Histopathology of Rat Intestine Infected by Trichinella Spiralis (original) (raw)
Intestinal Trichinella Spiralis Phase In Murine Model
Acta Biológica …, 2009
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Comparison between Trichinella patagoniensis and Trichinella spiralis infection in BALB/c mice
Veterinary Parasitology, 2020
is an endemic disease acquired mainly through consumption of raw pork infected with nematodes larvae from the Trichinella genus. For years, the only species involved in outbreaks in humans and pig foci in Argentina was Trichinella spiralis. In 2008 the presence of a new Trichinella taxon from a cougar (Puma concolor) was detected and recorded in the province of Rio Negro, Argentina, and the finding was established as a new species in 2012: Trichinella patagoniensis. To the best of our knowledge, there is no information available on the intestinal phase and antibody response in a susceptible host during T. patagoniensis infection. Therefore, our research has been designed to study experimental infection with T. patagoniensis compared to infection with T. spiralis in BALB/c mice. One hundred and twenty eight BALB/c mice were divided into two groups and individuals in each group were infected per os with 500 larvae of T. patagoniensis or 500 larvae of T. spiralis, respectively. After that, they were euthanized on different days. Adult worm recovery from small intestines and artificial digestion of each carcass was performed. Histopathology of small intestines was performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Systemic cytokines and antibody kinetics were evaluated. Intestinal adult worm recovery of T. patagoniensis and T. spiralis took place until day 17 and 25, respectively. Systemic IFNγ, IL-10, and TNF showed significant variations in T. patagoniensis infected mice. Seroconversion was detected in animals as from 15 days post-infection (pi) for both T. patagoniensis and T. spiralis, reaching the highest OD value at 42 days pi. Similar microscopic lesions were observed in the small intestine from mice infected with the same dose of T. spiralis and T. patagoniensis. Our findings contribute new information regarding the intestinal phase and the antibody kinetics of T. patagoniensis in BALB/c mice.
Trichinella spiralis: Site selection by the larva during the enteral phase of infection in mice
Experimental Parasitology, 1978
E. 1978. Trichinella spira.2i.s: Site selection by the larva during the enteral phase of infection in mice, Erperimental Parasitology 44, 209-215. Mice, belonging to two strains, were infected by the oral route with muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis. Host animals were killed at various times up to 48 hr after administration of larvae, and the infected small intestines were fixed immediately in 10% neutral formalin.
Veterinary World, 2022
Background and Aim: Trichinellosis remains a dangerous disease for humans and animals, which can lead to a lethal outcome. The study of specific body reactions in response to invasion by different types of Trichinella can help in the early diagnosis of the disease. This study aimed to investigate the hematological, biochemical, and serological characteristics of rabbits experimentally infected with trichinellosis, as well as the possibility of using changes in these parameters at various disease stages for early hematological, biochemical, and serological diagnosis of trichinellosis. Materials and Methods: Three groups of rabbits were orally infected with Trichinella nativa and Trichinella spiralis derived from encysted T. spirtalis larvae in pork muscle samples. The first and second groups were infected with T. nativa and T. spiralis, respectively, while the third group served as control by receiving a physiological solution. An ADVIA 2120i automatic hematology analyzer with a blood smear staining module was used to determine the hematological parameters of rabbits. Antigens were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies in the sera of infected rabbits that were supernatants containing excretory-secretory antigens (ES-Ag) and somatic antigen (S-Ag). Results: The detection of biochemical responses to the invasion of T. nativa and T. spiralis isolates was detected and hematological parameters were featured in two cases. Trichinella nativa increased the number of erythrocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils, and thrombocytes on day 7 in rabbits. Creatine kinase (CK) is regarded as the most important indicator for the early detection of parasite invasion. Blood biochemistry showed no active response to T. spiralis infection. However, counts of erythrocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and CK rose significantly. In both color indicators, the number of thrombocytes decreased. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with ES-Ag and S-Ag of these isolates demonstrated the ability to detect antibodies as early as 7 days after infection, with a significant increase in the marker up to 70 days. Conclusion: On the 7th day after infection, blood tests of infected animals revealed CK-N-acetyl-cysteine (18.2%) and neutrophils (43%) when infected with T. nativa and neutrophils (26.7%) and lymphocytes (20%) when infected with T. spiralis. These indicators may serve as specific parameters for the early detection of Trichinella spp. invasion.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology
Trichinosis is a parasitic disease, caused by a nematode worm of the genus Trichinella. Infection is caused by ingestion of undercooked contaminated meat with infective parasitic larvae. The study assessed the muscle apoptotic and vascular changes in T. spiralis infected mice after intra-muscular artemether injection. This study included 80 clean laboratory-bred Swiss albino mice orally infected with 200 T. spiralis larvae/mouse. Four groups of mice (20 mice each), GI: non-infected (control normal); GII: infected untreated (control infected); GIII: infected then treated with artemether injection 1.25mg/kg 45days post-infection (dpi) and GIV: infected then treated with artemether injection 25mg/kg 45dpi. On the 60 th dpi, mice were sacrificed. All groups were evaluated parasitologically by assessing the number of intestinal worms and muscular encysted larvae, histopathological assessment of intestinal and muscle changes and immune-histochemical assessment of BAX marker for apoptotic changes and CD34 marker for vascular changes.
