Comparison of plantar pressure distribution between different heel heights during incline treadmill walking (original) (raw)
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The plantar loading variations to uphill and downhill gradients during treadmill walking
Foot & ankle international, 2000
The purpose of the study was to examine the plantar loading changes during 5 gradient conditions on a treadmill (-15%, -8.5%, Level, 8.5%, 15%) for 20 participants using the Pedar in-shoe pressure measurement system. The measurement system uses EMED insoles, each consisting of 99 capacitive sensors, sampled at 50 Hz. Data was collected from the last 20 seconds at each gradient condition while participants walked. As the treadmill gradient increased, loading (peak pressure [PP] and peak force [PF]) increased in the hallux and 1st metatarsal regions and decreased in the heel region. With negative gradients, loading (PP and PF) increased in the heel region and decreased in the 4th and 5th metatarsal regions.
Effect of shod walking on plantar pressure with varying uphill gradients
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences
Background: Uphill walking is biomechanically stressful. Changes in plantar pressure, is one of the important predictors of this stress and increased risk of foot injuries. It has been reported that civilians as well as different occupational workers have to walk over uphill gradient with footwear which may cause changes in plantar pressure. Till date published data on plantar pressure is not available of Indian population during shod walking with uphill gradients. Aims and Objective: The present study was aimed to generation of data base on plantar pressure and find out the effect of shod walking (wearing occupational boot) on plantar pressure at different uphill gradients. Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy male participated in this study. Plantar pressure was recorded using the pressure measurement system during walking at 4 km/hr speed on treadmill at level and different uphill gradients. Results: It was observed that the PP at all the five regions of both right and left foot...
Journal of Sports Science …, 2010
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of changes in speed and incline slope on plantar pressure distribution of the foot during treadmill jogging. Plantar pressure parameters were measured with the Pedar-X system in twenty healthy girls (mean age of 20.7 years, mean height of 1.60m, and a mean weight of 53.35kg). Because variations in walking speed or slope can significantly change the magnitude of plantar pressure, comparisons of plantar pressure distribution between the two independent protocols during treadmill jogging were considered in this study. First, the subjects ran at the same speed of 2 m•s-1 with different incline slopes of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. Second, they ran on the same slope of 0% with different speeds of 1.5 m•s-1 , 2.0 m•s-1 , and 2.5 m•s-1. The peak pressure of the eight plantar surface areas, apart from the medial forefoot and the hallux, significantly increased (p < 0.05) with an increase of 33% of peak pressure from 1.5 m•s-1 to 2.5 m•s-1 (speed) at heel region. In contrast, the peak pressures at the heel, medial forefoot, toe and hallux decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing incline slope. At the heel, peak pressure reduced by 27% from 0% to 15% incline, however, pressure at the lateral midfoot region increased as following. Different speeds and incline slopes during jogging were associated with changes in plantar pressures. By systematic investigation of foot kinematics and plantar pressure during jogging with varying incline slope and speed, the results of this study provided further insight into foot biomechanics during jogging.
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery, 2020
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the influences of high-heeled shoe (HHS) parameters on gait cycle, center of pressure (COP) trajectory, and plantar pressure in young females. Methods: Twenty healthy adult females were recruited to participate in this study. Subjects walked on a treadmill at a fixed speed (1 m/s). Overall, six pairs of HHSs were evaluated, presenting two heel types (thin and thick) and three different heel heights (low: 3 cm, medium: 6 cm, and high: 8.2 cm). Subjects also wore flat shoes (heel height: 0.2 cm) as the control group. Results: The gait cycle, COP parameters, peak pressure (PP), maximum force, contact area (CA), and force–time integral (impulse) were measured. The comparison between these parameters when the volunteers wore thick heel and flat shoes at different walking conditions indicated that thin heels caused a significant increase in the pre-swing parameter, CA, and PP of the first toe and first metatarsus. Increased heel heights yielded sma...
Kinematic and Kinetic Analysis of Walking with High Heel Shoes for Young Female
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2010
High heeled shoes may alter the regular loading pattern of the plantar pressure, especially increased in the forefoot area. Walking with narrow base of high heeled shoes may induce the brisk acceleration of the supported leg due to instability that increases the force on the plantar area. Particularly, this phenomenon may be amplified while slow running, but never been investigated. Materials and Methods: Plantar pressures were measured for different specific area of foot using the Pedar-X system. The effects on plantar pressure with different sized bases (1:2 Â 1:2 cm 2 and 2:2 Â 3:5 cm 2 ) of high-heeled shoe (7.8 cm in height) were examined while walking in thirteen healthy female subjects and during slow running in nine healthy female subjects. Results: The plantar pressures of the hallux and toe while wearing narrow base high heel were significantly (p < 0:05) greater than those when walking with wearing wide base one. For both narrow and wide base heels, significantly increased (p < 0:05) plantar pressure were found in the medial forefoot while slow running at 2.0 m/s as compared with walking at 1.0 m/s and 1.5 m/s. While slow running with wearing narrow base high heel indicated significantly (p < 0:05) increased plantar pressures in the medial, central and lateral forefoot and toes regions compared with those with wearing wide base one. Conclusion: The findings suggest that if individuals have to wear high heeled shoes, it would be better to select one with a wide based heel to avoid running in at any circumstance.
Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, 2011
The aim of this study was to investigate the foot plantar pressure distribution and the effect of different step width during walking. Methods: Nineteen female volunteers who aged 18~30 years old and with no history of lower extremity injury were considered. Subjects walked at a pre-determined set speed with varied step width (5 cm, 10 cm, and 20 cm) for three trials at each step width. This study used an in-sole plantar pressure measurement system to collect the peak pressure, maximum ground reaction force, pressure–time integral, and force–time integral data of eight different foot regions. Results: The data revealed that the peak plantar foot pressure on the medial arch increased with wider step width (p < 0.05). In contrast, maximum ground reaction force, peak plantar pressure, pressure–time integral, and force–time integral on the lateral arch and lateral side of the metatarsals decreased with wider step width (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed tha...
Comparison of Plantar Load When Running on Treadmill and on Cement and Grass Overground Surfaces
ISBS - Conference Proceedings Archive, 2012
The objective of this study was to compare plantar loads during running on a treadmill and on concrete and grass surfaces. Sixteen experienced heel-to-toe runners participated in the study. Plantar loads were collected using a Novel Pedar insole sensor system during running at 3.8 m/s. Compared with running on the two other surfaces, treadmill running showed a lower magnitude of maximum plantar pressure and maximum plantar force for the total foot, maximum plantar pressure for the two toe regions, maximum plantar force for the medial forefoot and the two toe regions, and longer absolute contact time at the two toe regions (p<0.05). The results suggest that treadmill running may be useful in early rehabilitation programs. Patients with injuries in their lower extremities may benefit from the reduction in plantar loads.
Quantitative Analysis of Foot Plantar Pressure During Walking
Medical Science Monitor
Background: There are many methods of dynamic analysis of foot loading, however, we still need a simple, easily applicable system for foot plantar pressure analysis. In this study we asked the question: "Can a new system for foot evaluation, the ITE System, provide a good quantitative dynamic foot pressure analysis? Can it be used in clinical practice?". Material/Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers, 8 females and 12 males, aged 20 to 25 years old took part in this study. Normal static foot loading was tested using a typical pedobarographic platform, followed by a dynamic analysis using the foot-pressure ITE System. A new algorithm for data analysis (from 8 sensors) was proposed. Results: The sum of all maximal values from sensors was 11.71 N mean, with relatively low standard deviation (SD) of 1.81. Loading of sensor 1 (heel) was the highest-on average 29.84%. Sensor 2 (medial midfoot) received the lowest loading-normal range for this segment would be 0-4%. The manner of loading heel/toes, dynamics of changes in loading during gait was quite diverse; when analyzing courses of changes on sensors, 4 gait patterns were observed. Conclusions: Use of the ITE System creates a new possibility for dynamic foot evaluation, drawing from pedobarography and methods of gait analysis. The proposed data analysis algorithm is simple and can be applied in all cases. Normally, 30% of the sum of all pressures during stance phase falls on the rearfoot; 39% falls on forefoot.
Investigation of foot plantar pressure: Experimental and numerical analysis
2010
The analysis of interaction phenomena occurring between the plantar region of the foot and insole was investigated using a combined experimental-numerical approach. Experimental data on the plantar pressure for treadmill walking of a subject were obtained using the Pedar Ò system. The plantar pressure resultant was monitored during walking and adopted to define the loading conditions for a subsequent static numerical analysis. Geometrical configuration of the foot model is provided on the basis of biomedical images. Because the mechanical behaviour of adipose tissues and plantar fascia is the determinant factor in affecting the paths of the plantar pressure, specific attention was paid to define an appropriate constitutive model for these tissues. The numerical model included sole and insole, providing for friction contact conditions between foot-insole and insole-sole pairs as well. Two different numerical analyses were performed with regards to different loading conditions during the gait cycle. The plantar pressure peaks predicted by the numerical model for the two loading conditions are 0.16 and 0.12 MPa, and 0.09 and 0.12 MPa in the posterior and anterior regions of the foot, respectively. These values are in agreement with experimental evidence, showing the suitability of the model proposed.