Review of Stunting in Indonesia (original) (raw)
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Risk Factors That Cause Stunting in Indonesia
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCE (IJNMS)
The Sustainable Development Goals emphasizing an intervention to prioritize solutions to the global challenge of poor child development in low and middle income countries (LMICs). In 2015, about 25% of children under five years of age in low were stunted (Kim & Subramanian, 2017; Perkins et al., 2017; UNICEF, 2015) The WHO conceptual framework for stunting (2013) identified household and family factors, complementary feeding, breastfeeding practices and infections as the most plausible causes of stunting(Stewart, Iannotti, Dewey, Michaelsen, & Onyango, 2013)
Stunting in Indonesia, Problems and Solutions
Stunting in Indonesia, Problems and Solutions, 2015
Background: Growth failure of children in Indonesia have an impact on increasing non-communicable diseases in adulthood. This study aimed to obtain a complete picture of the trends and problems of stunting in Indonesia and appropriate strategy to overcome, so the incidence of non-communicable diseases in adulthood can be prevented. Method: This study uses the method of literature review and analysis of correlation from secondary data sets. The data sources are National of Household Health Survey/HHS (2001, 2004), National Basic Health Research/Riskesdas (2007/08, 2010 and 2013), Socio Economic National Survey/Susenas (2007, 2012), Growth Cohort Study (2010 to present), Total Diet Study/TDS in 2014; Public Health Development Index/PHDI (IPKM 2013); the Indonesian doctoral dissertation until 2015, and other literatures. Results: There were no improvements of the high prevalence of stunting at national level for under five children and continues to school-age children. The latest prevalence of stunting (2013) was 37.2% for under fivechildren, and 31.7% for school-age children. Babies born with a short body length in 2013 recorded 20.2% that have an impact on the amount of stunted under five children and school-age children as much as 8.9 million and 20.8 million respectively. The determinant factors related to low birth weight found were low birth weight (<2500 grams) and short birth length <48 cm.Women with height <150 cm tend to deliver a short baby (47.2%) compared to women with height >150 cm (36.0%). Mothers who were married at age <19 years more likely to give high proportion of stunted children (37%) compared to married mothers age group 20-34 years (31.9%). Correlation analysis of aggregate data resulting from IPKM 2013 indicate that stunted among children (under five and school-age children), influenced by environmental health, health services, health behavior, reproductive health, economic status and educational status. Conclusion: Improving the quality and improvement of services related to the specific program of health sector become very important, such as supplementary feeding with high in calories, protein and micronutrients for pregnant women, the quality of maternal and child health services, health promotion related to smoking, and hand washing, exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding, improvement of School Health Program, reproductive health and family planning. From non-health sectors required 12-year compulsory education, revision of marriage law, environmental improvement and poverty alleviation.
A review of child stunting determinants in Indonesia
Maternal & Child Nutrition
Child stunting reduction is the first of 6 goals in the Global Nutrition Targets for 2025 and a key indicator in the second Sustainable Development Goal of Zero Hunger. The prevalence of child stunting in Indonesia has remained high over the past decade, and at the national level is approximately 37%. It is unclear whether current approaches to reduce child stunting align with the scientific evidence in Indonesia. We use the World Health Organization conceptual framework on child stunting to review the available literature and identify what has been studied and can be concluded about the determinants of child stunting in Indonesia and where data gaps remain. Consistent evidence suggests nonexclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months, low household socioeconomic status, premature birth, short birth length, and low maternal height and education are particularly important child stunting determinants in Indonesia. Children from households with both unimproved latrines and untreated drinking water are also at increased risk. Community and societal factors-particularly, poor access to health care and living in rural areas-have been repeatedly associated with child stunting. Published studies are lacking on how education; society and culture; agriculture and food systems; and water, sanitation, and the environment contribute to child stunting. This comprehensive synthesis of the available evidence on child stunting determinants in Indonesia outlines who are the most vulnerable to stunting, which interventions have been most successful, and what new research is needed to fill knowledge gaps.
Determinant of Stunting in Indonesia: A Review Article
2019
Background: Stunting prevalence data in Indonesia has sufficient number relatively similar with riskesdas result year 2007 (36.8%), 2010 (35.6%) until 2013 increase to 37.2% (1), although riskesdas 2018 result decline 6.4%. It becomes 30.8% (2), but the problem of stunting in Indonesia is still above prevalence globally, 22.2% (3). WHO determines definition of nutrition case is fewer than 20% (4), therefore Indonesia included to state which has public health problem, especially stunting case. Stunting has long risk such as PTM when going adult, though it can be prevented early. Objective: this article review aims to identify determinant factors which take a risk to stunting of Indonesian children. Methodology: We applies concept framework from WHO about stunting on children. By using designs of non-randomized control trials, observational studies, this article review applied through browsing the article using Google scholer, Proquest, Medline and several on line journals which publi...
Stunting Risk Factors Based on Priority Region in Indonesia: 2018 National Basic Health Survey
Proceedings of the 5th International Seminar of Public Health and Education, ISPHE 2020, 22 July 2020, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia, 2020
Current study aimed to explore the risk factors of stunting based on priority-region status in Indonesia. We extracted national basic health survey in 2018. We defined stunting based on height for age, which Z-score<-2.0, was categorized as stunting. Priority-region categorized by the National Team for Acceleration of Poverty Reduction, Republic of Indonesia, i.e., 100 priorityregions determined. We also observed children's characteristics, i.e., age, sex, birth weight and height, gestational age, weaning age, diarrhea, immunization, breastfeeding, and supplementary feeding. Parent's and household's characteristics were observed as well. Binary regression logistic was performed to conclude risk factors of stunting. We concluded that male children, lower mother's and father's height were the consistent risk factors for priority-, non-priority, and total-regions. Without consider priority-region, we concluded that family members, sex, access to health services, antenatal-care, mother's-and father' sheight, parent's education level, and ferrous-sulfate supplementation altogether were the risk factors for stunting in Indonesia.
