Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Sleep Disturbances in Community-Dwelling Older Men (original) (raw)

Relationship between objective and subjective sleep measures in depressed patients and healthy controls

Depression and Anxiety, 1997

The purpose of this study was to correlate subjective sleep characteristics based on questionnaire response, and objective sleep EEG features based on polysomnography, in 52 patients with major depressive disorders (MDD) and 49 healthy controls. With the exception of the number of awakenings, subjective and objective sleep measures were strongly correlated in both groups. Patients and controls were able to accurately judge time in bed, total sleep time and sleep latency. However, sleep quality, depth, and how rested participants felt upon awakening were not strongly correlated with objective sleep characteristics, particularly in those with MDD. The findings suggest that estimates such as total sleep time and sleep latency, obtained from questionnaire data, bear a strong resemblance to objective polysomnographic characteristics in both those with MDD and healthy controls. Patients with MDD do not show sleep-state misperceptions although depressed women are more accurate in estimating sleep characteristics than depressed men. Depression and Anxiety 5:97-102, 1997.

Sleep is undisturbed in elderly, depressed individuals who have not sought health care

Biological Psychiatry, 1990

Sleep deficits are commonly found in geriatric depressed patients, particularly shortened rapid eye movements (REM) latency, disturbed sleep continuity, and decreased slow wave sleep (SWS). Here we report the sleep patterns of community volunteers responding to ads about memory loss and depression. The two groups, 24 geriatric-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) subjects with a minimal history of seeking treatment for depression and 24 gender-and age-matched control subjects, significantly differed from each other on only one measure of sleep--sleep latency; the MDD group showed a modest but significant shortening of latency to fall asleep. All other sleeplwake measures, including REM latency, temporal distribution of REM sleep across the night, SW~, and measures of nighttime wakefulness did not differ between groups. This lack of significant sleep disturbance suggests that the sleep deficits reported in many studies of major depression may be related to factors underlying treatment-seeking behaviors, physical health status, severity of the depression, or heterogeneity within the MDD population with some types seeking treatment and others not seeking it, rather than depressive state per se. The data indicate that community-dwelling healthy elderly individuals who have a diagnosed major depression but who have not actively sought health care do not necessarily manifest the sleep disturbances thought to be characteristic of major depressive illness.

Temporal sleep patterns between healthy and depressed individuals

International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2017

Background: Individuals with depression differ in their sleep patterns from healthy subjects. However, there are no studies that compare the temporal sleep patterns between healthy and depressed people or explore the relations between depressive symptomatology and physical activity levels. This study is an attempt to address this gap. Method: Participants recruited were 20 healthy and 20 depressed individuals. Data related to sleep-wake patterns, and activity levels were collected over four weeks using actigraph device (Actiwatch 2) and depressive symptoms were collected using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) and Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS) questionnaire. The data for the two groups were compared using t-tests. Correlation analyses were employed to test for associations between depressive symptoms, activity level and sleep patterns for each group. Result: The depressed group had significantly higher scores for depression, longer total sleep time, and lower level of activity compared to the healthy group. Sleep onset latency (SOL) was significantly correlated with the anxiety subscale of DASS, the depression score as measured by QIDS, and the activity level in the depressed group. The positive association between activity level and SOL was anomalous, and did not reflect the expected pattern seen in healthy individuals. Conclusion: The depressed group was confirmed to have significantly higher levels of depression, stress and anxiety, and lower level of physical activity. Increased anxiety and depression predicted delayed sleep onset. Depressive symptoms may have masked the expected relation between physical activity and SOL seen in healthy individuals.

Sleep disturbances and depression

Sleep disturbances are frequently a symptom of depression. Patients with mood disorders were found to have more robust changes across more sleep parameters than did patients with other disorders or healthy controls. The association between depression and disturbed sleep has been well documented in both clinical and epidemiologic studies. Adequately addressing sleep disturbance is particular relevant for these patients, as there is some evidence that the presence of sleep complaint is associated with greater severity of patient’s primary condition. There is both objective and subjective evidence that sleep is disturbed in depressed patients. Subjective assessments of sleep in patients with depression tend to confirm objective measures (polysomnographic recordings). Interesting findings derive from the study of sleep microstructure and in particular Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP). It’s also important to consider that many medications used to treat depression may disturb sleep. Given a clear association between sleep disturbances and depression, a number of important clinical issues remain to be elucidated in order to improve diagnosis, allow for better treatment decisions and aid in the development of new therapies.

