Governance of marine fisheries in India: Special reference to Tamil Nadu (original) (raw)
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The draft overview paper is a first step towards improving the understanding of the marine fisheries sub-sector in India. The study was undertaken by the World Bank following a formal request for analytical and policy assistance from the Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries (DAHDF) – Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. The paper briefly describes how marine fisheries have evolved over time in India, identifies key issues and opportunities, and sets out proposed reforms that could support more effective policies and management practices to gradually improve the productivity of fish stocks, increase net benefits, and improve equity and coastal livelihoods. This draft overview paper draws on seminal literature from a range of Indian sources, as well as detailed background papers developed for Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, and Gujarat. The state background papers and draft overview paper were prepared by the team’s lead consultants, Venkatesh Salagrama (fisheries livelihoods and policy –India) and Derek Staples (fisheries management and policy – Australia). They were supported by several specialists: Judith Swan (marine law); Sanjay Upadhyay (environmental law); Pragmatix Ltd (social, institutional, livelihoods – Viju James – Principal); Nick Ruello (fish products marketing); IDDRA Ltd (Arthur Neiland – fisheries economics and policy and Steve Cunningham – principles and best practices); and Saswata Chaudhury (fiscal analysis).
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This paper reveals the growth and instability of Tamil Nadu Marine fish production during the recent decade (2001 to 2010), across the year districts wise and month wise. Emphasis is made to review the marine fisheries policies of Tamil Nadu to analyze its coherence with the marine fish production. From the study, it is observed that the growth and instability performance was rather steady during 2006-07 to 2010-11 than the earlier years (2001-02 to 2005-06). Further the study has also evolved the importance of marine fisheries policies for the social security of marine fishers; thereby providing a significant picture of Tamil Nadu marine fisheries for the policy makers, who are repeatedly confronted with the problem of insufficient data.
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India’s marine fisheries are at a turning point; the rapid increase in yields witnessed during the first 60 years of independence has slowed down and the scope for increase in yields from new unexploited and underexploited fish stocks and grounds seems limited. The situation calls for urgent measures to sustain the production close to the target potential yield of 4.41 million tonnes. These measures would mean implementation of science based fisheries management and regulations. Although much has been accomplished by way of research and development in marine fisheries in India, the transformation and implementation of the outcome of these studies into effective management of marine fisheries resources of the country has been a shortcoming so far. The FAO brought out the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (FAO-CCRF) in 1995 to serve as a guidance for countries for a sound and effective management of fisheries resources. This FAO-CCRF has not been put into practice in India, al...
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India’s marine fisheries laws are challenged by complex and dynamic fishers, fishing practices and the marine environment. The country has done well to simultaneously oversee different spaces at the state and national levels, but research on the ground demonstrates that further legal stratification is needed. Laws in India which concern the oceans are oriented towards capitalists furthering the economic growth of the country, while small-scale fishers who are the majority users of the oceans, function as communities interested in their livelihoods and ecological sustainability. These deep disconnects have given rise to communities taking to forming informal legal institutions at the village level, which address their concerns and make sense to them. India’s legal machinery requires a considerable shift to promote the concerns of its fishing citizens, and meet global concerns about climate change, ecological sustainability and providing livelihoods to those living in poverty.
2010
This version woefully remains a work in progress. I had hoped that the information presented here would be supplemented with detailed analyses. Unfortunately, time and poor health have impeded my work. Regardless, I have decided to make the information in the report available for a number of reasons. The context is rapidly changing in East Godavari. It may be useful for other researchers to have some comparative information. The website for IDPAD no longer exists which means that the original report is no longer available. My main objective is to give a voice the fishers' problems, as they see them.
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Fisheries Management for Sustainable Livelihoods (FIMSUL), is a project implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) with the Government of Tamil Nadu and Puducherry in India under the World Bank Trust Fund. The project aims at establishing frameworks, processes and building capacities of various stakeholders especially the Government, to facilitate the planning, design and implementation of appropriate fisheries development and management policies. The project includes a series of stakeholder consultations and consensus building apart from detailed review and analysis in the areas of stakeholders, livelihoods, policy, legal and institutional frame work and fisheries management. Based on this, the project comes up with various options. Stakeholder and livelihoods analysis is an essential part of the project. Hence, the team developed a detailed methodology for stakeholder consultations which includes district level stake holder consultation, focus...
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India is endowed with a continental shelf of 0.5 million km 2 and an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of about 2 million km 2 . Almost half (39%) of the Indian population utilizes the marine fisheries resources. India ranked sixth worldwide in total fish production (4.95 million t) and second in inland fish production (2.24 million t) during 1995 -96. Fish production expanded from 0.75 million t in 1950 -51 to 4.95 million t in 1995 -96, giving a significant increase at a cumulative growth rate of 4.2% per annum. Marine fish production increased from 0.53 million t in 1950 -51 to 2.71 million t in 1995 -96.