Assessment of undernutrition by mid-upper arm circumference among Pre-school children of Arambag, Hooghly District, West Bengal, India: An observational study. (original) (raw)
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The study of nutritional status based on mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) among pre-school children in India is very limited. Therefore, a study was carried out from February to June 2006 in three municipal wards of the North 24 Parganas district, West Bengal, India, to determine the nutritional status based on MUAC among urban, poor pre-school children. Undernutrition was defined based on age-and sex-specific MUAC cut-off values as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1995 and 2007. A total of 899 children, 57.5% boys and 42.5% girls, aged 1-5 years were measured randomly and included in the present analysis. Th e overall proportion of undernutrition was 77.8%, of which 52.9 and 24.9% children were moderately and severely undernourished, respectively, using WHO 1995 MUAC cut-off values. Similarly, the rate of undernutrition was 69.8%, of which 43.9 and 25.9% children were moderately and severely undernourished, respectively, when the WHO 2007 MUAC cut-off points were used. Th e prevalence of undernutrition was signifi cantly higher among boys than girls when using either of the cut-off values. Overall, about 9% and 7% of boys and girls, respectively, were overestimated as undernourished by the WHO 1995 cut-off s, as compared to the WHO 2007 cut-off s.
Indian Journal of Physical Anthropology and Human Genetics, 2020
The present communiction investigates the nutritional status, using anthropometric measurements, of preschool children (0-60 months of age) of Rajbanshi community in four villages (Tarangapur, Anaun, Singtore, Balarampur) of Bochadanga Gram Panchayat of Kaliyaganj Block, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal. A sample of 200 children, up to age of 5 years (0-60 months), was selected which included 101 boys and 99 girls. Standing height, weight, head circumference, mid-upper arm circumference were measured on the children and different indices of nutritional status, namely BMI-forAge , head circumference-forage and mid-upper arm circumference-forage were computed. It was noticed that the majority of the studied children were normal, while there were a number of children who were facing severe undernutrition, under-nutrition and over-nutrition. The girls were found to be more severely under-nourished than boys at 4 and 5years.
Childhood undernutrition is a major global health problem, especially in developing countries like India. It leads to increased morbidity and mortality among children. Our study assessed the prevalence of undernutrition among 2-6 year old pre-school children of Bauri caste of Nituria Block, Purulia, West Bengal, India. A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 219 pre-school children in five different villages. Height and weight measurements were made following standard techniques. Height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ) and weightfor-height (WHZ) <-2 z-scores were used to assess stunting, underweight and wasting, respectively, following the NCHS Guidelines. Severity of undernutrition was evaluated on the basis of classification of WHO recommendations. Result revealed that the mean HAZ, WAZ and WHZ were less than (negative value) those of NCHS for both sexes at all ages. Values ranged from -0.91 (HAZ for boys aged 5 years) to -2.05 (WAZ for girls aged 2 years). The overall (age and sex combined) rates of stunting, underweight and wasting were 37.0 %, 48.4 % and 21.5%, respectively. The present study clearly demonstrated that the nutritional situation of these children was serious.
Assessment of Nutritional Status among 2 to 12 Years Children of Two Districts in West Bengal, India
The present study aims to provide the prevalence of thinness among children. The cross-sectional study using weight and stature were conducted on a sample of 2,310 children (1,144 boys and 1,166 girls) aged 2 to 12 years. Participants and their caretakers were informed about the objectives of the study prior to commencement of the study. Overall prevalence of under-nutrition shows that both boys (62.2%) and girls (62.6%) have very high (critical situation) prevalence of thinness. Highest prevalence of thinness among boys was found at the age of 8 years (67.6%) and among girls at age 4 years (82.2%). This study exemplifies the magnitude of childhood under-nutrition (thinness) in the above studied area. A similar study will serve as a resource for future child health interventions in the said areas. To fight under-nutrition among children, an integrated approach is recommended, combining effective community outreach a nd monitoring, nutrition thera py and expanded pa rtnerships w ith nutrition-related organizations in the region.
