The Role of Knowledge-Based Information on BIM for Built Heritage (original) (raw)
Related papers
Building Information Modelling was born for the design of new buildings. Then it has grown as an interesting technology for the studying of architectural heritage. Several researches aim to realize BIMs from surveying data – in particular point clouds – collected using laser scanning, photogrammetry or other traditional survey instruments (HBIM). Other works focus on BIM in order to support the information management during the investigation and the restoration phases (BHIM - Built Heritage Information Modeling). According to this line, this research deals with the opportunity of collecting and managing not only the geometric-dimensional data, but also the huge quantity of historical and recent documents related to built heritage. Indeed, documentation includes many heterogeneous and critical aspects and information, such as drawings, images, or digital models, or analysis on construction materials and technologies, surface degradation, historical building phases, building conservation state, etc. The paper proposes an approach for architectural heritage documentation and safeguard, with the aim to improve BIM potentiality for information computing. BIM model – according to its semantization – is related to an information system and, in this way, 3-D modeling and database modeling are the two sides of a Complex Model for the knowledge of historical buildings. Keywords: BIM; Architectural Heritage; Database; Documentation.
A Reality Integrated BIM for Architectural Heritage Conservation
Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies
Building Information Modeling (BIM) has attracted wide interest in the field of documentation and conservation of Architectural Heritage (AH). Existing approaches focus on converting laser scanned point clouds to BIM objects, but laser scanning is usually limited to planar elements which are not the typical state of AH where free-form and double-curvature surfaces are common. We propose a method that combines low-cost automatic photogrammetric data acquisition techniques with parametric BIM objects founded on Architectural Treatises and a syntax allowing the transition from the archetype to the type. Point clouds with metric accuracy comparable to that from laser scanning allows accurate as-built model semantically integrated with the ideal model from parametric library. The deviation between as-built model and ideal model is evaluated to determine if feature extraction from point clouds is essential to improve the accuracy of as-built BIM.
BIM and Knowledge Management for Built Heritage
Knowledge representation and management play a key role in built heritage field, deeply influencing decisions and actions of the different specialists involved in investigation, intervention, conservation and fruition processes. An accurate and complete representation and comprehension of architectural heritage artefact requires a large amount of semantics related to its intangible aspects such as social and historical context. On these bases, the research presented in this paper investigates the potential impact of Building Information Modelling introduction in built heritage field in order to enhance knowledge management and, as a consequence, collaboration among specialists. To include in the artefact representation both tangible and intangible knowledge, the model has been conceived as the integration of a BIM environment with a knowledge base developed by means of ontologies. To test its features and capabilities, the model has been applied to the archaeological investigation o...
International Journal of Architectural Heritage
In this paper, a new approach for the virtual modeling and reconstruction of Architectural Heritage is presented. The graphic and semantic information required to determine the conservation status of the analyzed buildings, obtained from point clouds and historical and bibliographical data, are combined. The modeled components are used to create a library of parametric elements under the concept of Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM). This represents a solution for the 3D modeling of a wide range of buildings in the same style, due to the flexibility of the modeled elements which can change in shape and proportions, thus adapting to new requirements. Moreover, technical documentation and quantitative and qualitative information can be produced, allowing detailed analysis in a remote and multidisciplinary way within the general framework of "Smart heritage".
A Review of Heritage Building Information Modeling (H-BIM)
Multimodal Technologies and Interaction
Many projects concerning the protection, conservation, restoration, and dissemination of cultural heritage are being carried out around the world due to its growing interest as a driving force of socioeconomic development. The existence of reliable, digital three-dimensional (3D) models that allow for the planning and management of these projects in a remote and decentralized way is currently a growing necessity. There are many software tools to perform the modeling and complete three-dimensional documentation of the intervened monuments. However, the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector has adopted the Building Information Modeling (BIM) standard over the last few decades due to the progress that has been made in its qualities and capabilities. The complex modeling of cultural heritage through commercial BIM software leads to the consideration of the concept of Heritage BIM (H-BIM), which pursues the modeling of architectural elements, according to artistic, historical, and constructive typologies. In addition, H-BIM is considered to be an emerging technology that enables us to understand, document, advertize, and virtually reconstruct the built heritage. This article is a review of the existing literature on H-BIM and its effective implementation in the cultural heritage sector, exploring the effectiveness and the usefulness of the different methodologies that were developed to model families of elements of interest.
