The Use of Seaworm Meal in Maturation Diet as Partial Substitution of Fresh Diet for Pond Reared Tiger Shrimp Broodstock (original) (raw)
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Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 2017
Advantages of pelleted feeds in terms of storage, transportation and lower costs compared to natural fresh feed justified the replacement of artificial feeds instead of natural ones partially on maturation performances. This study comprised nine treatments (with three replications) including control treatment: polychaete worm (Perinereis nuntia), Squid and calf liver (natural feed); T1: pellet feed with 50% crude protein and 8% crude lipid+ P. nuntia, Squid and calf liver; T2: pellet feed with 50% crude protein and 10% crude lipid+ P. nuntia, Squid and calf liver; T3: pellet feed with 40% crude protein and 10% crude lipid+ P. nuntia, Squid and calf liver; T4: pellet feed with 40% crude protein and 8% crude lipid+ P. nuntia, Squid and calf liver P. nuntia; T5: pellet feed with 50% crude protein and 10% crude lipid; T6: pellet feed with 50% crude protein and 8% crude lipid; T7: pellet feed with 40% crude protein and 10% crude lipid; T8: pellet feed with 40% crude protein and 8% crude ...
Maturation diets for black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) broodstock: a review
2013
Maturation diets for shrimp ideally comprise excellent digestible protein, essential fatty acids, and cholesterol and chemo-attractant properties which are found in natural food sources in the shrimp habitat. Fresh feeds typically including polychaete worms, mollusks and crustaceans have been extensively used for shrimp broodstock. However, their nutritional value can vary with species, season of harvest and life stage. Alternatively, compound diets have been formulated based on the nutritional profile of fresh feeds have being produced in a semi-moist diet and dried pellets. But, substitution of fresh feeds by compound diets is scarce due to lack of information on the quantitative dietary requirements of shrimp broodstock. For most Penaeus monodon hatcheries, good reproductive performance was obtained when shrimp broodstock were fed a mixture of fresh feeds and compound feeds.
Production potential of Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon by fertilization and reducing feed supply
Bangladesh Journal of Zoology, 2015
Experiment was conducted to assess the potential of increasing production of shrimp, Penaeus monodon by enhancing primary production through fertilization and reduc feeding regime. Four treatments viz., T1, feeding @ 2% of shrimp biomass from 31~80 days of culture and then 1%; T2, feeding @ 3% of shrimp biomass from 31~80 days of culture and then 2%; T3, feeding @ 2% of shrimp biomass from 31~80 days of culture and then 1% + fertilization; T4, feeding @ 3% of shrimp biomass from 31~80 days of culture and then 2% + fertilization each with three replications were tested. Urea @1.25 ppm and TSP @ 1.50 ppm were applied as fertilizer monthly. After 120 days of culture, mean final weight of shrimp was 11.86±0.35g, 12.08±0.51g, 13.30±0.99g and 14.50±1.14g with the production of 458.36±14.86 kg/ha, 484.93±7.26kg/ha, 536.75±4.81 kg/ha and 592.19±35.05 kg/ha in T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Reduction of feed reduce both growth and production of shrimp. Increase in primary productivity due to fertilization increase production of shrimp to a significant level (F=32.94; p<0.001). But overall production of shrimp was lower in comparison to other similar studies when higher feeding applied.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
The cost which spent for feed is about 50-70% of total component production. The method to reduce tiger shrimp production cost is using milkfish offal waste utilization as an alternative for feed substitution. This study used laboratory experimental method using completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications for each treatment. Each treatment used different milkfish offal meal (%) and fish meal (%) ratio, they were: 0%:60% (A), 20%:40% (B), 40%:20% (C), and 60%:0% (D). Feed was given four times a day at 08.00, 13.00, 17.00, and 23.00 about 8% of the shrimp biomass weight. The material used was juvenile tiger shrimp with 0.75-1.29 g of average biomass weight. Tiger shrimp maintained at 30 individuals of stock density in a bucket of water with 30 L volume and 30 ppt salinity. The results showed that crumble-shaped artificial feed with a different substitution percentage of milkfish offal meal had high significant effect (P<0.01) on Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Feed Utilization Efficiency, and had significant effect (P<0.05) on Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), but it had no significant effect (P˃0.05) on survival rate (SR). The highest value of RGR was 4.90%/day in treatment B. The best PER and feed efficiency were 1.69 and 56.96% in treatment B. Survival rate of tiger shrimp ranged between 83.33-87.78%. The water quality was in decent condition for shrimp cultivation media. The conclusion is 20% milkfish offal meal substitution in the artificial feed provides the best growth and survival rate of shrimp.