Human Biology Review, 2017
Aim: Undernutrition is one of the most important problems facing developing countries, including rural India. However, there exists scanty information on the prevalence of undernutrition in the form of stunting, wasting and underweight among preschool children of Sundarban area of West Bengal, India. Methods: This study was carried out among 656 (326 boys; 330 girls) 3-5 years old rural preschool children of Bengalee ethnicity at 28 Integrated Child Development Services centres of Sagar Block, South 24 Parganas District, West Bengal, India. Anthropometric measurements were recorded according to standard procedure and <-2 z-scores of height-forage , weight-for-height and weight-forage age were used to evaluate the level of stunting, wasting and underweight, respectively, following the World Health Organization Guidelines. Results: It revealed that boys were significantly taller and heavier than girls at age combined and also at age 4 & 5 years, except at age 3 years when girls were taller. The overall age and sex combined data showed that rates of stunting, wasting and underweight were 26.22%, 35.37% and 51.07%, respectively. The rates of stunting, wasting and underweight were higher among boys (stunting = 28.22%, wasting = 40.80%, underweight = 53.37%) compared with girls (stunting = 24.24%, wasting = 30.00%, underweight = 48.79). Based on the World Health Organization classification of severity of malnutrition, the overall prevalence of wasting (35.37%) and underweight (51.07%) was very high (≥15%; ≥30%). Conclusion: The nutritional status of the subjects was unsatisfactory. There is scope for improvement in the form of enhanced supplementary nutrition.
Journal of Life Sciences, 2019
The present cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) based undernutrition among Bengalee preschool children. This study was undertaken among 656 (326 boys; 330 girls) 3-5 years old rural Bengalee preschool children of Sagar Block, South 24 Parganas District, West Bengal, India. The MUAC was recorded according to standard procedure and nutritional status was evaluated using the World Health Organization (1995) guidelines. Age combined sex-specific mean values of MUAC among boys and girls were 14.58 (±0.90) cm and 14.48 (±0.85) cm respectively. Significant sex difference was observed at the age of 4 years (t=3.88, P=<0.001). Significant age variations were also found in mean MUAC. The overall prevalence of undernutrition was 25.61 percent. Boys (28.83%) were more undernourished than girls (22.42%). Prevalence of moderate undernutrition was more prevalent than severe undernutrition. Appropriate effective measures should be undertaken to reduce this undernutrition.
Prevalence of Malnutrition among Rural Bengalee Children of Hooghly District, West Bengal, India
MALNUTRITION: PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND OUTCOMES , 2020
ABSTRACT Child undernutrition remains an enduring public health concern in low-income and middle-income countries. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of malnutrition among rural primary school children utilizing new internationally accepted age and sex specific cut offs of body mass index (BMI). Our study was conducted among 822 rural primary school children of Jangipara Block of Hooghly District, West Bengal, India. A total of 812 children (431 girls; 381 boys) aged from 6 to 10 years were eligible for the present study. Anthropometric variables like height in cm and weight in kg were measured according to standard procedures. The BMI was computed following the standard equation to evaluate the nutritional status of these children. All data was analysed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 16.0) software and significance level was set at p<0.05. Results of Independent Sample t test revealed that there was no statistically significant sex difference in mean height, weight and BMI. Significant age differences were observed for girls (HT: F = 117.597, p<0.001; WT: F = 37.210, p<0.001; and BMI: F = 3.988, p<0.01) as well as boys (HT: F = 104.184, p<0.001; WT: F = 26.602, p<0.001 and BMI: F = 2.838, p<0.05). The prevalence of overall thinness, normal, overweight and obese was 48.5%, 45.4%, 4.8% and 1.2%, respectively. No significant age group and sex wise differences were observed in prevalence of different nutritional status category except in overweight (χ2 = 9.538, df = 4 and p<0.05) category. Results of χ2 test also revealed that age combined sex differences in different grades of nutritional status were not statistically significant (χ2 = 4.112; df = 5 and p>0.05). Results indicated that girls were thinner than boys. In contrast, boys were prone to be overweight and obese. All regional studies (including the present) had reported very high prevalence rate of overall thinness according to World Health Organization. Most of the international and national studies had observed a lower rate of overall thinness than our study. In conclusion, the present study clearly indicated that half of the studied girls (50.6%) were undernourished and more boys were overweight and obese. Surveillance of present nutritional schemes and state specific appropriate and immediate new nutritional interventions are required to ameliorate the problem of malnutrition. Keywords: malnutrition, children, nutritional status, thinness, body mass index
