Risk of Total and Aggressive Prostate Cancer and Pesticide Use in the Agricultural Health Study (original) (raw)
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Use of Agricultural Pesticides and Prostate Cancer Risk in the Agricultural Health Study Cohort
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2003
The authors examined the relation between 45 common agricultural pesticides and prostate cancer incidence in a prospective cohort study of 55,332 male pesticide applicators from Iowa and North Carolina with no prior history of prostate cancer. Data were collected by means of self-administered questionnaires completed at enrollment (1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997). Cancer incidence was determined through population-based cancer registries from enrollment through December 31, 1999. A prostate cancer standardized incidence ratio was computed for the cohort. Odds ratios were computed for individual pesticides and for pesticide use patterns identified by means of factor analysis. A prostate cancer standardized incidence ratio of 1.14 (95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.24) was observed for the Agricultural Health Study cohort. Use of chlorinated pesticides among applicators over 50 years of age and methyl bromide use were significantly associated with prostate cancer risk. Several other pesticides showed a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer among study subjects with a family history of prostate cancer but not among those with no family history. Important family history-pesticide interactions were observed.
Farming, Reported Pesticide Use, and Prostate Cancer
American Journal of Men's Health, 2013
Prostate cancer is the leading cancer type diagnosed in American men and is the second leading cancer diagnosed in men worldwide. Although studies have been conducted to investigate the association between prostate cancer and exposure to pesticides and/or farming, the results have been inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to summarize the association of farming and prostate cancer. The PubMed database was searched to identify all published case–control studies that evaluated farming as an occupational exposure by questionnaire or interview and prostate cancer. Ten published and two unpublished studies were included in this analysis, yielding 3,978 cases and 7,393 controls. Prostate cancer cases were almost four times more likely to be farmers compared with controls with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH; meta odds ratio [OR], crude = 3.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.96-7.48, Q-test p value = .352; two studies); similar results were obtained when non-BPH controls were cons...
Does exposure to agricultural chemicals increase the risk of prostate cancer among farmers?
McGill journal of medicine : MJM : an international forum for the advancement of medical sciences by students, 2009
Several studies suggest that farmers may be at increased risk of prostate cancer. The present analysis, based on a large population-based case-control study conducted among men in the Montreal area in the early 1980's, aim at identifying occupational chemicals which may be responsible for such increases. The original study enrolled 449 prostate cancer cases, nearly 4,000 patients with other cancers, as well as 533 population controls. Subjects were interviewed about their occupation histories, and a team of industrial hygienists assigned their past exposures using a checklist of some 300 chemicals. The present analysis was restricted to a study base of men who had worked as farmers earlier in their lives. There were a total of 49 men with prostate cancers, 127 with other cancers and 56 population controls. We created a pool of 183 controls combining the patients with cancers at sites other than the prostate and the population controls. We then estimated the odds ratio for prosta...
Cancer Causes & Control, 2015
Purpose The results of epidemiological studies about exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and risk of prostate cancer (PC) are inconclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between exposure to specific OCPs and PC. Methods We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of science databases for case-control and cohort studies published till March 2015 that provided data about exposure to OCPs and PC. We also contacted authors and handsearched references of the included articles. We calculated pooled estimates using random effects model and explored heterogeneity between studies. Results We systematically reviewed 15 articles and based our meta-analysis on 10 articles covering nine case-control studies and a large prospective cohort study. Pooled estimates of PC for highest versus lowest exposed category to p,p 0-DDE was 1.02 (0.69-1.35), I 2 = 12.7 %, p = 0.333, trans-nonachlor, 0.88 (0.45-1.31), I 2 = 0.00 %, p = 0.892, oxychlordane, 0.91 (0.46-1.35), hexachlorobenzene, 0.88 (0.18-1.57), I 2 = 36.0 %, p = 0.210 from combining results of studies that applied serum OCPs measurements among the general population. For DDT, stratifying studies by exposed population revealed homogeneity, pooled estimate for serum level measurement for the highest exposed versus the lowest exposed of the general population was 0.81 (0.95-1.26), I 2 = 0.00 %, p = 0.400, and for occupational exposure 1.30 (0.94-1.67), I 2 = 13.4 %, p = 0.315. A positive but also insignificant association was obtained for pooling results for high exposure to lindane among farmers and pesticide applicators, 1.56 (0.82-2.29), I 2 = 41.7 %, p = 0.180. Conclusions The existing epidemiological data do not support the hypothesis that exposure to specific OCPs is associated with an increased incidence of PC in the general population.
