Ageing and Society Additional services for Ageing and Society: Veiled entrapment: a study of social isolation of older Chinese migrants in Brisbane, Queensland (original) (raw)
Abstract
This paper presents the findings of a study of the support and service needs of older Chinese people in Brisbane, the capital city of Queensland, Australia. There were two specific objectives : to ascertain the problems encountered by older Chinese-Australians in their daily lives and social activities ; and to develop policy and service development recommendations, with a view to mitigating their problems, meeting their unmet needs, improving their quality of life, and enhancing their participation in Australian society. The study used multiple methods, including a literature review, focus group meetings, and a community survey. The findings indicate that older Chinese people, and particularly women, experience significant restrictions in their activity patterns, social isolation and loneliness. Their lack of proficiency in the English language, and the difficulties they have in accessing language-support and interpretation services, limit their autonomous mobility and make them heavily dependent on their adult children, not least for transport. Their physical and psychological wellbeing is affected further by strained relations with their adult children, and these are compounded by financial concerns. The implications of the findings for welfare policy and practice are discussed at the end of the paper.
Loading Preview
Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.
References (64)
- Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 1999. Older People, Australia : A Social Report 1999. ABS, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory (ACT).
- ABS 2001. Coming to Australia. In ABS, Australian Social Trends 2001. ABS, Canberra, ACT, 16-20.
- ABS 2002. Older overseas-born Australians. In ABS, Australian Social Trends 2002. ABS, Canberra, ACT, 17-21.
- ABS 2003. Census of Population and Housing: Ageing in Australia 2001. ABS, Canberra, ACT. ABS 2004. Mature Age Persons Statistical Profile. ABS, Canberra, ACT.
- Batrouney, T. and Stone, W. 1998. Cultural diversity and family exchanges. Family Matters, 51, 13-20.
- Bauman, Z. 1998a. On glocalization : or globalization for some, localization for some others. Thesis Eleven, 54, 1, 37-49.
- Bauman, Z. 1998b. Globalization : The Human Consequences. Polity, Cambridge.
- Benham, C. and Gibson, D. 2000. Independence in Ageing: The Social and Financial Circumstances of Older Overseas-born Australians. Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra, ACT.
- Birrell, R. 1990. The Chains that Bind : Family Reunion Migration to Australia in the 1980s. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, ACT.
- Bureau of Immigration, Multicultural and Population Research (BIMPR), 1995. Atlas of the Australian People -1991 Census : National Overview. BIMPR, Canberra, ACT.
- Chan, K. 1997. A family affair : migration, dispersal, and the emergent identity of the Chinese cosmopolitan. Diaspora, 6, 2, 195-213.
- Chiang, L. H. and Hsu, J.-C. 2003. A Survey Research of Contemporary Taiwanese Immigrants in Australia. Committee of Overseas Chinese Affairs, Taiwan Government, Taipei.
- Chiang, L. H. and Hsu, J. C. 2005. Locational decisions and residential preferences of Taiwanese immigrants in Australia. GeoJournal, 64, 1, 75-89.
- Chiu, S. and Yu, S. 2001. An excess of culture : the myth of shared care in the Chinese community in Britain. Ageing & Society, 21, 6, 681-99.
- Chow, N. 2004. Asian value and aged care. Geriatrics and Gerontology International, 4, S21-5.
- Daatland, S. O. and Biggs, S. (eds) 2004. Ageing and Diversity : Multiple Pathways and Cultural Imaginations. Policy, Bristol, Avon.
- de Vaus, D. 1996. Children's responsibilities to elderly parents. Family Matters, 45, 16-21. Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (DIMIA) 2003 a. China Born Community Profile, 2001. DIMIA, Canberra, ACT. DIMIA 2003b. Hong Kong Born Community Profile, 2001. DIMIA, Canberra, ACT. DIMIA 2003c. Taiwan Born Community Profile, 2001. DIMIA, Canberra, ACT.
- Fitzgerald, M. H., Mullavey-O'Byrne, C. and Clemson, L. 2001. Families and nursing home placements : a cross-cultural study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 16, 4, 333-51.
