Identification of Critical Erosion Prone Areas in Upper Indravati Reservoir Catchment using Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing Techniques (original) (raw)
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Materials Today: Proceedings, 2018
Sedimentationreduces the capacity of the reservoir and it is the important concern for watershed management. This paper presentsthe computation of sediment yield of Agrani River basin of Sangli and Belgavi districts in Maharashtra and Karnataka, India using RS and GIS techniques. The land use/land cover (LULC) map of the study area was prepared by supervised classification using satellite imagery of IRS P6 LISS III and ERDAS-imagine v9.1 image processing software. 26.67% of the area is occupied by agricultural land, 20.37% area covers forest land, 27.06% area of fallow land. Meteorological parameters such as average annual rainfall and mean annual temperature are then used to calculate amount of sediment yield in the reservoir. Garde model was used for determination of annual sediment yield. Mean annual runoff and sediment yield for investigating area is19.30 million m 3 and 0.0897 million m 3 /year, respectively. With very fine drainage texture, drainage density in the study area is 1.88 km/km 2 .
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), 2019
Sediments play vital role to sustain the life of aquatic environment. Due to sedimentation, many nutrients, contaminated substances are transported, which ultimately reduces land productivity. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) used integrally to find sediment yield and morphological parameters responsible for causing soil erosion. SAGA-GIS (System for Automated Geo-Scientific Analysis-Geographic Information System) software version 6.3.2 utilized for editing spatial data, preparing thematic maps, statistical data analysis, etc. To know the spatial prediction of soil loss and risk potential of erosion, ULSE model (Universal Soil Loss Equation) was used. Watershed: 63 selected for research work which is located in middle sub-basin of Narmada river. It is sited in Narmada district of Gujarat and Nan durbar district of Maharashtra. The Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data employed for preparation of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and to prepare slope maps. The results showed that study area comes under severe soil erosion class i.e. 47.79 Ton/ha/year and high sediment yield achieved as 19.14 tons/year. This is due to existence of moderate to steep slope, moderate land use practices, moderate drainage texture. This study will prove to be helpful in watershed management strategies and to conserve the natural resources according to priorities.
Environment, Development and Sustainability
A systematic method, incorporating the statistical RUSLE & SDR model, remote sensing and GIS, was used to estimate the annual soil loss and to display spatial distribution of potential erosion risk in Dudhganga watershed. The RUSLE was used in this study in GIS platform based on erosional factors. The spatial and temporal trend of soil erosion in the watershed was obtained by integrating input variables of RUSLE, such as R-factor, K-factor, LS-factor, C-factor and P-factor, into a grid-based GIS method. The estimated rainfall erosivity factor of the watershed ranges from 560.93 to 342.68 MJ mm ha −1 h −1 yr −1 from the year 2000-2020, respectively. The anticipated annual amount of soil loss in the watershed varies in between 6682.37 and 0 t ha −1 yr −1 for the year 2000. Similarly, the values corresponding to annual soil loss increased to 9879.912 t ha −1 yr −1 for the year 2010. Again, in the year 2020 it marked an increase where it recorded the soil loss values of 11,825.98 t ha −1 yr −1 with mean annual soil loss estimates to be 126.89 t ha −1 yr −1 , respectively. The findings of the study revealed that the barren land is the main precarious source exposed to the process of soil erosion and has the upper hand in the rate of soil loss and sediment yield. The results of the study divulged that the most affected part of the watershed is the southwestern side where the majority of the area is occupied by barren land, and consequently, the high soil loss in the upper reaches of the watershed exhibits a close correlation to LS and K factor. It has been found in the study that anthropogenic nuisances like rapid deforestation and reckless unplanned urbanization are the principle drivers responsible for the land change systems in the study region. In the long haul, the outcome of these changes will eventually gear up the soil loss activities in the wetland catchments which in turn will lead to the generation of sediment yield and thereby give rise to sedimentation and siltation of waterbodies and, consequently, will affect their overall water holding capacity.
