Femininity on the Walls of Tehran (original) (raw)

Gender Inequalities and the Effects of Feminine Artworks on Public Spaces: A Dialogue

Social Inclusion

Feminist street art aims to transform patriarchal spaces into places of gendered resistance by asserting a feminist presence in the city. Considering this, as well as women’s social life, their struggle against lingering forces of patriarchy, and relating features of inequality (domestic violence), there was a feminist installation artwork by the young Kurdish artist Tara Abdulla that shook the city of Sulaimani in Iraqi Kurdistan on 26 October 2020. She had prepared a 4,800‐meter‐long washing line covered with the clothes of 99,678 Kurdish women who were survivors of sexual and gender‐based violence. They installed it along the busiest street of the city (Salim Street). She used this piece of feminine to express her reaction to the Kurdish society regarding, the abuse that goes on silently, behind closed doors. She also aimed towards normalizing women’s bodies. After the installation, she received many controversial reactions. As her artwork was a pioneering project in line with fe...

'Calming Down' the Megalopolis: State-Sanctioned Murals and Tehran's Visual Cityscape

This study is concerned with the role of state-sanctioned murals in the cityscape of the capital of Iran, Tehran. Drawing on interviews, visual material and field notes gathered during eight weeks between August and October 2015, this study sheds light on the institutional framework and mural selection criteria of the municipal Organization for Beautification (Sāzmān-i Zībā-sāzī). Based on works of Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze/Félix Guattari, I argue that 1) The role of Tehran’s murals in the cityscape can be understood as that of heterotopias, of counter-spaces with the main aim of ‘calming down’ (ārām-sāzī kardan) the busy atmosphere of this megalopolis; and 2) Tehran’s visual cityscape can be understood as a space in which narratives are dispersed, (re)claimed and contested, one that is constantly striated and smoothed. (Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts in Middle Eastern Studies; Center for Middle Eastern Studies at Lund University)

Walls and Places: Political Murals in Iran

This paper is rooted in the photography and observation of Graffiti that presents an overview of presence and absence of anonymous public writings in Tehran. It is based on over 150 digital photographic examples collected from Tehran, where the flourishing of artistic dissent is formed by widespread poverty and the recent political history followed by an economic collapse that radicalized youth of middle-­class. According to Geh􀁏􀂶s argument that art objects and places which form their causal milieu share social agency with the artists who produce them, the aim of this paper is to show how Graffiti confront institutional power by expanding semiotic street arts in the west areas of Tehran like Shahrak-­e Gharb and Ekbatan Complex. The active role of open public spaces in the cultural and political performance of social changes is investigated in this study. Why murals are not part of the visual public discourse in Tehran, as they are in other divided societies? What is the Graffiti 􀁚􀁕􀁌􀁗􀁈􀁕􀁖􀂶􀀃 􀁕􀁒􀁏􀁈 in the existence of murals? What political meanings are articulated in the interactions of Graffiti writers in specific areas of Tehran? How does whitewashing fit into a much larger civic discourse that includes individuals, groups and authorities? This paper tries to find acceptable answers to these questions. In particular, this paper aims to analyze the group-­oriented visual discourse and discourse related to individuals. The Graffiti that studied in this paper have been selected from specific parallel areas located in the west of Tehran.

Dancing into Alternative Realities: Gender, Dance, and Public Space in Contemporary Iran

Field Issue 21, 2022

During my decade of research on transgressive and out-of-place performances by women in Iran, I have come across other artists who take their dance practice to where it is banned, the street. In this article I explore the return of women to public space in Iran and how, in the absence of the possibility to be part of the formal art scene and in order to challenge normative geographies, artists, as well as non-artists, have taken to the streets to redefine and rediscover female bodies in urban geography. The disobedient body, I argue, creates heterotopian spaces where the hegemonic order is interrupted and replaced by an alternative aesthetics. By analyzing the works of four practitioners, I explore the dancing body on the streets, demonstrating how the random dancing of anonymous individuals found on the internet can become a tactic of resistance for both the performer, and the viewer. Turning away from formal art spaces, I look to the streets for practices of resistance. I interpret these brief manifestations of dancing bodies on the internet as a form of socially-engaged art that questions the restrictive codes and rules of public space regarding female bodies. My objective is to explore the relationship between space, body and gender, by examining dance performances in public spaces in Iran. By refusing the categories of ethnic, folk, Western and other dance types, or the dichotomy of high art vs. non-art, I focus on what all these dancing bodies share: mutual exclusion and oppression by the state, as well as their resistance through evasive occupation of public spaces. (from the text)