Depression and Sleep Issues in Aging: A Prospective Study

Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences

Clinical research has demonstrated a strong link between sleep issues and depression. Objective: To evaluate depression and sleep issues in aging. Methods: A subset of the Alameda County (California) Study's questionnaires from 1994 and 1995 (N=2,370) had data on major depressive episode symptoms and sleep issues. The authors examined a number of variables, including ages, sex, education, relationship status, social isolation, functional disability, financial difficulties, and alcohol consumption. Twelve items covering the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV as a criterion for severe, moments of depression i.e. sleeplessness and hypersomnia, were used to quantify depression. Results: In 1994, the prevalence of insomnia were 23.1% and hypersomnia were 6.7%. Depression was significantly predicted by sleep, gender, old age, social isolation, low education, financial instability, and physical handicap. Sleep issues and depression were evaluated prospectively wit...

Short sleep is associated with more depressive symptoms in a multi-ethnic cohort of older adults

Sleep medicine, 2017

To evaluate cross-sectional and prospective associations between short and long sleep duration and depressive symptoms in older adults (aged >65 years). The data from a subsample of the racially/ethnically diverse Northern Manhattan Study were analyzed. Depressive symptoms were assessed twice with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), approximately 5 years apart. The presence of depressive symptoms was defined as a CES-D score ≥16 or use of antidepressants. Self-reports of short (<6 h), intermediate (6-8 h) and long (≥9 h) sleep were assessed prior to the initial CES-D. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the cross-sectional associations between short and long sleep durations with depressive symptoms, using intermediate sleep as the reference. The prospective association between sleep duration and depression in a sample of participants without depressive symptoms at first CES-D was also analyzed. All models were adjusted for demographic, behaviora...

Insomnia and Daytime Sleepiness Are Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly

SLEEP, 2000

Sleep as Risk Factors for Depression-Jaussent et al there has been accumulating evidence to suggest that the sleep disorder precedes depression, as non-depressed subjects with a family history of depression commonly have disturbances of REM sleep. 4 Physiological hypotheses have implicated genes associated with both the monoamine and circadian systems, 5-7 related to stress-induced arousal responses and subsequent overactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, 8 or alternatively mediated by an increased activation of REM sleep mechanisms. The association may also be bi-directional. Prospective studies are required to clarify cause-and-effect relationships 10 and determine whether sleep disturbances are premorbid traits or independent risks factor for depression. Studies of older adults have the advantage of high rates of both incident depressive symptomatology and sleep disturbance, with genetic risk most likely to have been expressed. The very few prospective studies in older adults that have been conducted to date have been limited by their short follow-up (one or two years) and failure to differentiate insomnia from excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) as potential risk factors for depression, 11,13,15 although each may have distinct consequences on depressive symptoms (DEP-s). Insomnia is frequently associated with sleepiness in elderly subjects and both may have deleterious consequences on health and everyday functioning. However, little is known specifically about either EDS or insomnia, particularly the components of the insomnia phenotype, i.e., Study Objectives: Previous studies have reported that insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) may predict depression in adults. However, these associations have not been investigated in community-dwelling elderly taking into account insomnia symptoms, EDS, and sleep medication. Design: Four-year longitudinal study. Setting: The French Three-City Study. Participants: 3824 subjects aged ≥ 65 years and free of depressive symptoms at baseline. Measurements and Results: Questionnaires were used to evaluate "insomnia symptoms," EDS, and sleep medication at baseline. Depressive symptoms (DEP-s) were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale at baseline, and at 2-year and 4-year follow-up.

Depressive Symptoms and Subjective and Objective Sleep in Community-Dwelling Older Women

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2012

Objectives-To examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and subjective and objective sleep in older women. Design-Cross-sectional. Setting-Four US clinical centers. Participants-3045 community-dwelling women ≥70 years. Measurements-Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale categorizing participants as "normal" (0-2, referent), "some depressive symptoms" (3-5), or "depressed" (≥6). Subjective sleep quality and daytime sleepiness were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Objective sleep measures were assessed with wrist actigraphy. Results-In multivariable-adjusted models, there were graded associations between increased level of depressive symptoms and both worse subjective sleep quality and more subjective