On a fourth-order envelope equation for deep-water waves (original) (raw)
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Deep-Water Waves: on the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation and its Solutions
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2013
We present a brief discussion on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation for modelling the propagation of the deep-water wavetrains and a discussion on its doubly-localized breather solutions, that can be connected to the sudden formation of extreme waves, also known as rogue waves or freak waves.
Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics Discussions, 2016
The nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS equation) describing weakly rotational wave packets in an infinity-depth fluid in the Lagrangian coordinates is derived. The vorticity is assumed to be an arbitrary function of the Lagrangian coordinates and quadratic in the small parameter proportional to the wave steepness. It is proved that the modulation instability criteria of the low-vorticity waves and deep water potential waves coincide. All the known solutions of the NLS equation for rogue waves are applicable to the low-vorticity waves. The effect of vorticity is manifested in a shift of the wave number in the carrier wave. In case of vorticity dependence on the vertical Lagrangian coordinate only (the Gouyon waves) this shift is constant. In a more general case, where the vorticity is dependent on both Lagrangian coordinates, the shift of the wave number is horizontally heterogeneous. There is a special case with the Gerstner waves where the vorticity is proportional to the square o...
Landau damping and coherent structures in narrow-banded 1+1 deep water gravity waves
Physical Review E, 2003
We study the nonlinear energy transfer around the peak of the spectrum of surface gravity waves by taking into account nonhomogeneous effects. In the narrow-banded approximation the kinetic equation resulting from a nonhomogeneous wave field is a Vlasov-Poisson type equation which includes at the same time the random version of the Benjamin-Feir instability and the Landau damping phenomenon. We analytically derive the values of the Phillips' constant alpha\alphaalpha and the enhancement factor gamma\gammagamma for which the narrow-banded approximation of the JONSWAP spectrum is unstable. By performing numerical simulations of the nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation we check the validity of the prediction of the related kinetic equation. We find that the effect of Landau damping is to suppress the formation of coherent structures. The problem of predicting freak waves is briefly discussed.
Nonlinear Effects in Gravity Waves Propagating in Shallow Water
Coastal Engineering Journal, 2012
Nonlinear energy transfers due to triad interactions change the characteristics of the wave-field in the shoaling region. The degree of nonlinear coupling is examined using numerical simulations based on an accurate set of deterministic evolution equations for the propagation of fully dispersive weakly nonlinear waves. The model validation, using existing experimental measurements for wave transformation over a shoal, showed that it accurately predicts nonlinear energy transfer for irregular waves with large wave-numbers. The bound higher harmonics and nonlinear statistical measures, i.e. the wave skewness and asymmetry, are well simulated by the model in both the shoaling and deshoaling regions. Numerical simulation of steep waves in shallow water with the Ursell number O(1), showed that nonlinear dispersion and phase locking lead to triad interactions even on a horizontal bottom. Nonlinear energy transfers in monochromatic waves lead to rapid spatial recurrence of the primary wave amplitudes. This is in contrast to the case of irregular waves where the Fourier coefficients of the wave-field do not recur due to the presence of innumerable interactions, which are expected to cancel resulting in no spatial evolution of the wave spectrum.
A numerical study of water-wave modulation based on a higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1985
In existing experiments it is known that the slow evolution of nonlinear deep-water waves exhibits certain asymmetric features. For example, an initially symmetric wave packet of sufficiently large wave slope will first lean forward and then split into new groups in an asymmetrical manner, and, in a long wavetrain, unstable sideband disturbances can grow unequally to cause an apparent downshift of carrier-wave frequency. These features lie beyond the realm of applicability of the celebrated cubic Schrodinger equation (CSE), but can be, and to some extent have been, predicted by weakly nonlinear theories that are not limited to slowly modulated waves (i.e. waves with a narrow spectral band). Alternatively, one may employ the fourth-order equations of Dysthe (1979), which are limited to narrow-banded waves but can nevertheless be solved more easily by a pseudospectral numerical method. Here we report the numerical simulation of three cases with a view to comparing with certain recent experiments and to complement the numerical results obtained by others from the more general equations.
On weakly nonlinear modulation of waves on deep water
Physics of Fluids, 2000
We propose a new approach for modeling weakly nonlinear waves, based on enhancing truncated amplitude equations with exact linear dispersion. Our example is based on the nonlinear Schrödinger ͑NLS͒ equation for deep-water waves. The enhanced NLS equation reproduces exactly the conditions for nonlinear four-wave resonance ͑the ''figure 8'' of Phillips͒ even for bandwidths greater than unity. Sideband instability for uniform Stokes waves is limited to finite bandwidths only, and agrees well with exact results of McLean; therefore, sideband instability cannot produce energy leakage to high-wave-number modes for the enhanced equation, as reported previously for the NLS equation. The new equation is extractable from the Zakharov integral equation, and can be regarded as an intermediate between the latter and the NLS equation. Being solvable numerically at no additional cost in comparison with the NLS equation, the new model is physically and numerically attractive for investigation of wave evolution.
On the stability of gravity waves on deep water
Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1990
This note presents numerical results on the stability of large-amplitude gravity waves on deep water. The results are then used to predict new two-dimensional superharmonic instabilities. They are due to collisions of eigenvalues of opposite signatures, confirming the recent condition for instability of .
A nonlinear Schrödinger equation for water waves on finite depth with constant vorticity
Physics of Fluids, 2012
A nonlinear Schrödinger equation for the envelope of two dimensional surface water waves on finite depth with non zero constant vorticity is derived, and the influence of this constant vorticity on the well known stability properties of weakly nonlinear wave packets is studied. It is demonstrated that vorticity modifies significantly the modulational instability properties of weakly nonlinear plane waves, namely the growth rate and bandwidth.