Biology and genome of Trichinella spiralis
2006
Clade I nematode species in the genus Trichinella can cause infections in humans that lead to mortality and serious morbidity. There are currently eight recognized species or genotypes that comprise this genus. The species display diverse biological characteristics, the evolutionary significance of which recently has been extensively clarified. Some of that diversity translates into variable importance as zoonotic pathogens, with T. spiralis having the highest significance. Trichinellosis has re-emerged as an important zoonotic infection in various parts of the world, reminding us that control of this infection depends on persistent vigilance. Trichinella species display unique and biologically interesting complexity in interactions with host cells that they inhabit. Significant progress has been made toward understanding details of these interactions. Progress on transcriptomics, proteomics and now genomics offers exciting prospects for accelerating advances in future research. An overview of these parasites regarding biology, significance as zoonotic pathogens and selected research topics is presented here. antigens of the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis. . Trichinosis with ventilatory failure and persistent myocarditis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 16, 500-504. Abstract Conrad, R., Thomas, J., Spieth, J., and Blumenthal, T. (1991). Insertion of part of an intron into the 5′ untranslated region of a Caenorhabditis elegans gene converts it into a trans-spliced gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11, 1921-1926. Abstract Cuperlovic, K., Djordjevic, M., and Pavlovic, S. (2005. Re-emergence of trichinellosis in southeastern Europe due to political and economic changes. Vet. Parasitol. 132, 159-166. Abstract Article Dea-Ayuela, M.A., Ubeira, F.M., Pitarch, A., Gil, C., Martinez-Fernandez, A.R., and Bolas, F. (2001). A comparison of antigenic peptides in muscle larvae of several Trichinella species by two-dimensional western-blot analysis with monoclonal antibodies. Parasite 8, S117-S119. Abstract Denkers, E.Y., Wassom, D.L., and Hayes, C.E. (1990). Characterization of Trichinella spiralis antigens sharing an immunodominant, carbohydrate-associated determinant distinct from phosphorylcholine. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 41, 241-249. Abstract Article Despommier, D. (1975). Adaptive changes in muscle fibers infected with Trichinella spiralis. Am. J. Pathol. 78, 477-496. Abstract Despommier, D.D. (1983). . Trichinella spiralis: secreted antigen of the infective L1 larva localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of infected host cells. Exp. Parasitol. 71, 27-38. Abstract Article Dick, T.A. (1983). Species and intraspecific variations in Trichinella and Trichinellosis. In (New York and London: Plenum Press), pp. 31-73. Dordevic, M. (1991). Detection of Trichinella by various methods in Yugoslavia. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health 22, 326-328. Abstract Dupouy-Camet, J. (2000). Trichinellosis: a worldwide zoonosis. Vet. Parasitol. 93, 191-200. Abstract Article Ellis, L.A., Reason, A.J., Morris, H.R., Dell, A., Iglesias, R., Ubeira, F.M., and Appleton, J.A. (1994). Glycans as targets for monoclonal antibodies that protect rats against Trichinella spiralis. Glycobiology 4, 585-592. Abstract Finkelman, F.D., Shea-Donohue, T., Morris, S.C., Gildea, L., Strait, R., Madden, K.B., Schopf, L., and Urban, J.F. J. (2004). Interleukin-4-and interleukin-13-mediated host protection against intestinal nematode parasites. Immunol. Rev. 201, 139-155. Abstract Article Flisser, A., reproduction of Trichinella spiralis are supported in vitro by intestinal epithelial cells. Infect. Immun. 70, 1853-1859. Abstract Article Gamble, H.R. (1998). Sensitivity of artificial digestion and enzyme immunoassay methods of inspection for trichinae in pigs. J. Food Prot. 61, 339-343. Abstract Biology and genome of Trichinella spiralis spiralis, T. britovi, and T. nativa?: infectivity, larval distribution in muscle, and antibody response after experimental infection of pigs. Parasitol. Res. 84, 264-271. Abstract Article Katz M, D.D., Gwadz R. (1989). Parasitic Diseases, Second edition edn (New York: Springer Verlag). Kefenie, H., and Bero, G. (1992). Trichinosis from wild boar meat in Gojjam, north-west Ethiopia. Trop. Geogr. Med. 44, 278-280. Abstract Khan, W.I., and Collins, S.M. (2004). Immune-mediated alteration in gut physiology and its role in host defence in nematode infection. Parasite Immunol. 26, 319-326. Abstract Article Kim, C.W. (1991). The significance of changing trends in trichinellosis. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health 22 Suppl, 316-320. Abstract . (2004). Expression profiling reveals novel innate and inflammatory responses in the jejunal epithelial compartment during infection with Trichinella spiralis. Infect. Immun. 72, 6076-6086. Abstract Article Kociecka, W. (1993). Early clinical syndromes of severe trichinellosis., In Trichinellosis. . Are bacillary bands responsible for expulsion of Trichinella spiralis? Vet. Parasitol. 