Prevention and Intervention of Stunting in Indonesia: A Scoping Review
2023
Introduction. Stunting manifests chronic nutritional deficiency that can begin in the baby in the womb and after birth. This study identifies and describes various stunting prevention and management efforts reported in the literature in Indonesia. This study was to obtain an overview of the prevention and efforts to treat stunting; it is hoped that it will produce the best efficacy information and can be scientifically accounted for so that it can be applied as a national policy in Indonesia. Methods. We reviewed Indonesian and English articles published between 2018 and 2022 through ProQuest, PubMed, and Google Scholar search data engines. The search generated 2,454 articles. All selected studies were systematically evaluated and screened based on title, open access, and full text related to the research objectives. Finally, 10 articles were included in the learning. Stunting prevention and intervention efforts are identified from the selected articles and presented in the extraction table. The final conclusion is made based on the types of intervention from the articles obtained. Results. The results showed that there were 2 types of interventions to overcome stunting in toddlers, namely preventive and curative. Preventive intervention is carried out by conducting health education, mentoring and counselling for families, mothers, and caregivers of stunting toddlers, while curative interventions are provided by improving food intake and adding nutrients. Conclusion. This study describes a variety of stunting prevention and interventions that have been reported in the literature. Further research on the management of stunting with comorbidities is needed because stunting children are a population at risk for complications.
A Pooled Data Analysis to Determine Risk Factors of Childhood Stunting in Indonesia
Journal of Nutrition College, 2023
Background: Stunting among children remains a public health concern in Indonesia, where the prevalence of stunting in rural areas is higher than in urban areas. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze risk factors for stunting and severe stunting among children aged 0-59 months in rural and urban Indonesia. Method: This cross-sectional study used pooled datasets from Indonesia's Basic Health Research in 2007, 2010, and 2013. Our study samples included 38,246 children aged 0-59 months whose height-forage Z-score (HAZ) was between-5.99 and 5.99 standard deviations. The primary outcomes were stunting and severe stunting, whereas dependent variables included factors at the child, household, and community levels. We apply Stata 13 for univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. The prevalence of stunting and severe stunting was higher in rural than urban areas. On one hand, risk factors significantly associated with stunting and severe stunting in urban areas were low birth weight, maternal height, informal father's occupation, low economic level, and children from East Indonesia and Sumatra. Furthermore, the father's height was only associated with stunting, while the number of children >3 was only associated with severe stunting. On the other hand, risk factors age, low birth weight, maternal height, father's height, household member 5-9 people, middle and low economic level were significantly associated with stunting and severe stunting in rural areas. Moreover, poor WASH was only associated with stunting, while informal mother occupation, low father education, number of household members > 9 people, and living in Sumatra and East Indonesia were associated with severe stunting in rural areas. Conclusion: Low birth weight, short parents, and economic income were risk factors for stunting and severe stunting children in urban and rural areas.
Can stunting be corrected?: Lessons from Indonesia
2019
Background Impaired growth in children can starts during pregnancy and continue to a few years after birth. Age of 0-2 year is considered as the critical window of growth after birth. This study aimed to investigate the influence of early growth towards growth in the pre-pubertal period. Methods The study was utilizing the Indonesian Family Life Survey panel data of 1993, 1997, and 2000, covered 13 out of 27 provinces. The sample was children aged 0-2 years (year 1993), 4-6 years (1997) and 7-9 years old (2000).The data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 13.0. Results About 77% of children who were stunting at 0-2 years and continued at age 4-6 years, remained stunting at ages 7-9 years; 59.5% who were stunting at 4-6 years, remained stunting at age 7-9 years; 10% who were normal at ages 0-2 and 4-6 years become stunting at age 7-9 years, and 16% among those who were stunting at age 0-2 year become normal at age 4-6 years. Multivariate analysis showed that children who were s...
Research Square (Research Square), 2023
Background Stunting among children under ve remains a global health problem. Indonesia is no exception, as its stunting reduction rate has not yet reached the expected target. Regencies/cities in the West Sumatra province in Indonesia still show a stark disparity of achievement following the implementation of their various stunting prevention policies and programs. Methods Cross-sectional study based on 2018 Riskesdas and 2021 SSGI. Nineteen regencies/cities in West Sumatra province. Families with children under ve years involved 3,380 subjects from the 2018 Riskesdas and 4,662 subjects from the 2021 SSGI. Results The results showed that the stunting prevalence decreased from 31.2% in 2018 to 23.3% in 2021. Stunting risk factors include male gender, low birth weight, mothers over 35 years, upper respiratory tract infection, lack of vitamin A consumption, and parents' low education. The rate of stunting reduction varies signi cantly between cities or regencies in the West Sumatra province due to non-exclusive breastfeeding, lack of growth monitoring, poor water quality, and working mothers. Conclusions Most stunting occurs before the age of two. Stunting is signi cantly in uenced by various infectious diseases, dietary intake, and parents' socioeconomic status. The related city/regency governments should develop intervention strategies and speci c programs to reach the expected target.