Migrations Impacts on Diminishing Lingual Heritage (original) (raw)
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Migration and Demolishing Lingual Heritage
Migration and Its Impacts on Demolishing Lingual Heritage: An In-depth Case Study of Mohajir Kashmiri Families in Pakistan
Socialization in post migration phase has a key role in shaping the behavior of the people towards a new place, culture, its market and practices. The socialization of children of migrant families creates potential impact(s) on the diminishing lingual heritage by taking active part in the schooling and interacting with other members of the society. The ‘Mohajirs’ (migrants) from rural setting come across the multiplicity which obviously blows on their socialization and especially the new generations are more exposed to such radical change which creates a chain process in the diminishment of lingual heritage. They, most often, lose their mother tongue and get socialized in other languages hence a serious gap is evident between the indigenous knowledge carried with native language and acceptance for the diversity, National and International language(s). This study explores the latent hazards faced by the migrants from rural setting and their impact(s) on the diminishing language. The present study has been conducted through a mix of qualitative and quantitative techniques including in-depth questionnaires on sample of 95 out-migrant families living in Rawalpindi and Islamabad selected using convenient sampling technique.
Socialization in post migration phase has a key role in shaping the behavior of the people towards a new place, culture, its market and practices. The socialization of children of migrant families creates potential impact(s) on the diminishing lingual heritage by taking active part in the schooling and interacting with other members of the society. The ‘Mohajirs’ (migrants) from rural setting come across the multiplicity which obviously blows on their socialization and especially the new generations are more exposed to such radical change which creates a chain process in the diminishment of lingual heritage. They, most often, lose their mother tongue and get socialized in other languages hence a serious gap is evident between the indigenous knowledge carried with native language and acceptance for the diversity, National and International language(s). This study explores the latent hazards faced by the migrants from rural setting and their impact(s) on the diminishing language. The present study has been conducted through a mix of qualitative and quantitative techniques including in-depth questionnaires on sample of 95 out-migrant families living in Rawalpindi and Islamabad selected using convenient sampling technique.
THE PROCESS OF ACQUIRING THE HERITAGE OR HOME LANGUAGE BY CHILDREN IN IMMIGRANT FAMILIES
International Journal of Multilingual Education, by Akram Khosravi, 2021
In this study, we are researching the impact of immigration on acquiring the heritage language in Iranian immigrant families to Georgia whose children age was between 3 to 15 years. The methodology used in this research is a survey study in the Iranian community, and the results methodology is questionnaires. According to the answers and the independent variable which is immigration, the result has shown that Iranian immigrant families to Georgia try to keep their heritage language even though some families were multinational. People are immigrating in the 21st century more than ever. This result is that people are being separated from their mother tongue and joining a new world and language. One of the challenges people face is how to preserve their heritage language while it faces a variety of obstacles that may be lost by its speakers. In this research, we study the effects of immigration on language knowledge from each side in addition to find out how the immigrant family’s children acquire languages.
Language Shift and Maintenance: A Case Study of Pakistani-American Family
International Journal of English Linguistics, 2020
This article investigated the language shifting and maintenance in daily life conversation of family resided in USA. The sources of data involved the participation of three generations, 7 members total in number, including 4 adults and 3 children. The observation was of observer participant type. The family was observed through video call, continually 10 hours a day in natural environment during 5 days period. Moreover, the interview was continued for 20 minutes, from 4 members of the family, 2 members from 1st generation and 2 members from 2nd. The collected data revealed that the second generation preferred to talk in L2-English but they switched to LI -Punjabi/Urdu when needed. First generation, the older ones talk in LI Punjabi /Urdu. They rarely switched to L2 to facilitate their younger generation mostly they tried to maintain their LI by code switching when interacting with each other even with their young family members. It was a pure qualitative study. Findings suggest that...
sjesr, 2020
Urbanization is a worldwide phenomenon in which people move to cities for multiple reasons. Before partition in 1947, the trend of urbanization in Pakistan was not so popular. However, after independence, this trend increased manifold. As urbanization increased, the migrants also started losing their precious native languages and other things related to culture. The present study also focuses on how the in-migration from rural to urban areas in Pakistan has caused a decline in the native language and culture of the migrants belonging to Murree. The sample of 142 people across the gender was selected from Murree, Pakistan. The participants had shifted to urban areas in the past and permanently settled in the city culture where Urdu, the national language was mostly dominant. The detailed open-ended ethnographic interviews of the participants revealed that the whole Pahari culture and Pahari language is under threat as a consequence of this urbanization.
