Recovery of manganese and nickel from polymetallic manganese nodule using commercial extractants (original) (raw)
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Advanced Review on Extraction of Nickel from Primary and Secondary Sources
Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2018
In this review, resources of nickel and status of different processes/technologies in vogue or being developed for extraction of nickel and associated metals from both primary and secondary resources are summarized. Nickel extraction from primary resources such as ores/minerals (sulfides, arsenides, silicates, and oxides) including the unconventional one viz., the polymetallic sea nodules, and various secondary resources has been examined. Though sulfide ores after concentration are generally treated by the pyrometallurgical route, most processes for lateritic ores deal with either the acid leaching at ambient temperature and pressure, or high pressure, and a few based on the microbial treatment and owing to the extensive research on laterites, a special emphasis is put forth in this review. Prominent sources that are covered in some detail include the solid wastes like spent batteries viz., end-of-life nickelcadmium (NiCd) and nickel metal hydride (NiMH), spent catalysts, and spent/scrap superalloys, and liquid wastes such as copper bleed stream and electroplating effluents. In particular pre-treatment of the spent nickel-based batteries, leaching of metals from the electrode materials in different lixiviants, besides separation/solvent extraction of nickel/other metals from the leach liquors, are highlighted.
The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1994
Ferromanganese deep sea nodules of the Indian Ocean have recently been recognised as a potential source of metals like copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese. For the treatment of the sea nodules following the reduction roast-ammonia leach process, the leach liquor containing copper, nickel and cobalt was processed to separate and recover these metals by solvent extraction (SX) using 25% LIX 64N in kerosene. Almost quantitative extraction of copper and nickel was realized in a continuous run. During nickel stripping, the small amount of copper in the nickel solution was removed by incorporating a copper extraction step using 10% LIX 64N in kerosene. The purified pregnant nickel electrolyte was electrowon in a non-diaphragm cell. Copper was similarly recovered by electrowinning (EW). A closed circuit of SX-EW was run to produce cathodes of nickel and copper with energy consumptions of 3.85 and 2.01 kWhlkg for the respective metals. Les nodules de ferromangankse des eaux profondes de I'OcCan Indien ont CtC reconnus ricemrnent comme Ctant une source potentielle de mCtaux tels le cuivre, le nickel, le cobalt et la mangankse. Pour le traitement des nodules marins suivant le procBdC de rkduction par lavage I'ammoniac grille, la liqueur de lavage contenant du cuivre, du nickel et du cobalt a ktC traitCe pour &parer et rCcupCrer ces mBtaux par extraction des solvants (S X) avec 25% de LIX 64N dans du kkroskne. L'extraction quasi totale du cuivre et du nickel a CtC rhlisCe en fonctionnement continu. Lors de I'extraction du nickel, la faible quantiti de cuivre dans la solution de nickel a CtC retirCe en introduisant une Ctape d'extraction avec 10% de LIX 64N dans du kCros8ne. L'blectrolyte purifiC riche en nickel a subit une extraction par la mCthode Clectrolytique dans une cellule sans diaphragme. Le. cuivre a CtC extrait Cgalement de faqon Clectrolytique (E W). Un circuit fermB de SX-EW a CtC rCalis6 pour produire des cathodes de nickel et de cuivre avec des consommations d'tnergie respectives de 3,85 et 2,Ol kWhlkg.
IJERT-A Review on Solvent Extraction of Nickel
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2014
https://www.ijert.org/a-review-on-solvent-extraction-of-nickel https://www.ijert.org/research/a-review-on-solvent-extraction-of-nickel-IJERTV3IS091089.pdf Nickel in waste streams causes environmental problems and due to its wide applications apart from extracting from primary sources it is required to be recovered from secondary sources. It is available in both leach liquors from ores and in secondary sources at lower pH. Most of the work in hydrometallyrgy is related to extract metals at pH as low as possible. Nickel extractions with different extractants are facing one or another problem. Along with pH other factors to be considered for examining suitability of extractant are distribution coefficients, selectivity, extraction and stripping, selectivity, effect of additives, effect of temperature, maximum loading capacities etc. This paper discusses extractants and approaches for nickel extraction considering all above factors.
International Journal of Nonferrous Metallurgy, 2015
In the present paper, separation of nickel and cobalt in ammonia-ammonium carbonate solution that simulates pregnant leach solution of Caron Process by solvent extraction using LIX 84-ICNS was studied. LIX 84-ICNS is a novel extractant which is still being studied, especially for nickel and cobalt separation in ammonia-ammonium carbonate solution. A series of solvent extraction tests were performed at various equilibrium pH, temperature, extractant concentration, and volume ratio of organic to aqueous solution (O/A ratio). The investigation results show that the highest nickel and cobalt extraction percentages of 99.8% and 90.3% were obtained from the extraction test at equilibrium pH of 8.75, temperature of 55˚C, extractant concentration of 40% (v/v) and O/A ratio of 1/1, respectively. Oxidation of cobalt in aqueous solution prior to extraction is needed to minimize co-extraction of cobalt. Co-extracted cobalt can be decreased from 90.3% to 30.3% by mixing 1% (v/v) H2O2 in aqueous solution prior to the extraction stage. It was found that nickel and cobalt extractions by LIX 84-ICNS are endothermic processes with enthalpy changes of +171.03 and +7.64 kJ/mole, respectively. Based on constructed McCabe-Thiele Diagram, nickel extraction level of more than 99.9% can be obtained in 2 stages at O/A ratio of 0.5. The highest stripping percentages of nickel and cobalt of 98.82% and 3.16%, respectively were obtained at 200 g/l H 2 SO 4 as stripping agent.
