Practical and theoretical modal analysis of photonic crystal waveguides (original) (raw)
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High Transmission through Sharp Bends in Photonic Crystal Waveguides
Physical Review Letters, 1996
We demonstrate highly efficient transmission of light around sharp corners in photonic bandgap waveguides. Numerical simulations reveal complete transmission at certain frequencies, and very high transmission ͑.95%͒ over wide frequency ranges. High transmission is observed even for 90 ± bends with zero radius of curvature, with a maximum transmission of 98% as opposed to 30% for analogous conventional dielectric waveguides. We propose a simple one-dimensional scattering theory model with a dynamic frequency-dependent well depth to describe the transmission properties.
Experimental investigation of photonic crystal waveguide devices and line-defect waveguide bends
Materials Science and Engineering: B, 2000
Photonic crystal waveguide devices incorporating line-defect waveguide bends have been fabricated. In this paper we present preliminary experimental analysis of these structures. Although evidence of photonic band-gap effects are observed in the spectra, transmission efficiency was found to be extremely low due to significant up-scattering losses from the holes. In order to quantify this loss mechanism, a detailed experimental and theoretical analysis of scattering effects in regular photonic crystal waveguide devices with band gaps at visible wavelength is presented. Field profiles in line defect structures are analysed using a FDTD (finite difference time domain) method.
Photonic crystal waveguide devices incorporating line-defect waveguide bends have been fabricated. In this paper we present preliminary experimental analysis of these structures. Although evidence of photonic band-gap effects are observed in the spectra, transmission efficiency was found to be extremely low due to significant up-scattering losses from the holes. In order to quantify this loss mechanism, a detailed experimental and theoretical analysis of scattering effects in regular photonic crystal waveguide devices with band gaps at visible wavelength is presented. Field profiles in line defect structures are analysed using a FDTD (finite difference time domain) method.
Optics Express, 2013
We demonstrate an extremely compact bend for a photonic crystal waveguide supporting three spatial modes. The bend exhibits nearly 100% transmission over a relative bandwidth of 1% with less than 1% crosstalk. We show that our design is robust with respect to fabrication errors. Our design method is applied to create a structure consisting of dielectric rods, as well as a structure consisting of air holes in a dielectric background.
SPIE Proceedings, 2001
Using a two-dimensional (2D) photonic-crystal slab structure, we have demonstrated a strong 2D photonic band gap with the capability of fully controlling light in all three dimensions[1]. Our demonstration confirms the predictions [2] on the possibility of achieving 3D light control using 2D band gaps, with strong index guiding providing control in the third dimension, and raise the prospect of being able to realize novel photonic-crystal devices. Based on such slab structure with triangular lattice of holes, a 60-degree photonic-crystal waveguide bend is fabricated. The instrinsic bending efficiency (η) is measured within the photonic band gap. As high as 90% bending efficency is observed at some frequencies.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of a Hybrid Photonic Crystal-Conventional Waveguide 90° Bend
Applied Optics, 2004
We present a three-dimensional ͑3D͒ analysis of a hybrid photonic crystal-conventional waveguide 90°b end proposed previously ͓Opt. Express 10, 1334 ͑2002͔͒ as an ultracompact component for large-scale planar lightwave circuit integration. Both rigorous 3D finite-difference time-domain modeling and a simple perfect mirror model analysis were carried out for different Si post heights in the photonic crystal region. Results show that the bend efficiency increases rapidly with Si post height. For a post height of 6.5 m, this structure yields a bend efficiency of 97.3% at a wavelength of 1.55 m for 90°bends in 2 m ϫ 2 m square channel conventional waveguides with a refractive index contrast of 3.55%, which is very close to the bend efficiency of 98.2% for the corresponding two-dimensional problem. Our 3D analysis permits the examination of issues such as out-of-plane scattering loss and the effects of finite Si post height that are not considered in two dimensions.
Applied Physics Letters, 2002
The dispersion diagram of the leaky modes in the planar photonic crystal waveguide is experimentally obtained for the wavelengths from 1440 to 1590 nm. A small stop band, around wavelength 1500 nm, is detected. The experimentally obtained results are in very good agreement with our three-dimensional finite difference time domain calculations. Propagation losses of the leaky modes are estimated and we have found that they decrease as we approach the ministop band.
Direct mapping of light propagation in photonic crystal waveguides
Optics Communications, 2002
Using near-field optical microscopy, we directly map the propagation of light in the wavelength range of 1510-1560 nm along bent photonic crystal waveguides formed by removing a single row of holes in the triangular 400-nm-period lattice and connected to access ridge waveguides, the structure being fabricated on silicon-on-insulator wafers. Based on the near-field optical images measured, we determine the bend loss to be below 2 dB in the range of 1510-1530 nm, identify the associated loss channels, and obtain an upper limit of 930 nm for the guided mode width intensity distribution at 1510 nm.
Optics Letters, 2001
Based on a photonic-crystal slab structure, a 60 ± photonic-crystal waveguide bend is successfully fabricated. Its bending efficiency within the photonic bandgap is measured, and near 100% efficiency is observed at certain frequencies near the valence band edge. The bending radius is ϳ1 mm at a wavelength of l ϳ 1.55 mm. The measured h spectrum also agrees well with a finite-difference time-domain simulation.
Propagation Loss of Line-Defect Photonic Crystal Slab Waveguides
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2006
Photonic crystal slab waveguides are created by inserting a linear defect in two-dimensional (2-D) periodic dielectric structures of finite height. Photonic crystals provide 2-D in-plane bandgaps through which light cannot propagate, however, the fact that the waveguide modes must be index-confined in the vertical direction implies that the propagation loss is strongly dependent on the out-of-plane radiation loss. We present a fully three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain numerical model for calculating the out-of-plane radiation loss in photonic crystal slab waveguides. The propagation loss of the single-line defect waveguide in 2-D triangular lattice photonic crystals is calculated for suspended membranes, oxidized lower claddings, and deeply etched structures. The results show that low-loss waveguides are achievable for sufficiently suspended membranes and oxidized lower cladding structures. The roles of the photonic crystal in out-of-plane loss of the waveguide modes are further analyzed. It is predicted that the out-of-plane radiation loss can be reduced by shifting one side of the photonic crystal cladding by one-half period with respect to the other sides along the propagation direction.