Antioxidative constitution of Mukia maderaspatana (Linn.) M. Roem. leaves (original) (raw)
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Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources
Indigenous leafy vegetables of the traditional rural communities are potentially nutritious and contain a vast array of beneficial phytochemicals that offer protection against several chronic and age-related human ailments. The present study was planned to assess the antioxidative constitution of the fresh leaves of Mukia maderaspatana (Linn.) M. Roem. (Family: Cucurbitaceae). The total phenolic, flavonoid, carotenoid and vitamin E contents were determined using specific spectrophotometric methods and the amount of ascorbic acid by titrimetry. The medicinal leafy vegetable was found to be a good dietary source of the low molecular weight antioxidants analysed. The leaf extract exhibited potent in vitro antioxidant/radical scavenging (ABTS •+ and FRAP assays) and metal (Ferrous ion) chelating activities and also inhibited βcarotene bleaching. Saponarin has been isolated and determined as the major phenolic antioxidant by HPLC. The amount of phenolics (292.392 ±1.087 mg GAE), flavonoid (247.079 ± 0.705 QE), carotenoids (0.812 ± 0.075 mg), vitamins C (17.046 ± 0.839 mg) and E (0.194 ± 0.068 mg) and saponarin (220.800 ± 0.944 mg) present and the antioxidant capacities (301.926 ± 0.869 mg vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity) are reported for 100 g of fresh leaves. The protective/therapeutic significance of these antioxidant components is also highlighted.
International Journal of Biosciences, 2024
Medicinal plants have been explored for the presence of phytochemicals and natural antioxidants for research and commercial utilization potentials. However, few studies were conducted on the selected medicinal plants' phytochemical profile and antioxidant contents. This study investigated the phytochemical profile, total phenolic, and total flavonoid contents of five methanolic leaf extracts of C. igneus, A. bilimbi, M. charantia, A. esculentus, and B. glabra. All five plants indicated the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, and alkaloids. A. bilimbi, M. charantia, A. esculentus, and B. glabra are potential sources of tannins. The total phenolic content of the extracts varied from 10.17±0.23 to 27.90±0.50 GAE/g. Whereas, the total flavonoid content of these plants ranges from 8.40±0.52 to 87.48±2.42 QE/g. The M. charantia leaves revealed the highest TPC while A. bilimbi yielded the highest TFC among the plants. The selected medicinal plants can be considered good sources of phytochemicals and natural antioxidants, phenolics, and flavonoids, which are the basis for the development and utilization of these plant leaves. The phytochemicals, phenolics, and flavonoids of these plants could be further isolated, purified, characterized, and utilized as antioxidants.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2020
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant potential, determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content in nine selected medicinal plants Spondias pinnata, Melia azedarach, Ageratina adenophora, Urtica dioica, Curcuma longa, Bauhinia variegata, Elaeocarpus angustifolius Blume, Achyranthes aspera, and Psidium guajava from Kavre district of Nepal using in vitro studies. Methods: Methanolic plant extracts were prepared by cold percolation method. The methanol extract of nine medicinal plants collected from Kavre district of Nepal, was screened for assessing bioactive phytoconstituents followed by antioxidant property, total phenolic, and flavonoid content. Different plants collected were powdered and extracted with methanol, concentrated by a rotatory evaporator and analyzed for the presence of phytochemicals. The antioxidant potential of the plant extracts was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Results: The phytochemical analysis of methanolic extracts of all nine medicinal plants displayed the presence of various secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and quinones. The extract of S. pinnata showed the highest percentage of radical scavenging activity up to 87.94±1.88 with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) 17.51±1.27 μg/mL, followed by B. variegata, 80.63±1.06 with IC50 value 26.55±2.61 μg/mL. The standard, ascorbic acid has IC50 value of 20.13±1.17 μg/mL. Further, the ethyl acetate fraction of S. pinnata showed the maximum percentage of radical scavenging (85.92±1.37) with IC50 value of 46.95±1.17 μg/mL. Moreover, S. pinnata displayed the highest total phenolic content (TPC) 48.26±1.23 mg GAE/g (milligram gallic acid equivalent per gram) extract while the highest flavonoid content was displayed by Melia azedarach 41.07±1.53 mg QE/g (milligram quercetin equivalent per gram) extract measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent method and aluminum chloride colorimetric method. Conclusions: The preliminary results of this study have put forward the extract of S. pinnata showed the highest percentage of radical scavenging activity and S. pinnata displayed the highest TPC while the highest flavonoid content was displayed by Melia azedarach methanolic extracts although the further studies are needed to assess its mechanism of action
Screening of antioxidant activity and phenolic content of 24 medicinal plant extracts
DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical …, 2008
