Housing policy and housing in socialist Мacedonia (original) (raw)
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The book deals with distinctive periods of housing policy and mechanisms of their implementation, as well as their impact on the territory of cities in Croatia from the socialist to the present period. It intersects the production of so-called societal housing during socialism with consequences of its privatization on today’s composition of tenure statuses and overall attitudes towards security of tenure and politics of housing. Book also maps housing affordability using the city of Zagreb as a case study and analises city public housing programs and their financial and institutional makeup as well as relation between planning practices, governance of city owned land and resources in relation to the affordability and accessibility of housing in the city.
801 Social Housing in Serbia: Dual Approach
1 ABSTRACT Examining Serbian housing policy in the past two decades which has been radically transfered from the communist version of "welfare state" to the neoliberal concept of housing market, this paper firstly identifies major subjects and activities in the field of social housing and systematizes kinds of action related to these activities. Sudden state's withdrawal from the housing matter, followed by the lack of land regulations and permanent economic crisis, caused almost unsolvable problem of adequate provision of housing for the most of the population in Serbia. The initial course, performed through privatisation of 98 % of public housing stock at the beginning of the last decade of the 20th century, took place apart from the few other housing policy initiatives and processes that were unconformably to each other. The state successively abandoned introduction of housing policy, untill it almost ran short of its institutional and active capacities that had bee...
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2003
The task of this research is to highlight the housing problems in SouthEastern Europe both at national and regional level, and to single out the lines for future reforms that will enable the adjustment to the European standards. The geographical scope of the research covers Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia (FYROM), and Romania 2. Because of information constraints, the authors applied a 'two-step approach'. First an 'issuepaper' has been prepared, summarizing the main challenges on the basis of existing publications and data, and containing a list of 'issues', which seem to be the most important for future reforms in housing in SouthEastern Europe (SEE). The 'issue paper' and a questionnaire have been submitted to politicians and experts in each country who prepared-with the exception of Albania-'position papers'. The research integrates the results of this process and provides suggestions for future reforms. 2 This chapter has been prepared as part of the Council of Europe's initiative 'Making SouthEastern Europe a Region of Social Cohesion', Thematic Network 5: Housing Problems in SouthEastern Europe. The authors would like to thank Dr. Tsenkova for her constructive comments on an earlier draft and for her kind assistance amidst competing commitments.
International Scientific Journal “Internauka”. Series: “Juridical Sciences”, 2023
The article, based on the sources of international law, examines the legal nature of the right to adequate housing and possible ways of implementing this basic right in the national legal space at the general theoretical level. The author notes that the right to adequate housing is a basic social human right. Being enshrined in the sources of International Law, the right to adequate housing has mainly ‘declarative properties’, which actualizes the problem of its implementation in the national legal space. The full implementation of this right largely conditions the effectiveness of Ukraine's renovation processes. Realization and enforcement of this right, in the author's opinion, in the national legal space is fraught with difficulties due to the complexity of national legal systems, especially in the context of ‘international-national’ relations. The author concludes that the right to adequate housing is a meritorious good, which excludes its commodification, but it cannot considered that it has no price. The author concludes that the operation of market institutions and, accordingly, property structures in the implementation of the right to adequate housing is subject to significant transformation. By its nature, the right to adequate housing closely linked to other rights that can realized in the context of inclusive institutions. At the same time, the author emphasizes that the theory of the right to the city can serve as a summarizing theory for ensuring the right to adequate housing and ensuring its implementation in the national legal space. The author argues that addressing the right to adequate housing requires strengthening the role of local communities and developing inclusive urban institutions, as this approach allows taking into account the moral externalities associated with the granting of this right.
Internauka, 2023
The article, based on the sources of international law, examines the legal nature of the right to adequate housing and possible ways of implementing this basic right in the national legal space at the general theoretical level. The author notes that the right to adequate housing is a basic social human right. Being enshrined in the sources of International Law, the right to adequate housing has mainly ‘declarative properties’, which actualizes the problem of its implementation in the national legal space. The full implementation of this right largely conditions the effectiveness of Ukraine's renovation processes. Realization and enforcement of this right, in the author's opinion, in the national legal space is fraught with difficulties due to the complexity of national legal systems, especially in the context of ‘international-national’ relations. The author concludes that the right to adequate housing is a meritorious good, which excludes its commodification, but it cannot considered that it has no price. The author concludes that the operation of market institutions and, accordingly, property structures in the implementation of the right to adequate housing is subject to significant transformation. By its nature, the right to adequate housing closely linked to other rights that can realized in the context of inclusive institutions. At the same time, the author emphasizes that the theory of the right to the city can serve as a summarizing theory for ensuring the right to adequate housing and ensuring its implementation in the national legal space. The author argues that addressing the right to adequate housing requires strengthening the role of local communities and developing inclusive urban institutions, as this approach allows taking into account the moral externalities associated with the granting of this right.