A Review of Pesticide Exposure and Cancer Incidence in the Agricultural Health Study Cohort
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2010
We reviewed epidemiologic evidence related to occupational pesticide exposures and cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) cohort. data sources: Studies were identified from the AHS publication list available at http://aghealth. nci.nih.gov as well as through a Medline/PubMed database search in March 2009. We also examined citation lists. Findings related to lifetime-days and/or intensity-weighted lifetime-days of pesticide use are the primary focus of this review, because these measures allow for the evaluation of potential exposure-response relationships. data synthesis: We reviewed 28 studies; most of the 32 pesticides examined were not strongly associated with cancer incidence in pesticide applicators. Increased rate ratios (or odds ratios) and positive exposure-response patterns were reported for 12 pesticides currently registered in Canada and/or the United States (alachlor, aldicarb, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicamba, S-ethyl-N,N-dipropylthiocarbamate, imazethapyr, metolachlor, pendimethalin, permethrin, trifluralin). However, estimates of association for specific cancers were often imprecise because of small numbers of exposed cases, and clear monotonic exposure-response patterns were not always apparent. Exposure misclassification is also a concern in the AHS and may limit the analysis of exposureresponse patterns. Epidemiologic evidence outside the AHS remains limited with respect to most of the observed associations, but animal toxicity data support the biological plausibility of relationships observed for alachlor, carbaryl, metolachlor, pendimethalin, permethrin, and trifluralin. conclusions: Continued follow-up is needed to clarify associations reported to date. In particular, further evaluation of registered pesticides is warranted.
Iranian journal of public health, 2018
In pesticide exposure groups such as farmers, the risk of prostate cancer was increased, although the report of the cause of evidence is limited. We selected chlorophenol compounds as an important group of the contaminated pesticide with highly toxic 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). This meta-analysis, the risk of death from prostate cancer was analyzed. PubMed, Scopus, Scholar Google and web of Sciences until 2016 were searched. The standardized mortality rate (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from the studies. We tested statistical heterogeneity with Cochrane Q test and I2 index. Egger test was used for evaluating publication bias. Random or fixed-effects models and meta-regression were also used in our analysis. Moreover, Cochrane tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Five available papers consist of 28706 exposed populations were assessed. Overall standardized mortality rate as combined result of prostate cancer risk from the fixed model was...
Pesticide exposure and cancer: an integrative literature review
Saúde em Debate
We conducted an integrative literature review of published studies on pesticide and cancer exposure, focusing on farmers, rural population, pesticide applicators, and rural workers. The Medline/PubMed was used as searching database. After the retrieval, 74 articles were selected according to pre-established criteria, which design involved 39 case-controls, 32 cohorts, 2 ecological ones, and 1 cross-sectional. Among them, 64 studies showed associations between pesticides and cancer while 10 did not find any significant association. The studies found 53 different types of pesticides significantly associated with at least one type of cancer and 19 different types of cancers linked to at least one type of pesticide. Although few studies presented contradictory results, the sole fact of being a farmer or living near crops or high agricultural areas have also been used as a proxy for pesticide exposure and significantly associated with higher cancer risk. The literature well illustrates t...
Pesticides and Lung Cancer Risk in the Agricultural Health Study Cohort
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2004
The authors examined the relation between 50 widely used agricultural pesticides and lung cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 57,284 pesticide applicators and 32,333 spouses of farmer applicators with no prior history of lung cancer. Self-administered questionnaires were completed at enrollment (1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997). Cancer incidence was determined through population-based cancer registries from enrollment through December 31, 2001. A lung cancer standardized incidence ratio of 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.39, 0.49) was observed overall, due in large part to a low cigarette smoking prevalence. Two widely used herbicides, metolachlor and pendimethalin (for low-exposed groups to four higher exposure categories: odds ratio (OR) = 1.0, 1.6, 1.2, 5.0; p trend = 0.0002; and OR = 1.0, 1.6, 2.1, 4.4; p trend = 0.003, respectively), and two widely used insecticides, chlorpyrifos and diazinon (OR = 1.0, 1.1, 1.7, 1.9; p trend = 0.03; and OR = 1.0, 1.6, 2.7, 3.7; p trend = 0.04, respectively), showed some evidence of exposure response for lung cancer. These excesses could not be explained by previously identified lung cancer risk factors. The usage levels in this cohort are considerably higher than those typically experienced by the general population. An excess risk among spouses directly exposed to pesticides could not be evaluated at this time. lung neoplasms; pesticides Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.