Background: Antioxidants are vital substances which possess the ability to protect the body from damages caused by free radical-induced oxidative stress. A variety of free radical scavenging antioxidants are found in dietary sources like fruits, vegetables and tea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of 24 selected plant materials (seeds or fruits), which are used by Iranian people as folk remedies and/or food supplements. Methods: The antioxidant activity was evaluated against linoleic acid peroxidation using 1,3-diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid as reagent. At the same time the phenolic content of the extracts was determined using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent to evaluate their contribution to total antioxidant activity. Results: The antioxidant activity expressed as IC 50 ranged from 1.25 µg/ml in cucumber to 167.29 µg/ml in cardamom. Phenolic contents, expressed as gallic acid equivalents, varied from 21.76 mg/100g of the dried weight in linseed to 919.12 mg/100 g of the dried weight in Bishop's weed. No significant correlation was observed between antioxidant activity and phenolic content in the studied plant materials. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there is no significant correlation between antioxidant activity and phenolic content of the studied plant materials and phenolic content could not be a good indicator of antioxidant capacity.
Evaluation of Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Herbal Leaves
2016
Medicinal plants is a best way to add their nutritional benefits in the daily diet of humans to combat with various degenerative diseases. The study was carried out with objectives to determine the nutritional composition and antioxidant activity of medicinal leaves Adusa and Giloy . Chemical analysis for proximate contents of leaves as well as products was done by using the standard procedure of AOAC. Iron, calcium and Vitamin C contents were determined by Thiocyanate method (colometric), volumetric method and 2, 6-Dichlorophenol dye method respectively. Total carotene content was analysed by the method given by Ranganna, 2001 while Polyphenol content and % radical scavenging activity were assessed by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and DPPH method respectively.
Phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of medicinal plants: a review
2013
ABSTRACT Plants have been used for medicinal purposes since the origin of human civilization and their uses were described by the great civilizations of the ancient Chinese, Indian and Mediterranean. Nowadays, they continue to be the source of new medicines either by providing lead molecules or as natural herbal products (teas, tinctures, powders, poultices, infusions as well as other formulations). Herbal medicinal products are defined as any medicinal product, exclusively containing as active ingredients one or more herbal substances or one or more herbal preparations, or one or more such herbal substances in combination with one or more such herbal preparations. Compounds produced by plants are divided in two groups: primary and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are compounds that possess fundamental roles in plant development steps such as phytosterols, acyl lipids, nucleotides, amino acids and organic acids. Secondary plant metabolites are structurally diverse and many are distributed among a limited number of plant species. Some of these compounds were found to have a key role in the protection of plants in several ways. Moreover, there are increasing evidences that modest long-term intakes of some specific classes of these compounds can favorable reduce and/or prevent the incidence of cancers and many chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, type II diabetes and hypertension, as well as the ageing process. Plant secondary metabolites can be grouped, based on their biosynthetic formation, into four groups: phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids and sulphur-containing compounds. Phenolic compounds are of great interest mainly due to their bioactive functions involved in human health-related issues. Oxidative stress and human health, namely in the pathogenesis of various diseases and disorders are related in different ways. Under stress, the human body will produce more harmful species, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) than enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants, inducing cell damage. This effect is increased when there are not enough antioxidants to quench these harmful radicals. During a large period, artificial antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), propyl gallate (Pg) and tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) were used as additives in foods and beverages. However, their use is now restricted since they are associated with high levels of cytotoxicity and carcinogenic effects. Therefore, there is a major need to find natural compounds with antioxidant properties and low toxicity associated. An antioxidant can be defined as a compound that inhibits or significantly delays the oxidation of substrates even if the compound is present in lower concentration than the oxidized substrate. Phenolic compounds and aromatic amines are free-radical scavengers and also present reducing properties. In this paper, we present an overview on phenolic compounds and their relation with antioxidant capacity of medicinal plants. Methods for extraction, detection and quantification of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity assays are revised and examples of important medicinal plants are presented.
