A good TACTIC for lexicographical work: football terms encoded in TEI Lex-0 (original) (raw)
Related papers
football terms encoded in TEI Lex-0
2020
UIDB/00749/2020 UIDP/00749/2020Terms are a significant part of lexicographical nomenclatures in general language dictionaries. In this paper, we focus on how football terms are treated in three Academy Dictionaries – Portuguese, French, and Spanish – and draw some conclusions about the lexicographical decisions taken in the three languages. After identifying every position football players can have on the field, we verify whether the dictionaries above include these terms. We propose the TEI encoding of the term “defesa” (defence), which designates a position occupied by football players on the field. Bearing in mind concepts such as reusability and interoperability, we intend to present: 1) a comparison of football terms in the three dictionaries; 2) TEI Lex-0 dictionary encoding, a streamlined standard to facilitate interoperability; 3) a consistent TEI modelling and description of the microstructural elements of lexicographical entries. In the end, we draw some conclusions.publis...
Lexikos, 2023
Over time, dictionaries have been adapted to meet users' consultation needs. As a result, other types of data such as instructions or specialised explanations have been included in these works in order to fulfil their purpose. It is in this context that operative lexicographical tools are produced, although such tools have traditionally received very little attention from a metalexicographic point of view. Through the analyses of 5 existing dictionaries and other reference works from the 18th to the 20th centuries regarding equestrianism, football and fencing, this article shows that many lexicographical information tools in Spanish were indeed produced to satisfy the need for practical knowledge through instructions (operative need). Based on this finding, this article argues that the operative function of lexicography deserves a place in lexicographical theory and lexicographical academic literature. An interesting finding that emerges from these analyses is that almost all the dictionaries analysed are polyfunctional, and they share a list of characteristics based on their typology, media and historical moment that can help to make clear the importance of the operative function in the Spanish lexicographical tradition. Furthermore, on the basis of the above analyses, several answers are given to guide future research on operative lexicographical products.
International Journal of English Studies, 2011
There is no question nowadays as to the international and powerful status of English at a global scale and, consequently, as to its presence in non-English speaking countries at different levels. Linguistically speaking, English is one of the languages which have mostly influenced Spanish throughout its history and especially from the late 1960s. In this study, the impact of English on Spanish is considered in the language of sports; particularly, sports Anglicisms and false Anglicisms are analysed. Due attention is paid to the different forms that an Anglicism may adopt and to which of those forms are more widely accepted or rejected by prescriptivists and speakers at large, in the light of a contrastive analysis of their appearance in the Nuevo diccionario de anglicismos, the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española and the Corpus de Referencia del Español Actual.
Structural and Derivational Parameters of the Sports Terminology
RESEARCH TRENDS IN MODERN LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE
The paper is grounded upon the fact that the amount of vocabulary in the English language is expending and growing quickly, as its constant development and enrichment are both an obligatory condition and a direct consequence of the progress in the particular branches of human activity. It has been accentuated that all terms, fulfilling the applied function of the tools of cognition and means of fixing scientific and technological progress, are unified and fixed in the language. Based on this, the classification of terms has been done according to normativity – non-normativity. Grounding on the number of already existing definitions, we understand a terminological phrase as a semantically integral word combination of two and more words connected by prepositions, or asyndetically. The correlation concerning the morphological structure of terms demonstrates a clearly expressed tendency of derivation being used as the main way of word-building in the development of sports terminological...
Papéis: Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos de Linguagens - UFMS, 2020
This article aims to study the lexical choices in a set of news published by the British newspaper The Guardian. I seek to discuss whether there was a transformation in lexical choices in sports news articles published during the last five World Cups. This research is motivated by the fact that there is plenty of research in the field of multimodality that explore such transformation. However, little is discussed if the change in the newspaper's technological environment has also affected the lexical choices within this media. Data were collected from the newspaper's API, based on the World Cup dates between 2002 and 2018. The corpora are representative of the sports news genre within the context of the newspaper studied since the script collected all articles in the period. Analysis and data collection were performed using scripts written in R programming language. Wordlists were processed by statistical relevance, cluster dendrograms and co-occurrence networks in each of the text groups. Examples were obtained employing concordancers, also using the R language. The results show consistency amongst the corpora of the five World Cups, with room for some contextual variation that does not influence the definition of the genre. An initial conclusion is that, at least in the publication and genre studied, the transposition to the Internet has not caused a change in lexical choices.
Alicante Journal of English Studies, 2019
This study has the objective of presenting fifty-three (53) football-related Anglicisms found in Spanish texts published between 1868 and 1903. Using heuristics in various texts and documents digitalized, a corpus was built using the Reglamento de football (1902), adopted by the Asociación Clubs de Football de Barcelona, Antonio Viada's Manual del Sport (1903), and general and specialized texts taken from newspapers, like La Vanguardia. This study on fifty-three Anglicisms found between 1868 and 1903 aims to be a lexical contribution to the history of Spanish language and to the Historical Dictionary of Football Terms in Spanish (DHTF, in Spanish), currently in progress.
Semantics of the compound nouns with a somatic component in German sports discourse
Semantics of the compound nouns with a somatic component in German sports discourse, 2019
The present paper investigates semantics of human body part names (BPN) in languages of different structure. The lexemes under study are characterised by a high level of polysemy, frequent occurrence and primary role in the processes of world perception and categorisation. The empirical data comprise 438 lexemes (expressing 1438 meanings), which were analysed in seven languages of different structure (related and unrelated) from two language families: Indo-European (featuring such language groups as Germanic (English and German), Romance (Spanish), Balto-Slavonic (Latvian, Ukrainian and Russian)) and Japanese-Ryukyuan (featuring Japanese). The data are analysed within the framework of meronymy relation and highlight the universal features of semantic change in the compared languages, thus presenting a model for more extensive and complex studies of the semantic potential of basic lexical units. The research is based upon the methodology of classical semantics and typology as well as contrastive lexical studies, and is aimed at revealing the nature of semantic universals and regularities in the process of BPN semantic development. The lexical units under analysis are generalised and systematically investigated using contrastive analysis and linguistic description, whilst their semantic structure is thoroughly described with the help of componential analysis. The paper focuses on the classification of their regular semantic change mechanisms and juxtaposes the cross-linguistic similarities as well as differences in semantics of body part names. The relation of meronymy reveals interdependence with that of polysemy. The introduced index of polysemy helps to compare the potential for polysemy development in the languages under analysis. The conducted research enables the formulation of semantic universals and regularities within BPN polysemy development in languages of different structure as well as the creation of a semantic typology of BPN in related and unrelated languages. The analysis is supplemented with the statistical data allowing for the verification of the results. The main principles of this research may be applied to different thematic groups of lexis, contributing to further development of semantic language typology worldwide.
Sports Terminology as a Source of Synonymy in Language: the Case of Czech
Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses
Modern sports and their terminologies in European and other languages have been strongly influenced by English. The reason is that some of the most popular sports originating in Anglophone countries have been exported to other countries together with established terminology. There are several possibilities of how to transfer terminology into recipient languages: to borrow and adapt original English terms, to use vernacular terms, or to do both. For the purposes of the study, 100 essential terms were selected for three different Anglophone sports, association football, tennis and golf, and all their Czech equivalents were gathered using available sources. It was assumed that a typical development involves the adoption of an Anglicism which is subsequently either replaced or supplemented by a vernacular term or terms. It was found that the 300 English terms are matched by the total of 540 equivalents. Thus, the results confirm the Anglicism-to-vernacular shift as a potent source of sy...