- Hamilton, G. G. (ed.) 1999. Cosmopolitan Capitalists : Hong Kong and the Chinese Diaspora at the End of the 20th Century. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington.
- Ho, E. 2002. Multi-local residence, transnational networks : Chinese 'astronaut ' families in New Zealand. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 11, 1, 145-64.
- Hugo, G. 2003. Australia's ageing population: some challenges for planners. Australian Planners, 40, 2, 2109-18.
- Hugo, G. 2004. Australia's Most Recent Immigrants 2001. ABS, Canberra, ACT.
- Hui, Y. 1993. The 'astronaut family'. Hong Kong Journal of Social Work, 27, 1, 59-68.
- Ikels, C. (ed.) 2004. Filial Piety : Practice and Discourse in Contemporary East Asia. Stanford University Press, California.
- Ip, D. 1999. Network as capital : PRC immigrant entrepreneurs in Brisbane. In Tseng, Y.-F. (ed.), Asian Migration : Pacific Rim Dynamics. Interdisciplinary Group for Australian Studies, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 149-65.
- Ip, D. 2006. Contesting Chinatown : place-making and the emergence of 'ethnoburbia ' in Brisbane, Australia. GeoJournal, 64, 1, 63-74.
- Ip, D., Anstee, M. and Wu, C. T. 1998. Cosmopolitanising Australian suburbia : Asian immigration in Sunnybank. Journal of Population Studies, 19, 1, 55-79.
- Ip, D., Hibbins, R. and Chui, W. H. (eds) 2006. Experiences of Transnational Chinese Migrants in the Asia-Pacific. Nova Science, New York.
- Ip, D., Wu, C. T. and Inglis, C. 1998. Settlement experiences of Taiwanese immigrants in Australia. Asian Studies Review, 22, 1, 79-97.
- Ip, R. and Chui, W. H. 2002. Resettlement experiences of five Chinese skilled women migrants to Australia. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 11, 3, 333-55.
- Irving, H. and Tsang, A. 1999. Satellite children in Canada : an exploratory study of their experience. International Review of Modern Sociology, 29, 2, 1-21.
- Jupp, J. 1995. From 'White Australia ' to ' Part of Asia' : recent shifts in Australian immigration policy towards the region. International Migration Review, 29, 1, 209-29.
- Kettner, P. M., Moroney, R. M. and Martin, L. L. 1990. Designing and Managing Programs : An Effectiveness-based Approach. Sage, London.
- Kaufman, R. 1992. Strategic Planning Plus: An Organisational Guide. Sage, Newbury Park, California.
- Kingston, B. 1993. 1860-1900: Glad, Confident Morning. Volume 3, Oxford History of Australia, Oxford University Press, Melbourne.
- Landolt, P. and Da, W. W. 2005. The spatially ruptured practices of migrant families: a comparison of immigrants from El Salvador and the People's Republic of China. Current Sociology, 53, 4, 625-53.
- Lui, C. W. 2006. Transnational Chinese migration : an Australian profile. In Ip, D., Hibbins, R. and Chui, W. H. (eds), Experiences of Transnational Chinese Migrants in the Asia-Pacific. Nova Science, New York, 17-39.
- MacKinnon, M. E., Gien, L. and Durst, D. 2001. Silent pain: social isolation of the elderly Chinese in Canada. In Chi, I., Chappell, N. L. and Lubben, J. (eds), Elderly Chinese in Pacific Rim Countries : Social Support and Integration. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, 1-15.
- Mak, A. S. and Chan, H. 1995. Chinese family values in Australia. In Hartley, R. (ed.), Families and Cultural Diversity in Australia. Allen and Unwin, St Leonard's, New South Wales, 70-95.
- Man, G. 1993. The astronaut phenomenon: examining consequence of the diaspora of the Hong Kong Chinese. In DeBernardi, J., Forth, G. and Niessen, S. (eds), Managing Change in Southeast Asia: Local Identities, Global Connections. Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Canadian Council for Southeast Asian Studies, Edmonton, 269-81.
