Nanoporous Materials: New Generation of Nitric Oxide Donors (original) (raw)

Therapeutic Application of Nitric Oxide in Cancer and Inflammatory Disorders, 2019

Abstract

Abstract The ability of porous solids to store significant amounts of small gas molecules at the interior of their nanopores has been explored in recent years for the storage/release of nitric oxide (NO) for potential therapeutic applications, since this molecule plays a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological functions associated with cardiovascular homeostasis, immune response to infections, wound repair, tumor biology, and pathology. Indeed, the delivery of NO in a controllable manner only at specific sites of the human body can lead to therapies for many diseases. However, due to its short half-life, its rapid diffusion, and its high reactivity, significant challenges remain before the full potential of NO therapy is achieved. Conventional molecular donors that release NO at a known rate are well known, but their application in actual therapies has been limited since they are unstable and soluble in physiological media impairing their direct application to localized NO delivery. Thus, solid materials that deliver NO locally to the surrounding milieu may be a good solution to develop new products and therapies. Several materials have been proposed as NO-releasing systems, including polymer dressings, nanoparticle platforms, liposomes, dendrimers, and more recently porous materials. In this context, nanoporous materials are a very interesting alternative because they can store and release NO at target sites in the human body. Porous materials such as zeolites, clays, titanosilicates, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with a variety of architectures and chemical compositions have been recently considered as NO donors, and this chapter contributes with an overview of the solids explored so far. The key parameters for designing an adequate structure, its mechanism for NO binding, and the first indicators of its potential therapeutic action are discussed, and possible further developments are suggested.

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