Advances in Multilevel Approaches to Understanding the Epidemiology and Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV: An Overview (original) (raw)
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Each sexually transmitted disease (STD) epidemic evolves through predictable phases, shaped by a dynamic interplay among the pathogen, the behaviors of the subpopulations in which it emerges, and the prevention efforts that are developed to limit its impact. As STD epidemics move through these phases, the sexual and social networks that fuel them become located in subpopulations characterized by progressively higher rates of sex partner change and less contact with the health care system. As a result, phase-appropriate prevention strategies and research issues are essential to reducing STDs and their consequences.
An Overview of Social and Behavioral Determinants of STI
2020
Sexually transmitted infections (STI), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), remain an important source of morbidity and mortality in the 21st century, with estimates of global burden running to approximately 1 million cases a day as of 2012. Prevention of STI and HIV therefore remains critical to global health; however, understanding of the determinants of STI is a necessary prerequisite. In this chapter, we focus on interlinked categories of behavioral and social determinants of STI. Sexual behaviors and practices are proximate causes of STI acquisition and transmission, and other individual-level behaviors also contribute to risk. Social determinants provide the essential context for behaviors and can either facilitate or hinder the effects of individual behaviors.
Proven prevention tools for addressing STI epidemics
Israel Journal of Health Policy Research
The ongoing rise of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) poses a global public health challenge and the risk of acquiring one of these infections depends upon sexual practices, the number of sexual encounters and the location of that individual within the sexual network. Commercial sex workers (CSWs) have potentially a pivotal role in the transmission of STIs; however, a new study presented in this journal describes markers of risk but no increase in infections amongst men who pay for sex (MPS). This commentary highlights some of the growing evidence regarding STI prevention and the value of using these tools to protect CSWs, their clients and by extension the sexual partners of MPS.