Apple Academic Press eBooks, 2022
Soil erosion can be considered to be one of the most pressing of global environmental problems currently and can be attributed to both natural and human factors. Soil erosion by water is one of the major threats to soils in most of the river basins/catchments including in the river basins/catchments of the northeast region of India. Jiadhal is one such basin in this region that contributes huge sediments to the downstream plains of Assam. Accordingly, an attempt was made to quantify the soil loss from the catchment using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (ULSE). The river Jiadhal originates at an altitude of 1247░m above the mean sea level in West Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh. It flows southward and joins the river Subansiri, which is the largest tributary of Brahmaputra. It has its extent/spread between latitude 27°15' N and 27°45' N, and longitude 94°15' E and 94°40' E. The catchment of the river can be demarcated using Survey of India Toposheets: 83 I/6, 83 I/7, 83 I/8 and 83 I/10. The catchment of Jiadhal drains an area of 437░km 2 considering the outlet at Bordoloni. The soil loss estimation was carried out by individually determining the parameters, viz., rainfall 250 erosivity factor denoted by "R," soil erodibility factor denoted by "K," slope length and steepness factor denoted by "LS," crop management factor denoted by "C" and finally the support practice factor denoted by "P." All these factors were quantified based on ArcGIS10.1 using relevant data sources as well as adopting data preparation methods. As part of this study, DEM and Landsat data were used. Toward estimating the factor "R" daily rainfall data (1990-2014) were used. The value of soil erodibility factor (K) was found to vary between 0.023 and 0.0325. The LS factor for study area varies from 0 to 355.8. The Cfactor was derived from normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), obtained from Landsat images downloaded from USGS earth explorer. The value for this factor (C) is found to lie in the range of 0.10053-2.35642 and the NDVI values of the Jiadhal catchment are 0.765766 and 0.285714. Assuming that no preventive measures are taken, the P-factor was assigned a value equal to 1 throughout the basin area. The soil loss map of Jiadhal basin was also generated and depending on the soil loss intensity, the basin's area has been classified under five categories. It was found that the annual soil loss from the basin ranged from 0 to 4790.45░T/ha/year depending on the area with a mean value of 10.359░T/ha/year. Sediment yield estimate at the outlet (Kumotiya river near Samorajan) was found to be about 21.179░T/ha/year. Finally, toward planning and implementing various conservation and management practices, the subbasins (4) have been prioritized based on the soil loss rates from them.
Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to predict the annual average soil loss rate from the Kottangudi watershed and to use the output data to the SDR model for sediment yield calculation. To achieve the goals of the thesis, the RUSLE factors were calculated. The soil survey data were used to develop the soil erodibility factor (K), and a digital elevation model of the catchment was used to generate the topographic factor (LS). The values of cover-management (C) factor and support practice (P) factor were collected from literature due to lack of satellite image and soil map. Usually C and P factors determine from land cover and land use classes respectively. The rainfall-runoff erosivity (R) was derived from monthly rainfall data and yearly rainfall along with the drainage data.
2015
Soil erosion in the upstream river basins, its transport and deposition play a major role in understanding many activities of global significance. In recent activities of man like interfering with nature, like changing of river course by construction of dams, weirs and barrages have affected the sediment yield. At first the watershed is generated in Arc GIs on spatial data of upper Mahanadi basin by using Raijm as controlling station. Spatial data from upstream of Mahanadi catchment are analyzed for computation of sediment yield. The factor responsible for this variation are also analyzed. Universal Soil Loss Equation is used for computation of sediment yield in Raijm gauging station present in Raipur district of Chhattisgarh. Analysis of data indicated that the distribution of rainfall and topographical characteristics are the major factors influencing the variation of sediment flux in upper Mahanadi Basin. Data collected from India Wris are used for computation of observed sedimen...