- Mehta, K. K. and Ko, H. 2004. Filial piety revisited in the context of modernizing Asian societies. Geriatrics and Gerontology International, 4, 1, S77-8.
- Mitchell, T. 2003. Clara Law's floating life and Hong Kong-Australian ' flexible citizen- ship '. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 26, 2, 278-300.
- Office of Multicultural Affairs 1988. Older people in multicultural Australia. Australian Journal of Ageing, 7, 4, 3-21.
- Ong, A. 1999. Flexible Citizenship : The Cultural Logics of Transnationality. Duke University Press, Durham, North Carolina.
- Ong, A. 2005. (Re)Articulations of citizenship. PSOnline, 697-9. Available online at http:// www.apsanet.org [Accessed 19 December 2006].
- Ong, A. and Nonini, D. (eds) 1997. Ungrounded Empires : The Cultural Politics of Modern Chinese Transnationalism. Routledge, London.
- Pe-Pua, R., Mitchell, C., Castles, S. and Iredale, R. 1998. Astronaut families and para- chute children : Hong Kong immigrants in Australia. In Sinn, E. (ed.), The Last Half Century of Chinese Overseas. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, 279-98.
- Rao, V. D., Warburton, J. and Bartlett, H. 2006. Health and social needs of older Australians from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds : issues and impli- cations. Australian Journal of Ageing, 25, 4, 174-9.
- Rowland, D. T. 1991. Pioneers Again : Immigrants and Ageing in Australia. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, ACT.
- Rowland, D. T. 1997. Ethnicity and ageing. In Borowski, A., Encel, S. and Ozanne, E. (eds), Ageing and Social Policy in Australia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 75-93.
- Rowland, D. T. 1999. The ethnic aged population and the likelihood of special needs. Australian Journal of Ageing, 18, 3, 50-4.
- Skeldon, R. (ed.) 1994. Reluctant Exiles ? Migration from Hong Kong and the New Overseas Chinese. M.E. Sharpe, New York.
- Thomas, T. 2003a. Older migrants and their families in Australia. Family Matters, 66, 40-5.
- Thomas, T. 2003 b. Aged immigrants : the forgotten older adults. Clinical Psychologist, 7, 56-8.
- Tsang, A., Irving, H., Alaggia, R., Chau, S. and Benjamin, M. 2003. Negotiating ethnic identity in Canada : the case of the 'satellite children '. Youth and Society, 34, 3, 359-84.
- Tsang, E. Y. L., Liamputtong, P. and Pierson, J. 2004. The views of older Chinese people in Melbourne about their quality of life. Ageing & Society, 24, 1, 51-74.
- Waters, J. 2002. Flexible families? ' Astronaut ' households and the experiences of lone mothers in Vancouver, British Columbia. Social and Cultural Geography, 3, 2, 117-34.
- Waters, J. 2003. Flexible citizens ? Transnationalism and citizenship amongst economic immigrants in Vancouver. Canadian Geographer, 47, 3, 219-35.
- Waters, J. 2005. Transnational family strategies and education in the contemporary Chinese diaspora. Global Networks, 5, 4, 359-77.
- Weston, R., Qu, L. and Soriano, G. 2003. Australia's ageing yet diverse population. Family Matters, 66, 6-13.
- Wu, C. T., Ip, D., Inglis, C., Kawakami, I. and Duivenvoorden, K. 1998. Settlement experiences of recent Chinese immigrants in Australia. In Sinn, E. (ed.), The Last Half Century of Chinese Overseas. University of Hong Kong Press, Hong Kong, 391-422.
- Yeoh, B., Huang, S. and Lam, T. 2005. Transnationalizing the ' Asian' family : im- aginaries, intimacies and strategic intents. Global Networks, 5, 4, 307-15.
- Zhou, M. 1998. 'Parachute kids ' in Southern California : the educational experience of Chinese children in transnational families. Educational Policy, 12, 6, 682-704. Accepted 16 March 2007 Address for correspondence : David Ip, School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
- E-mail : d.ip@uq.edu.au