Assessment of Nutritional Status of Under-Five Children in an Urban Area of South Delhi, India
Cureus, 2023
Introduction Malnutrition among children continues to be a severe public health problem worldwide, whether in a developing country like India or a developed nation. Correct estimation of the problem is a prerequisite to planning the measures to control it. Objective To estimate the prevalence of undernutrition among children under five years of age by utilizing the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure and the WHO growth charts. Methods From January to March 2020, 1332 children under the age of five years participated in a facility-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study at Fatehpur Beri, Urban Primary Health Center. An anthropometric assessment for each participant was done as per the WHO criteria. The data were entered into a Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA) and analyzed with WHO Anthro software (WHO, Geneva, Switzerland) and a licensed version of SPSS 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Continuous data were expressed using appropriate measures of central tendency, while categorical data were expressed in either frequency or proportions. Results The mean age of the study participants was 23.04 ± 18.24 months, and males (53.3%) were more than (46.7%) females. The prevalence of being underweight was 24.5% (327/1332), of which 24.1% (79/327) of children were severely underweight. Of the total study participants, 27.3% (362/1332) were stunted, and 17.8% (237/1332) were wasted, of which 29.1% (69/237) were severely wasted. The prevalence of anthropometric failure was 45%. Conclusions According to the findings of this study, the prevalence of undernutrition among the study participants was substantial. Furthermore, considering weight for age as the sole criterion may underestimate the true prevalence of malnutrition. The findings have critical implications for future interventions and initiatives among children in India.
Malnutrition: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcomes, 2020
Child undernutrition remains an enduring public health concern in low-income and middle-income countries. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of malnutrition among rural primary school children utilizing new internationally accepted age and sex specific cut offs of body mass index (BMI). Our study was conducted among 822 rural primary school children of Jangipara Block of Hooghly District, West Bengal, India. A total of 812 children (431 girls; 381 boys) aged from 6 to 10 years were eligible for the present study. Anthropometric variables like height in cm and weight in kg were measured according to standard procedures. The BMI was computed following the standard equation to evaluate the nutritional status of these children. All data was analysed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 16.0) software and significance level was set at p<0.05. Results of Independent Sample t test revealed that there was no statistically significant sex difference in mean height, weight and BMI. Significant age differences were observed for girls (HT: F = 117.597, p<0.001; WT: F = 37.210, p<0.001; and BMI: F = 3.988, p<0.01) as well as boys (HT: F = 104.184, p<0.001; WT: F = 26.602, p<0.001 and BMI: F = 2.838, p<0.05). The prevalence of overall thinness, normal, overweight and obese was 48.5%, 45.4%, 4.8% and 1.2%, respectively. No significant age group and sex wise differences were observed in prevalence of different nutritional status category except in overweight (χ2 = 9.538, df = 4 and p<0.05) category. Results of χ2 test also revealed that age combined sex differences in different grades of nutritional status were not statistically significant (χ2 = 4.112; df = 5 and p>0.05). Results indicated that girls were thinner than boys. In contrast, boys were prone to be overweight and obese. All regional studies (including the present) had reported very high prevalence rate of overall thinness according to World Health Organization. Most of the international and national studies had observed a lower rate of overall thinness than our study. In conclusion, the present study clearly indicated that half of the studied girls (50.6%) were undernourished and more boys were overweight and obese. Surveillance of present nutritional schemes and state specific appropriate and immediate new nutritional interventions are required to ameliorate the problem of malnutrition.