Iranian Women, Inside or Outside of the Stadium? An Anthropological Study on Female Representation of National Identity in Iran

Journal of Sociology of Social Institution (English Article), 5(12), 73-100., 2019

A controversial and comprehensive debate that has resulted in numerous discursive clashes in Iran pertains to the presence of women at stadiums during male soccer matches. Different discourse systems have expressed their own contradictory and opposite stances in terms of whether Iranian women have the right to attend such events inside or outside the stadium, ranging from different notions of ritual pollution and moral threats to gender equality and women rights in public spheres and spaces. When the debate is considered more in depth, a question arises about the female representation of national identity in Iran: What is the status and role of the female body in symbolic demonstration of the national body of Iranian society as a kind of social body? It seems that there is a discursive debate about the symbolic representation of female body in public sphere in Iran. To provide further insight into this question, ethnographic methods, participant observations and different models of interviews (focus and nominal interviews) were employed in the fields and cultural areas under study. The purpose of this article is to examine the systems of discourses about the allowance or prohibition of the presence of women at soccer stadiums and the cultural foundations and backgrounds that have given shape to these discourses over recent decades.

Women on the Walls Women as Subjects in Street Art around the World

Schiffer Publishing, 2022

The first book to focus exclusively on women as subjects in street art, this study, part travelogue and part dialogue, examines these depictions of women artistically, politically, and culturally across continents. Interviews with artists peel back the layers between artist and image, revealing stories about their work, its context, and its environment. From artists in L.A. pushing back on Hollywood's shiny perfection; to painters in Costa Rica examining the cultural links of women, myth, and nature; to women in South Africa decrying domestic violence, what links these works are their temporality and public ownership. Why do wall artists choose women as their frequent and favorite subjects? What does it say about our conceptions of gender and rebellion, protest, pride, place, and community? And how does the growing commercialization of street art affect their portrayal? Color photos and guided historical context provoke these questions and inspire further ones.The first book to focus exclusively on women as subjects in street art, this study, part travelogue and part dialogue, examines these depictions of women artistically, politically, and culturally across continents. Interviews with artists peel back the layers between artist and image, revealing stories about their work, its context, and its environment. From artists in L.A. pushing back on Hollywood's shiny perfection; to painters in Costa Rica examining the cultural links of women, myth, and nature; to women in South Africa decrying domestic violence, what links these works are their temporality and public ownership. Why do wall artists choose women as their frequent and favourite subjects? What does it say about our conceptions of gender and rebellion, protest, pride, place, and community? And how does the growing commercialisation of street art affect their portrayal? Colour photos and guided historical context provoke these questions and inspire further ones. https://schifferbooks.com/products/women-on-the-walls

Women on Walls: The Female Subject in Modern Graffiti Art

eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the tropics, 2018

Modern day wall art featuring women as subjects is usually painted by male artists, although women graffiti artists are challenging that male dominance and there are ample examples of their work on social media. The choice of women as subjects dates back to ancient Rome and Greece where idealized female images provided a template for desire, sexuality and goddess status. In modern times, wall artists present women as iconic subjects of power, renewal, and social commentary. Feminine graffiti appears to be idiosyncratic in its subject matter—the product of history, geography, culture and political discourse based on feminine power and influence. Although it is impossible to generalize stylistically about street artists, who are sui generis by their very nature–and wall art defies easy labelling–there are some patterns that are apparent when wandering city streets and encountering women subjects on walls. This photo-essay explores women who feature in wall art in open air galleries in...

The Image of Oriental women in Street Art in the Middle East

2021

An article, derived from a public presentation at the Olreans University, October 2021. The presentation was hosted by REMELICE INSTITUTE. Author: Zeinab Nour Professor at the Faculty of Fine Arts, Cairo, Egypt. https://www.univ-orleans.fr/en/node/6388 https://www.msh-vdl.fr/actualite/conference-limage-des-femmes-orientales-dans-le-street-art-au-moyen-orient/ Abstract: Feminism as a global movement worked and still works on women's rights and liberation in different ways and using different tools; art in general and Street Art as public art in particular, are very eloquent tools to help introducing the causes of feminism to different societies; these causes may vary from nation to nation, from culture to culture according to the suffering issues of the woman in each culture. The identity of each society is reflected differently in these types of public arts, especially when comparing between the western and eastern worlds where ethics and traditions are distinctly different. In this context, this article is aiming to highlight the role of feminist street art in the Middle East countries with a special focus on Egypt as a model case, where feminist Street Art can be considered limited; the article highlights the importance of such art in bringing up the oriental women and girls voices and presenting them in different images than the worldwide diffused stereotyped ones, and also in the face of extremism and terrorism.