Early Christian Burials of the Mogilev’s cities near Dnieper and Sozh (original) (raw)
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Avlasovich, A. Early Christian Burials of the Mogilev’s cities near Dnieper and Sozh
This article is dedicated to the first Christian burials, discovered in the archaeological researches of urban complexes at the territory of Mogilev near the rivers Dnieper and Sozh. In this region, the four early ground cemeteries were discovered and they date back approximately to the XII century. The authors note that the change in funeral rites in burial necropolises on the territory of Mogilev Dnieper and Sozh indicates the penetration of Christianity in this region at the end of X–beginning of XI century. At the same time, in the cities, the centers of the spread of a new religion, the ground of the cemetery is dated from not earlier the XII century. A likely explanation for this can be observed in the XI century tradition of burying the dead under the earthen embankment in nearby barrow cemeteries. Введение Материалы археологических раскопок позволяют установить, что процесс христианизации населения Могилёвского Поднепровья и Посожья был начат не позже конца X столетия, о чём свидетельствуют многочисленные раскопки курганных могильников региона. Именно в это время происходит отказ от обряда трупосожжения в пользу ингумации под курганной насыпью. Завершающей и наиболее приближенной к церковным канонам погребальной обрядностью является традиция захоронения в грунтовой могиле. Первые захоронения в грунтовых могилах, совершённые по всем канонам христианской погребальной обрядности, в городских комплексах изучаемой территории фиксируются в слоях не ранее XII столетия.
The small kurgan group excavated near the village of Cotiujeni (the southern area of the Middle Dniester basin in what is now the Republic of Moldova) (Fig. 1, Cotiujeni) included three barrows of the Early Iron Age (nos. 2, 4 and 5). These were earthen mounds (0.5-1.0 m high, 24 m and 36 m in diameter) with burnt layers. The kurgans were constructed each at a time for a single interment (Fig. 2: 1, 3, 6). The mortuary structures are rectangular pits with certain peculiarities, namely undercuts and steps (Fig. 2: 2, 4, 5). The rite of interment was inhumation. Of the grave goods, 53 ceramic fragments were preserved: from five burnished vessels (Fig. 3: 14) and a pot (Fig. 3: 5). Bitruncated-conical bowls appeared in the Carpathian-Danubian region as early as the Late Bronze Age and further on became one of the leading pottery types of the cultural complex of Basarabi (beginning from the second quarter of the 8th century BC) throughout the entire area of its distribution, including the Basarabi-Soldanesti variant in the Middle-Dniester basin (Fig. 4). Direct parallels to bowls of this type are known among the materials from the Zhabotin settlement on the right bank of the Dnieper river where similar vessels were among the most widely distributed ones in horizon Zhabotin-II (from the mid-8th century BC). Ladles with shallow bowls from the Carpathian-Danubian region are of an Early Hallstatt period origin (Fig. 5). The appearance of such scoops on the Middle Dniester and in the forest-steppe region of the Dnieper right bank is linked with the archaeological culture of Gáva-Holigrady-Granicesti in the East-Carpathian region. In addition, they have direct parallels among the finds from the settlement of Zhabotin (horizons Zhabotin-II and Zhabotin-III). Notwithstanding the fact that the kurgan complexes of Cotiujeni are situated within the area of the Basarabi-Soldanesti culture, analysis of the burial structures and the rite allows us to link them with the early nomadic (Cimmerian) burials of the Northern Black Sea region (the Novocherkassk group -?) and to compare them with the latest pre-Scythian forest-steppe complexes of the second half of the 8th century BC (Fig. 6). The Cotiujeni kurgan group combines the funerary traditions of the early steppe nomads and the pottery of Basarabi-Soldanesti types. The Cotiujeni barrows can be attributed to the «Thraco-Cimmerian» complexes of the Northern Black Sea region and are dated to the second half of the 8th century BC.
Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine, 2024
The cemetery of the Pokrova Church on the territory of tretiak was archaeologically explored from 1995 to 2021, where cultural layers, buildings and pits of the 10th—13th and 17th—19th centuries, and also more than 350 ground burials of the 17th—19th centuries were discovered. During the research in 2021, a part of the buildings (constructions) of the second half of the 17th— the first half of the 18th centuries was discovered. At that time and before the fire of 1750, there was a production center of potters and blacksmiths here, as evidenced by ceramic and physical material from buildings 1, 2, 16, 19 and several household pits. Later, the cemetery of the Pokrova Church expanded to the vacated site. in several excavation areas it has been found a demarcation ditch (building 10) of the southwestern border of the cemetery, which could have been dug in the 1760s. While superimposing the location of building 10 on the plan of 1787 it almost coincides with the southwestern border of the cemetery. digging a ditch along the borders of cemeteries and church lands was a characteristic feature of demarcation in chernihiv in the 18th century. Between the graves in the southwestern part of the cemetery a light wooden (?) sacral structure could have stood. the rounded site, free of burials, with a diameter of up to 7.0 m was recorded in two excavation areas. Of the more than 350 discovered burials most were directed to the southwest with their heads, which could correspond to the orientation of the church building. A significant number of child and adolescent burials was recorded. thus, during 1995 they accounted for more than 43 % of all burials, which is related to the epidemics of the 18th century. also, children’s burials are grouped close to each other, which may be related to the family ties of the deceased, or to special places of such graves. Numismatic material and grave goods (body crosses, buttons) from burials and grave fillings indicate its functioning in the second half of the 17th— mid-19th centuries. After the cemetery ceased to be used, the planned direction of the street was built at the end of the 19th or the beginning of the 20th century, as evidenced by building 29 (19th—20th centuries), which destroyed several burials.
The Warrior Burial of the Chervony Mayak Cemetery in the Lower Dnieper Region
НАУКОвА СЕРІЯ -зАСНОвАНА У 2010 р. вИДАєТЬСЯ чОТИРИ РАзИ НА РІК СтарожитноСті раннього залізного віку РЕДАКЦІЙНА КОЛЕГІЯ: Скорий С.А. (головний редактор), доктор історичних наук, професор Г орБАНЕН ко С .А. (відповідальний секретар), кандидат історичних наук Б оЛТрик Ю.В., кандидат історичних наук ЗАЛ іЗНяк Л.Л. , доктор історичних наук, професор іВА кі Н Г.Ю., член-кореспондент НАН України к рижицький С.Д. , член-кореспондент НАН України к УЛА ко ВС ьк А Л.В., кандидат історичних наук Моця о.П., член-кореспондент НАН України оТ рощЕН ко В.В., доктор історичних наук, професор, професор ПЕТ рАУС к АС о.В., кандидат історичних наук ПоТ єхіНА і.Д ., кандидат історичних наук С оН Н. о., кандидат історичних наук ТоЛо Чко П.П., академік НАН України ЧАБА й В.П., член-кореспондент НАН України АРХЕОЛОГІЯ І ДАВНЯ ІСТОРІЯ УКРАї ІНИ Наукова серія з проблем археології та давньої історії
Археологія і давня історія України, 2022
Cтаттю присвячено публікації поховального комплексу, дослідженого авторами біля Cофійського собору в Києві у 2021 р. На основі знахідок з комплексу, його характеру і стратиграфічних особливостей розкопане підкурганне поховання датоване часом близько 970—1000 років. The article is dedicated to the publication of the burial complex, which was investigated by the authors near St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv in 2021. Based on the finds from the complex, its character and stratigraphic features, the excavated barrow burial is dated to around 970-1000 AD.
Stratum plus №5., 2021
За последнее десятилетие ранневенгерские погребальные комплексы, ранее не выделенные в Северо-Западном Причерноморье, были уверенно локализованы на этой территории. В их числе грунтовое захоронение у с. Фрумушика, обнаруженное случайно на правобережье Среднего Днестра в 1975 г. и опубликованное в 1981 г. как золотоордынское. В состав инвентаря входили нож, кресало с кремнем, костяные накладки на лук, наконечники стрел, орнаментированные костяные пластины от колчана, костяное ушко от древка стрелы. Анализ материалов показал, что комплекс из Фрумушики представляет собой погребение воина-лучника периода ранневенгерских миграций. Общность деталей погребальной практики, идентичность элементов инвентаря и хронология вещей позволяют вполне определенно отнести данный памятник к группе венгерских захоронений IX — первой трети X в., изученных в Северо-Западном Причерноморье. Early Hungarian burials, previously being unidentified in the North-West Black Sea region, were confidently localized in this territory over the past decade. Among them, there is a plane grave near the Frumuşica village, discovered occasionally on the right bank of the Middle Dniester in 1975 and published in 1981 as the Golden Horde burial. The inventory consisted of a knife, a firesteel with fire flint, bone plates on the bow, arrowheads, ornamented bone plates on the quiver, a bone end of the arrowhead. Analysis of the materials showed that the complex from Frumuşica is the burial of a warrior-archer from the early Hungarian migrations period. The commonality of the details of the funerary rite, the identity of the items of the inventory and the chronology of things make it possible to quite definitely attribute this site to the group of Hungarian graves of the 9 th — the first third of the 10 th centuries, studied in the North-West Black Sea region).