Comparative Analysis of Antioxidant Activity in Various Plant Species
Poly-phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites which protect the plants against the pathogenic attack and harmful effects of UV radiations coming from the sun. There has been a lot of interest generated in the last few years about the health benefit accruing out of the dietary polyphenols. Most plants contain poly-phenolic or other antioxidant compounds at different concentrations. These compounds occur in all parts of the plant such as wood, bark, stems, leaves, fruit, roots, flowers, pollen or even seeds at different concentrations. Long term use of diets rich in plant polyphenols may offer protection against cancers, neurodegenerative disorders and other diseases of cardiovascular system. In the current study nine plants (Neem, Tulsi, Papaya, Mint, Wheat, Lemon Grass, Curry, Mustard and Bajra) were used. The methanolic extracts from various edible and non-edible parts of the plant (viz. roots, stem, leaf, fruit, flower, bark etc.) were used for comparative analysis of the occurrence of poly-phenolic compounds. The content of total phenolics in the extracts was determined spectrometrically according to the Folin−Ciocalteu procedure and calculated as tannic acid equivalents. Remarkably high polyphenolic content was found in the leaves of Neem (Azadirachtaspp.), Curry (Murrayakoengii) and Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum). Significantly high activity was also seen in cotton flowers, wheat leaves, Ocimumroots and Papaya leaves. This systematic investigation of a number of plants proved important for the search of natural sources for potent antioxidants and thus their medicinal importance.
Antioxidant Activity and Profile of Phenolic Compounds in Selected Herbal Plants
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2022
Herbs are characterized by a high content of biologically active substances that positively affect human health. Phenolic compounds are one of the main bioactive compounds in these plants with highly beneficial properties (e.g., anti-carcinogenic, cardioprotective, immune system support and antibacterial). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the composition of free and bound phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in 10 different herbs (bogbean leaves, sage leaves, whole Indian hemp, whole heartsease, whole horsetail, whole blessed thistle, whole thyme, chamomile flower, corn silk and pine buds). Phenolic compounds were analyzed using the HPLC-TOF-MS/MS method, total phenolic (TP) and flavonoid (TF) contents were measured using spectrophotometric methods, while antioxidant activity was determined by ABTS and DPPH assays. The highest content of free TP was found in thyme, while sage was characterized by the highest range of these compounds released from ester and glycosidic derivatives by hydrolysis. In turn, the highest values of TF in non-hydrolyzed extracts were found in Indian hemp. The highest values of TF, including bound phenols were observed in extracts obtained from sage leaves. In the analyzed herbs thirty-three phenolic compounds were found, constituting 16 phenolic acids, 9 flavonoids and eight stilbenes. Moreover, the analyzed compounds appeared in the bound form than in the free form. The antioxidant activity of herb extracts differed significantly across varieties (P < 0.05). The research showed that each tested herb possesses its own fingerprint of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties.
Comparative Analysis of Antioxidant Properties of Different Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants.
The crude methanolic leaf extracts of Artemisia annua, Withania somnifera and Brassica juncea was studied to evaluate and compare their antioxidant activity by the using in-vitro methods. The extracts was found to contain significant amount of phenols and had high antioxidant potential as found in Folin- Ciocalteau assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay and β-Carotene bleaching assay. The total phenolic contents of the extracts varied from 53.7 mg/gm in Brassica juncea to 69.34mg/gm in Withania somnifera and 72.32mg/gm in Artemisia annua. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity shows that Withania somnifera has 78.18% scavenging effect while Artemisia annua and Brassica juncea showed 66.7% and 56.36 %respectively. The β-carotene bleaching of these plant extracts showed the presence of significant amounts of antioxidants. The total antioxidant content found in the leaf extracts was found to be 193.6 mg/gm dry weight in Artemisia annua, 205mg/gm dry weight in Withania somnifera and 78.18mg/gm dry weight in Brassica juncea.