Aquaculture, 2009
Two fresh-food maturation diets were tested on wild Penaeus monodon broodstock during a period of 1 month in primary quarantine and 3 months in secondary quarantine; diet A was composed of 70.30% squid (Photololigo sp.), 7.66% marine worm (polychaetes), 7.94% oyster (Crassostrea sp.), and 14.10% pork liver and diet B was composed of 37.39% squid, 16.50% marine worm, 27.14% oyster, and 18.98% pork liver; all on a dry-weight basis. The formulation of diet B was to resemble the ratios of ARA/EPA, DHA/EPA, and n-3/n-6 fatty acids of mature ovaries of wild P. monodon. At the start of primary quarantine, the average weight of the shrimps allocated to the two diets was not significantly different (129.71 ± 2.96 g for females and 87.88 ± 2.49 g for males in the group of diet A and 131.74± 1.75 g for females and 88.95± 2.05 g for males in the group of diet B). After secondary quarantine, the growth rate of the female shrimps receiving diet B was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than the female shrimps fed diet A (24.44 b ± 4.98% compared to 12.89 a ± 3.24%, respectively). Shrimp fed diet B performed better than shrimp fed diet A in terms of spawning frequency (85% versus 57%) and fecundity (458,796 a ± 35,658 and 245,718 b ± 34,736 eggs/spawn, respectively), but number of spawns, hatching rate, fertilization rate and metamorphosis rate of the nauplii into zoea did not differ between the treatments (P > 0.05). The success of diet B in terms of spawning frequency, fecundity, fertilization rate and hatching rate indicates the importance of the ARA/EPA and DHA/EPA ratios in broodstock nutrition of black tiger shrimp. This study also confirmed the success of natural mating of P. monodon in small tanks (1.25 m 2 bottom area). The two-step biosecure quarantine procedure was applicable for producing SPF shrimp.
Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, 2019
This research, the possible role of two different algal species as live food in larval rearing of black tiger shrimp (P naeus monodon Fabricius) had been investigated under laboratory conditions. The experimental study on the growth and survival of larvae was conducted with two different stocking densities of 1000 pieces per tank and 2500 pieces per tank in concrete tanks of 100 liters culture media for 16 days. During the larval rearing experiments feeds and feeding were conducted with two different types of algal species as live food, namely, Tetraselmis chuii and Dunaliella salina for early iarval stages of zoea and zooplankton (Artemia nauplii) for iate larval stages of mysis onwards. At the end of the experiment, the results of post larval stages 6 to 7 (PLu-t) were obtained at 63.2% survival rate in tank No. 1 fed with Tetraselmis chuii and 66 5% survival rate in tank No. 2 fed wrth Dunaliella salina respectively in experiment I. For the experiment II, the survival rates were obtained as 55 3% in tank No. 3 fed with Tetraselmis chuii and 60.0% in tank No. 4 fed with Dunaliella salina respectively.
The current study was conducted to identify and analyze the best practices that can be followed in the white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) hatcheries for the good preparation of the broodstock applying for a period of 30 days and to indicate the readiness of the broodstock to start the hatching season. Three feeding programs which have two types of worms (blood worms and clam worms) were used, where the first treatment fed on 100% of (bloodworms), the second treatment fed on (blood worms and clam worms 50%:50%), However the third treatment fed on100% (clam worms). The experiments were evaluated in terms of (broodstock spawning rate-Gonadosomatic index-number of eggs-hatching rate-number of nauplii and number of spawning cycles). The results showed that the feeding protocol that contains blood worms increase the quality and efficiency of reproductive performance of white leg shrimp (L. vannamei), as it contained higher percentage of protein, vitamins, minerals, amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, which are of great importance in the process of hatching and producing egg. In the present study, the feeding regime T1 which consists of 12% blood worms, 12% squid and 1% dry pellets showed the best reproductive performance of L. vannamei than other feeding regime while group of shrimp fed on clam worms showed lowest quality and reproductive performance.