The Mixed housing Regime in Romanian State Socialism 2
Money, Markets, Forms of Socialism, 2022
Preoccupied with legitimizing the country's turn toward capitalism, anti-communist discourses in Romania are based, among others, on the assumption that state socialism eradicated all forms of private property while promoting central planning and state ownership. However, as my paper demonstrates, the development of the housing regime suggests the opposite. In my study I analyze the state socialist mixed housing system, using legislation and statistical data. As a first step, I take a critical position to transitology studies for their preoccupation with how an unregulated housing market was enabled and how the former housing system was dismantled. Then I clarify the central concepts used in my analysis. In the third section of my article, I discuss the constitutive role of housing in socialist and capitalist political economy and the transformation of state socialism into neoliberal capitalism. In the fourth part, I provide a detailed overview of the state socialist mixed housing system with the help of statistical data, contrasting it with the current, market-oriented housing regime. The paper concludes with the analysis of the state socialist mixed housing regime from two aspects: firstly, I discuss the connection between the state socialist mixed housing and property regime and the way the right to personal property and related policies outweighed the right to housing. Secondly, I am going to highlight the functioning of the state/ market mix through the distribution of homes. to the possibilities of a housing regime that may offer an alternative to the mechanisms of contemporary capitalism. The paper calls attention to the possibilities of a housing regime that may offer an alternative to the mechanisms of contemporary capitalism. By highlighting the pitfalls of the state socialist housing system, this analysis and its conclusions offer a few reference points that such an endeavor can use.
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In many aspects MCMH development in Serbia/Yugoslavia was unprecedented, determined by a growing and unacknowledged formation of a middle class in the context of Yugoslav socialism, and a widely proclaimed but elusive social ideal of “housing for all”. Two types of MCMH were the most prevalent in the period considered here (1945-1991): a multi-storey collective residential building, in or outside the city centre, and the individual private house, built in formal and informal or so-cold “wild” settlements. The Yugoslav housing experiment emerged mostly within the collective residential estates. The appropriation, innovation and even invention of different industrial building methods was further enhanced by excellent standards in urban planning and architectural design, exemplified in this study by selected MCMH cases in New Belgrade, Novi Sad, Bor and Subotica. Due to aging, lack of maintenance and the impoverishment of its inhabitants, the present state of this large housing stock is poor, its future uncertain, and yet, its lessons are of vital importance today.
Housing as a Basic Need for Human
2018
PURPOSE: The purpose of this research paper is to examine analyzing and outlining the growth of the housing industry and its rights. The main purpose is to eliminate the problem related to the relevancy and application of housing complexities and its systems across the world. DESIGN OR METHODOLOGY: This paper is set out according to the principle instruments and the rights of development of housing regional and other related bodies. The analysis of the housing system is basically organized on the basis of housing system of development and channels and networks of legal and lawful means of professional concerns and their domains. FINDINGS: All across the world the rights for housing is being considered as a lawful and constitutional concerned nationally and internationally. The findings also suggest the significance of housing rights and the conceptual frame work of human rights effect the implementation. Professional epistemic community development of the housing shape the policies ...
Urban Patterns of Housing in Post‐Socialist Serbia: Between Planning, Law and Reality
2016
Housing has always been considered to be a very complex urban function, where the social aspect of private-life sensitivity confronts the economic fact of every housing unit as a commodity. This confrontation is even more significant if it is known that housing is also the spatially most demanding urban function, usually exceeding city limits and tackling both the urban and regional level. Thus, every society tries to make a balance of these aspects of housing through various measures in legislation, planning and property management. But, what happens when this balance stops working? A good example is present-day Serbia, as a typical post-socialist country with many unexpected and sudden “transitional” changes. The consequences are fragile and underdeveloped legislative, planning and strategic systems in Serbia, which are the important culprits for the present state in housing. For example, the main legislative act, the national law on housing is very old for transitional circumstan...