Sediment Yield Problems in Khassa Chai Watershed Using Hydrologic Models
Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journal, 2019
Upland erosion and sedimentation are one of the severe problems which faces dams as sediments occupy spaces within reservoirs storage, hence, decreasing live water storage which is the main purpose of dam’s construction. Iraq is one of the countries that will face a significant shortage of water income as a result of both the increment in water demand and of the reduction of water shares from the source countries. Thus, the existing dams in Iraq represent a strategic resource to fulfill water demands, and the sedimentation at these dams is studied to assess the quantity of sediments that reach to these reservoirs and decrease available water volume and useful life of reservoir. In the current study, Khassa Chai Dam is located in the Northeast of Iraq and its main watershed basin covers an area of about 412 km2 between Kirkuk and Al Sulaymaniyah Governorates has been selected to estimate and predict the amount of sediment yield based on 30 years of daily climate data and the events o...
Estimation of sediment production rate of the Umbaniun Micro- watershed, Meghalaya, India
Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 2012
Conservation of soil and water is essential to sustain any developmental activity carried out on a watershed. Analyzing shape parameters and drainage pattern parameters is known to be very important in watershed management. The Umbaniun micro-watershed with an area of 3951.18 ha located at 25°27'29'' to 25°32'34'' North latitude and 91°47'10'' to 91°52'40' East longitude has an elongated shape with low sediment production rate (SPR) of 0.16218 ha-m/100 sqkm/year. It is under high biotic pressure and no conservation measures have been taken up to maintain its ecological health and stability. In this paper, we highlight a pilot study analyzing soil erosion and sediment production rate with reference to morphometric characteristics of the Umbaniun micro-watershed in Meghalaya.
Sediment Yield Estimation Using SAGA GIS: A Case Study of Watershed -63 of Narmada River
Occurrence of soil erosion will lead to sedimentation and siltation of reservoirs in case of major rivers. Remote sensing data provide compact information to evaluate the sedimentation yield in the reservoirs by deriving several surface parameters. SAGA (System for Automated Geo-Scientific Analysis) GIS software with version 6.3.2 used and was used for preparation of maps and to verify the spatial extent of the area. The value of soil loss can be determined by using predictive model known as RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) model approaches. The study area selected for present study is watershed no -63 of Narmada river lying in Narmada river watershed situated in two different districts , one of them is Narmada district located in Gujarat and Nan durbar district located in Maharashtra. Integration of results obtained from satellite data show Watershed no: 63 comes under very high soil erosion class i.e.33.12 Ton/ha/year (By RUSLE approach) indicating a moderate to steep slope exist in such area and sustainable moderate land use practices in that particular catchment.
Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis, 2018
Erosion has been as a major issue in Bhagirathi and Alaknanda river basins due to high surface runoff. The river basins are located in the Uttarakhand state of India and have a total basin area of 19,066.5 km 2. Sediment yield has been estimated and then correlated with the surface runoff using geospatial techniques during the period 2000-2015. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been used to estimate the sediment yield. All required layers for assessment of runoff and sediment yield has been prepared in a geographical information system environment. Tropical Rain Measuring Mission (TRMM) rainfall data (0.25° × 0.25°), Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) runoff data (0.25° × 0.25°), Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) elevation data (30 m), and Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellite images (30 m) have been used to prepare rainfall maps, runoff maps, relief maps, and land use/land cover maps respectively. The study has shown that the sediment yield, as well as runoff, has a non-monotonic trend during 2000 to 2015. The highest runoff has been observed in the year 2013 whereas minimum runoff was in the year 2009. Correspondingly, the highest and lowest sediment yields were observed in the years 2013 and 2009 respectively. The northern part of the catchment was observed to be more vulnerable with respect to high sediment yield as well as runoff. As a whole, both river basins have a strong positive correlation between sediment yield and runoff with R 2 values of 0.8. With respect to the findings, it can be concluded that some of the reservoirs for hydropower projects within these river basins may be in danger in the near future due to high sediment yields.