakenings, non-restorative sleep, daytime sleepiness, snorting/gasping, and snoring. Decreased reported problems for most symptoms were found among minorities, immigrants, and lower education levels. In general, in fully adjusted models, long sleep latency was associated with female gender, being black/African American, lower education attainment, no private insurance, and food insecurity. Diffi culty falling asleep, sleep maintenance diffi culties, early morning awakenings, and non-restorative sleep were also associated with female gender and food insecurity. Daytime sleepiness was seen in female and divorced respondents. Snorting/gasping was more prevalent among male, other-Hispanic/Latino, and 9 th -to 11 th -grade-level respondents. Snoring was prevalent among male, other-Hispanic/Latino, less-educated, and foodinsecure respondents. Conclusions: Sleep symptoms were associated with multiple sociodemographic and economic factors, though these relationships differed by predictor and sleep outcome. Also, reports depended on question wording. keywords: Insomnia, sleep disorders, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, health disparities Citation: Grandner MA; Petrov MER; Rattanaumpawan P; Jackson N; Platt A; Patel NP. Sleep symptoms, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic position. J Clin Sleep Med 2013;9(9):897-905.
Who gets the best sleep? Ethnic and socioeconomic factors related to sleep disturbance
Objectives: Lower socioeconomic status is associated with short or long sleep duration and sleep disturbance (e.g., sleep apnea), which are all related to increased mortality risk. General sleep complaints, however, which may better approximate symptoms as they are experienced, have not been examined in a large population sample. Methods: Sample consisted of n = 159,856 participants from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, representing 36 states/regions across the US. Sleep complaints were measured with a telephone survey item that assessed ‘‘trouble falling asleep,” ‘‘staying asleep” or ‘‘sleeping too much.” Data analysis utilized hierarchical logistic regression and Rao-Schott v2. Results: Asian respondents reported the least complaints, and Hispanic/Latino and Black/African-American individuals reported fewer complaints than Whites. Lower income and educational attainment was associated with more sleep complaints. Employment was associated with less sleep complaints and unemployment with more. Married individuals reported the least sleep complaints. Significant interactions with race/ethnicity indicate that the relationship between sleep complaints and marital status, income and employment differs among groups for men, and the relationship with education differs among groups for women. Conclusions: Rates of sleep complaints in African-American, Hispanic/Latino and Asian/Other groups were similar to Whites. Lower socioeconomic status was associated with higher rates of sleep complaint.
Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Race Are Associated With Adult Sleep
Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2010
Race and current socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with sleep. Parental education, a commonly studied component of childhood SES, is predictive of adult health outcomes; yet its impact on adult sleep remains unclear. In this study, the sleep of 128 Black and White adults was investigated. Participants with lower childhood SES (assessed via parental education) slept more time in Stage 2 sleep and less time in slow wave sleep (SWS) than those with higher childhood SES. Additionally, women from low childhood SES backgrounds took longer to fall asleep than women from high SES backgrounds. Black participants slept less time in SWS than their White counterparts and an age by race interaction was detected in the prediction of subjective sleep quality. Results were not mediated via current SES or health practices.