Minerals Engineering, 2009
The Laboratory of Metallurgy of the National Technical University of Athens has developed and patented a novel integrated hydrometallurgical method, suitable to treat low-grade nickel oxide ores efficiently and economically. It involves heap leaching of the ore by dilute sulphuric acid at ambient temperature, purification of the leach liquor and recovery of nickel and cobalt by electrowinning. A typical composition of the pregnant solution produced from heap leaching is the following: Ni 2+ = 5 g/L, Co 2+ = 0.3 g/L, Fe 3+ = 23.0 g/L, Al 3+ = 6.0 g/L, Cr 3+ = 1.0 g/L, Mn 2+ = 1 g/L and Mg 2+ = 8 g/L. The proposed hydrometallurgical process for nickel recovery from real sulphate heap leach liquors consists of the following six (6) unit operations:
Recycling of hazardous waste as a new resource for nickel extraction
Environmental Technology, 2012
Nickel extraction from hazardous waste by sulphuric acid leaching has been investigated. This study was performed to assess the effects of different parameters such as reaction time, acid concentrations, solid-liquid ratio, particle size, stirring speed and reaction temperature on nickel extraction from zinc plant residue, with the aim of recycling this waste and reducing its environmental impact. It was shown that the nickel extraction increased with increasing reaction time, acid concentration and temperature, and decreasing solid:liquid ratio and particle size. Leaching residues were subjected to chemical analysis, XRD and SEM studies, and the results indicated that it is possible to extract more than 96% nickel content by optimization of leaching conditions. These results provided important data on the recovery of nickel from toxic hazardous waste, and leaching is a suitable method for this waste management. The results also showed that this waste can be used as a secondary resource for nickel extraction.
Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2016
The extraction and separation of zinc, manganese, cobalt and nickel from nickel laterite bacteria leach liquor were carried out using sodium salts of TOPS-99 and Cyanex 272 in kerosene. The unwanted metal ions were removed by precipitation method and solvent extraction was used to extract/separate Zn, Mn, Co and Ni. The nickel laterite leach liquor which was obtained from bioleaching of chromite overburden samples contained 3.72 g/L Fe, 2.08 g/L Al, 0.44 g/L Ni, 0.02 g/L Co, 0.13 g/L Mn, 0.14 g/L Zn and 0.22 g/L Cr. From this leach liquor, 100% Fe, 96.98% Al and 70.42% Cr were removed by precipitation with CaCO 3 at pH 4.4 followed by precipitation of remaining Al and Cr with 50% ammonia at pH 5.4. After precipitation, the extraction of Zn from the Fe, Al and Cr free leach liquor was carried out with 0.1 mol/L TOPS-99 followed by Mn extraction with 0.04 mol/L NaTOPS-99. The yields of Zn and Mn were 97.77% and 95.63%, respectively. After Mn extraction, cobalt was removed from the leach liquor using 0.0125 mol/L NaCyanex 272 and finally nickel extraction was carried out using 0.12 mol/L NaTOPS-99 with 99.84% yield. The stripping of loaded organic (LO) phases were achieved with dilute H 2 SO 4 .
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2013
Deep ocean manganese nodules are significant futuristic resource of copper, nickel & cobalt. After recovery of these valuable metals, a huge quantity of residue (~70% of ore body) is generated. In the present paper, investigations carried out for the application of washed manganese nodule leaching residue (wMNR) for the removal of nickel (Ni) ions from aqueous solution by adsorption, are described. Several parameters have been varied to study the feasibility of using wMNR as potential adsorbent for remediation of Ni(II) contaminated water. The adsorption kinetics followed pseudo first-order equation and the rate of adsorption increased with solution temperature. Kinetics data of Ni(II) adsorption was also discussed using diffusion models of Webber-Morris and Dumwald-Wagner models. The equilibrium data was best fitted into Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 15.15 mg g-1 at pH 5.5 and temperature 303 K, which decreased to 10.64 mg g-1 upon raising the solution temperature to 323 K. The activation energy for Ni(II) adsorption onto wMNR was 9.56 kJ mol −1 indicated physical sorption. Desorption studies showed successful regeneration of adsorbent and recovery of Ni. This process can be utilised for removal and recovery of Ni from the industrial effluent.
2015
Cytec Australia for supplying Cyanex 272 and Shell Australia for supplying ShellSol 2046 are also gratefully acknowledged. I would like to thank my fellow higher degree by research students in the WA School of Mines, Curtin University, especially Ndishavhelafhi Mbedzi and Sait Kursunoglu with whom I often had beneficial discussions and spent the long laboratory hours together. Above all, I am grateful for their warm support and friendship. Thanks are also due to the entire academic and support staff of the WA School of Mines, Curtin University, for being helpful and friendly. I would like to convey special thanks to Ms Mujesira Vukancic, Ms Anusha Shanta Kumara and Ms Melina Miralles for their technical assistance and Ms Caryse Marr for her administrative assistance. I sincerely thank the Indonesian community members in Kalgoorlie especially Bang Doni Mustari and Mba Yulia Medina for looking after me here. I am grateful for all those hearty meals and friendly hospitality. My parents, Saiful Ichlas and Magdalena Pello, my brothers, Nova Afriansyah and Gilang Maulana, and my girlfriend, Indahtyas Winasis, were very supportive and patient over the years. Thank you for always being there for me. Also, I thank my late sister, Rere Harnasya, who passed away a few months before I started my master degree study in Curtin University, for her love and courage that will forever remain engraved in my heart. v