International Journal of Multilingual Education, 2022
In this study, we are researching the impact of immigration on acquiring the heritage language in Iranian immigrant families to Georgia whose children age was between 3 to 15 years. The methodology used in this research is a survey study in the Iranian community, and the results methodology is questionnaires. According to the answers and the independent variable which is immigration, the result has shown that Iranian immigrant families to Georgia try to keep their heritage language even though some families were multinational. People are immigrating in the 21st century more than ever. This result is that people are being separated from their mother tongue and joining a new world and language. One of the challenges people face is how to preserve their heritage language while it faces a variety of obstacles that may be lost by its speakers. In this research, we study the effects of immigration on language knowledge from each side in addition to find out how the immigrant family’s chil...
Bilingual Education and Mobility in Pothwari and Pahari Families
Language use in family domain depends upon prevalent patterns across three-generations, gender status, education and residence of native speakers. They are also important indicators of language vitality and language loss. The present study employed theoretical framework of language use patterns in family and compared groups with different levels of literacy and geographic locations of speakers of Pothwari and Pahari language in the urban/rural suburbs of Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan. The findings of the study are based on the data gathered from the speakers (N= 297) who had moved to the city in search of better economic gains. A four-point Likert was employed to compute language use and language choice in family domain. It included language use patterns across grandparents, parents and siblings. The participants of the study were purposively selected through cross-sectional technique. The results of t test and ANOVA showed statistically significant variation across all the tested variables on the scale of language use patterns in the Pothwari and Pahari families. The findings also revealed inverse relation between the level of bilingual education and use of local language in the family domain.
Self-Perceptions of Heritage Language Shift Among Young Sindhis in Pune
2013
The Sindhi community in India numbers about 2.5 million and has settled in various parts of the country—mostly urban areas such as Mumbai, Pune, Delhi and Ahmedabad. Previous studies that have researched the linguistic habits of the Sindhi community in India (Khubchandani 1963, Daswani & Parchani 1978; Daswani 1985, Parchani 1998) largely suggest that there is progressive inter-generational heritage language shift among urban Sindhis, many of whom have adopted either English or Hindi as the home language. However, most of the literature regarding such shift is based on empirical data, and has stopped short of actively exploring the mindset of such Sindhis who have undergone heritage language shift. *** Hence, the present study aimed to find out from young Sindhis in Pune, India, who admitted to having undergone heritage language shift, what they thought were the reasons behind this shift. The thirteen informants selected by snowball sampling were all Sindhi women and men who admitted to having poor or extremely limited ability in Sindhi, were below 35 years of age, and had spent a majority of their life (>50%) in Pune. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with each of the informants, and the resulting data analysed using qualitative methods, namely thematic analysis. *** The views provided by these informants suggested that ability in a language was largely a function of three parameters – necessity, exposure and affinity. All informants rated their need for, exposure to and emotional attachment to the Sindhi language as low, resulting in correspondingly poor competence in Sindhi. *** Keywords: heritage language, language shift, Sindhi, thematic analysis
Mother, Mother Tongue, and Language Endangerment Process: An Exploratory Study
Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2022
There is no denying fact that many languages of the world are vanishing at an irrepressible pace, and the status quo of many indigenous languages in Pakistan is an accurate mirror to this reality. According to a UNESCO report, around 27 languages in Pakistan are in the danger zone. There are many causative factors behind this situation. One important factor can be the parents, not teaching their local languages to their young ones. This paper attempts to analyse the role of parents and especially mothers in the transmission and preservation of languages. The key aim is to locate whether or not; the mothers in Pakistani society are promoting their local or native dialects. For this purpose, a survey research is conducted. The tool of the study is a questionnaire that is disseminated to a sample population of mothers. The responses collected from a population sample (comprising of almost 270 mothers) exposes the fact that at present a great number of mothers and especially educated mo...