Study on improved extensive culture of tiger shrimp
A study on the improved extensive culture of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) with and without feed and fertilizer was carried out in six ponds at Shyamnagor thana under satkhira district. The study was conducted during the summer season (April to september,2001). The treatments were control (T,) i.e. without feed and feftrliier, T, *I"tu only fertilizer was used and T' *hur" both feed and fertilizer were used. There were two ponds under each treatment. The initial size of the post-larvae (PL) stocked in different ponds varied from 0.02 to 0.05 g and stbcking density varied form 20000 to 33000 pllha. The shrimps in Tlwere fed supplemental feed from the third month t*i.u u day and firre days in a week.lhe ranges of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH in different pbnds ranged from 4 to 13 mg/l and 7.3 to 8.6, respectively. There weie high fluctuations in salinity levels throughout the study period, ranged from ito 24ppl. The individual weight gain of tryi-p *us'high"rt 1p>O.bq in T, and loweit (p>0.0t) in T,. There was no significant difference between the specific growth rates of shrimp in different treatments and ranged from4.15 to 4.q5. The survival rate was highest (54%) in T, and lowest (38.5%) in T,. The highest production (570 kg/ha/ crop)-was obtained in T, and the lowest *ur 236.8 kg/ha/crop,in T,. Results of the present study showed that physico-chemical factors such as temperature and salinity influenced the growtir and survival of shrimp. Using fertilizer and supplemental feed can greatly increase the production of shrimp in improved extensive culture system fot P' monodon'
2002
In the first experiment, conducted in a research facility, Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock were fed either a 100% fresh food control treatment (FRE, consisting of frozen squid, oyster, musseI and enriched Artemia biomass in a 2.3:1.4:1.3:1dry matter ratio) or one ofthe two treatments in which 50% [dry matter (DM)] of the fresh food was substituted with experimental artificial diets: a dry diet based on freeze-dried Artemia biomass (ART) and a control dry diet (CON). In the second experiment, conducted in a commercial hatchery, shrimp broodstock were fed either a fresh rat ion (FRE, consisting of frozen squid, polychaetes and enriched Artemia biomass in a 2.5:1.5:1DM ratio) or the same experimental artificial diets (ART and CON) replacing 50% of the DM by elimination of polychaetes and Artemia biomass. In experiment I treatments CON and ART produced better results (P = 0.05) than treatment FRE in terms of spawn performance and egg production per female. In experiment 2 no differences were detected among treatments FRE and CON whereas treatment ART performed better (P = 0.05) in terms of spawning, egg production per female and spermatophore quality. Broodstock survival and offspring quality did not differ between treatments in either experiment.
The intention of the present study was to assess the effect of fresh natural food on spermatophore quality and analysis by the way of sperm weight, count, viability as well as the proximate analysis of offered food and shrimp brood stock. The experiment was carried out with the three following treatments; fresh squid, polychaete and beef liver up to 5 weeks. All parameters were measured by the starting of 3 rd week (15 days) and the end of the (35 days) of the experiment. Spermatophore quality was evaluated by spermatophore weight, sperm count, viability and proximate analysis of the treatment and shrimps. The content of three essential fatty acids, Arachidonic acid (AA), Eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from wild Penaeus monodon brood stock were evaluated in comparison with natural diet fed to P. monodon. Spermatophore of wild male brood stock contained higher levels of AA than those of artificial fed males. Polychaete has higher proportion of AA to EPA and DHA. At the end of the treatment the sperm viability and count, shrimp and spermatophore weight were significantly different among treatment and control (p<0.05). The present study concludes that the fresh squid diet is highly preferred over the diets influence on increasing the spermatophore quality, therefore use of fresh squid only is recommended for the maturation of male P. monodon brood stock.