Review of built heritage modelling: Integration of HBIM and other information techniques
Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2020
Built heritage documentation involves the 3D modelling of the geometry (typically using 3D computer graphics, photogrammetry and laser scanning techniques) and information management of semantic knowledge (i.e., using Geographic Information System (GIS) and ontology tools). The recent developed Building Information Modelling (BIM) technique combines 3D modelling and information management. One of its modern application is heritage documentation and has generated a new concept of Historic/Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM). This paper summarises the applications of these information techniques on the built heritage documentation. We utilise Web of Science Collection to monitor the publications on built heritage documentation. We analyse the research trend in heritage modelling by comparing the attention paid by researchers before and during the 2010s. The results show that photogrammetry is always the most popular method in heritage modelling. More and more works in heritage modelling have begun to use laser scanning, computer science, GIS and especially BIM techniques. Ontologies and 3D computer graphics are traditional ways for heritage documentation. Moreover, we pay attention to the roles of BIM on heritage documentation and conduct a detailed discussion on how to extend the HBIM capabilities by integrating with other techniques. The integration provides possible enhanced functions in HBIM, including accurate parametric modelling from computer graphics, automatic semantic segmentation of 3D point cloud from reality-based modelling, spatial information management and analysis by GIS, and knowledge modelling by ontology.
Applied Sciences
Nowadays, cultural and historical built heritage can be more effectively preserved, valorised and documented using advanced geospatial technologies. In such a context, there is a major issue concerning the automation of the process and the extraction of useful information from a huge amount of spatial information acquired by means of advanced survey techniques (i.e., highly detailed LiDAR point clouds). In particular, in the case of historical built heritage (HBH) there are very few effective efforts. Therefore, in this paper, the focus is on establishing the connections between semantic and geometrical information in order to generate a parametric, structured model from point clouds using ontology as an effective approach for the formal conceptualisation of application domains. Hence, in this paper, an ontological schema is proposed to structure HBH representations, starting with international standards, vocabularies, and ontologies (CityGML-Geography Markup Language, International...
Semi-automatic generation of bim models for cultural heritage
International Journal of Heritage Architecture: Studies, Repairs and Maintence
The building information modelling (BIM) platforms have serious difficulties to represent historical buildings and cultural heritage. These platforms have no libraries with historical parametric objects able to represent the particular characteristics of the historical buildings. One solution to represent faithfully the buildings is the use of point clouds obtained by laser scanning systems and photogrammetry. However, these clouds points, although they may represent faithfully the geometry of the buildings, are difficult to incorporate to BIM platforms because of the enormous volume of data they contain. Moreover, the particular nature of historic buildings makes it essential to incorporate semantic information including historical and bibliographic data of the analysed building. In this article a new methodology which facilitates the modelling of heritage buildings by incorporating point clouds to BIM platforms and tackling their subsequent treatment for obtaining parametric models is proposed. The obtained models can be incorporated into libraries for later reuse, along with their historical semantic information, under the concept of heritage BIM. To do this, performing cuts, sections and views following the norms, rules and constructive patterns of the different historical architectural periods is proposed. The proposed methodology has been applied to a real case study: the Romanesque church Santa Maria la Real de Mave located in Palencia, Spain. Moreover, the results of the digital modelling of the church are a solution for 3D modelling recurring a wide range of buildings in the same style. This is possible because the shapes and proportions of the modelled elements can be modified to adapt to new requirements without having to restart from scratch. This will allow sections, details, projections and other features to be generated automatically. We can provide quantitative and qualitative information, thus allowing detailed analysis in a remote and multidisciplinary way, within the framework of 'Smart heritage'.
From Point Cloud to Bim: A Modelling Challenge in the Cultural Heritage Field
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2016
Speaking about modelling the Cultural Heritage, nowadays it is no longer enough to build the mute model of a monument, but it has to contain plenty of information inside it, especially when we refer to existing construction. For this reason, the aim of the research is to insert an historical building inside a BIM process, proposing in this way a working method that can build a reality based model and preserve the unicity of the elements. The question is: “What is the more useful mean in term of survey data management, level of detail, information and time savings?” To test the potentialities and the limits of this process we employed the most used software in the international market, taking as example some composed elements, made by regular and complex, but also modular parts. Once a final model is obtained, it is necessary to provide a test phase on the interoperability between the used software modules, in order to give a general picture of the state of art and to contribute to f...