132, 69-73. Abstract Article Krause, M., and Hirsh, D. (1987). A trans-spliced leader sequence on actin mRNA in C. elegans. Cell 49, 753-761. Abstract Article Kuratli, S., Hemphill, A., Lindh, J., Smith, D.F., and Connolly, B. (2001). Secretion of the novel Trichinella protein TSJ5 by T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis muscle larvae. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 115, 199-208. Abstract Article Kwan-Lim, G.E., Gregory, W.F., Selkirk, M.E., Partono, F., and Maizels, R.M. (1989). Secreted antigens of filarial nematodes: a survey and characterization of in vitro excreted/secreted products of adult Brugia malayi. Parasite Immunol. 11, 629-654. Abstract Lang, B.F., M.W., G., and Burger, G. (1999). Mitochondrial genome evolution and the origin of eukaryotes. Annu. Rev. Genet. 33, 351-397. Abstract Article Larget, B., Holder, M.T., Lewis, P.O., and Swofford, D.L. (2005). Hastings ratio of the local proposal used in Bayesian phylogenetics. Syst. Biol. 54, 961-965. Abstract Article Lavrov, D., Brown, W., and Boore, J. (2004). Phylogenetic position of the Pentastomida and (pan)crustacean relationships. Proc. Biol. Sci. 271, 537-544. Abstract Article Lavrov, D.V., and Brown, W.M. (2001). Trichinella spiralis mtDNA: A Nematode Mitochondrial Genome That Encodes a Putative ATP8 and Normally Structured tRNAs and Has a Gene Arrangement Relatable to Those of Coelomate Metazoans. Genetics 157, 621-637. Abstract Li, C.K., Seth, R., Gray, T., Bayston, R., Mahida, Y.R., and Wakelin, D. (1998). Production of proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators in human intestinal epithelial cells after invasion by Trichinella spiralis. intestinal epithelia in vitro by the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis. Infect. Immun. 65, 4806-4812. Abstract Biology and genome of Trichinella spiralis
Parasitology Research, 2017
An experimental study to enhance knowledge on the capability of Trichenella spiralis to pass from guinea pigs to progeny at different periods of pregnancy or lactation was performed. For this purpose, 18 female adult guinea pigs were inoculated with 100 or 1000 T. spiralis muscle larvae (ML) during early, late gestation and during lactation period. The presence of T. spiralis (ML) in mothers and newborns was studied through enzymatic digestion from muscle samples. ML were observed in 9 of 42 newborn guinea pigs and levels of infection were significantly higher when infections of mothers were done during late gestation (p = 0.0046) with the high infective dose (p = 0.0043). T. spiralis ML were not recovered from any of the newborns from mothers infected in the lactation period. Ten out of 18 infected mothers presented larvae 1 in their mammary glands. Muscle samples from the tongue and the masseter showed the highest larval burdens. These observations confirm previous reports on that ML of T. spiralis are capable to pass through placental tissues to reach and encyst in striated muscle groups of newborn guinea pigs. This study may also reinforce the importance of preventive programs to control trichinellosis in those endemic areas where pregnant women would have high risk of infection.
Parasites & Vectors
Background: The main targets of the host’s immune system in Trichinella spiralis infection are the adult worms (AW), at the gut level, and the migrant or newborn larvae (NBL), at systemic and pulmonary levels. Most of the studies carried out in the gut mucosa have been performed on the Payer’s patches and/or the mesenteric lymph nodes but not on the lamina propria, therefore, knowledge on the gut immune response against T. spiralis remains incomplete. Methods This study aimed at characterizing the early mucosal immune response against T. spiralis, particularly, the events taking place between 1 and 13 dpi. For this purpose, Wistar rats were orally infected with muscle larvae of T. spiralis and the humoral and cellular parameters of the gut immunity were analysed, including the evaluation of the ADCC mechanism exerted by lamina propria cells. Results A marked inflammation and structural alteration of the mucosa was found. The changes involved an increase in goblet cells, eosinophils ...
2009
Several biochemical and hematological changes are currently observed during Trichinella infection in humans and animals. The aim of the present work was to detect biochemical, hematological and serological changes occurring during Trichinella britovi infection in pig. 5 pigs were infested with 15.000 larvae, respectively 5000 larvae. Blood samples were recovered individually for up to 80 days post-infection (p.i.). Increased values were revealed for ASAT, ALAT, LDH, CPK and eosinophils. No changes were identified for, PA, creatinine, hematies, hematocrite, hemoglobin. Serum antibodies identified by ELISA ES (Pourquier Institute) were revealed from day 10 p.i., for the group infected with 15.000 larvae (3/5 pigs reacted positively). By day 26 p.i. the entire group presented higher values than the cutoff. Furthermore, the pigs infested with 5.000 larvae were detected positive for antibodies anti-Trichinella beginning with day 40 post infection. Work founded by the Romanian Education Ministry through the "CEEX" project (contract 99-2006-2008).