Economics of Waterleaf (Talinumtriangulare) Production in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Economic Analysis of Waterleaf Production and Marketing Efficiency in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
2014
Vegetable production in Nigeria plays an important role in food sufficiency, employment generation and poverty reduction. This research is to investigate the production and marketing efficiency of waterleaf at the farm level in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Data were obtained from 100 randomly-selected waterleaf producers and analyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin and regression analysis. The results revealed that majority of them were female (79%), aged 41-46 years (40%), married (42%), moderately educated, SSCE (31%), family size of 3-4 persons (27%), farming experience of 1-3 years (29%), owning about 1-2ha-1 of farmland (46%). Also, 35% sourced capital form personal savings, 26% invest N2, 000-N5, 000 in waterleaf production, 73% depends on previous farm produce` for planting materials, 51% did not belong to any cooperative group, 39% met with Agricultural Extension officers once. The average revenue was N450, 000.00/ha-1 , while total cost was N145, 050/ha-1 with labour (53.76%) being the highest. The total variable cost was 64.1%; while the fixed cost was 35.9 %. The enterprise had an average net income of N304, 950.00/ha with an average rate of return of 3.1. Marketing efficiency was higher in Channels-I (10.0) and II (4.50). Channel-III (3.42) was found to be less efficient. The regression result of R 2 = 0.85 implies that 85% of the variability in output was explained by the combined effect of the independent variables. Coefficient of education level and capital were positive and significant at 5% level, household size was positive and significant at 1% level. Major constraints were: scarcity of water during dry seasons, high cost of manure, lack of access to credit, bad road network, poor marketing prices, and poor extension contacts. There is the need to encourage them to produce on medium and scales so as to further increase their productivity and efficiency levels, which may probably result in food sufficiency and in the crop's exportation.
American Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and …, 2007
Output-oriented technical efficiency indices were estimated by stochastic production frontier functions to survey data collected from 60 waterleaf farmers in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State with the aid of structured questionnaire. Using the maximum likelihood estimation technique, asymptotic parameter estimates were evaluated to describe efficiency determinants. Specifically, farm size, planting materials, labour, fertilizer and farmyard manure were estimated to be major determinants in waterleaf production. In this regard, a unit increase in any of the factors would result to less than proportionate increase in the output of waterleaf harvested. With regards to inefficiency model specified, the finding revealed the relative importance of farmers' ages, household size and contact with extension agents in explaining the observed distribution of the farm level inefficiency indices. Findings also revealed a mean efficiency index of 0.65 implying that output from maize production could be increased by 35 percent using available technology.
2015
This study analyzed the proitability level of waterleaf production in three selected agricultural zones of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The study was based on primary data obtained from a random sample of 60 waterleaf farmers and analyzed using descriptive statistics, proitability ratios and regression analysis. The result of the analysis shows that the majority (90%) of the farmers had some level of formal education. Labour had the highest percentage (58%) of total cost of production, suggesting that waterleaf production was labour intensive in the area. The average net income per hectare per waterleaf production cycle was N322,413 while the average total cost was N89,307,18. Labour cost constituted the highest percentage of total variable cost. The proitability index (0.78), rate of returns on investment (361%), rate of returns on variable cost (482%), and operating ratio (0.21) suggest that waterleaf production was proitable in the study area. The identiied major factors that enhance the output of waterleaf were the application of poultry manure, bigger household size (cheap labour), level of education of the farmer and level of capital. These observations underscore the need for the provision of credit facilities and some kind of adult education programme for the farmers. These will respectively ensure that they apply the right quantity of purchased inputs (like fertilizers, hired labour and capital) in their production process and improve their human capital.
The study analyzed costs and returns of plantain production in Tai Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Objectively, the study described the socioeconomic characteristics of plantain producers, estimated the costs and returns of plantain production, and identified the constraints associated with plantain production in the study area. Using survey research design, copies of structured questionnaire were administered to 90 farmers by simple random sampling technique and the emanating data were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics, mean score (likert scale), and gross margin. On socioeconomic characteristics, the result showed that 55.6% of the plantain farmers were male against 44.4% whom were female. Also 54% of them were between the ages of 31-35 years and 17.8% were between the ages of 44-56 years. On education status, 40% of the farmers had Secondary education, 34% of them had Primary education, while 25.6% of them had tertiary education. Gross margin analysis showed that, the annual variable cost of plantain production was N2,133,056 which accounted for a gross margin of N309,167.00. In addition, the estimated average annual profit of the plantain farmers stood at N2,075,577, an indication of the profitability of plantain production. Result on the constraints associated with plantain production showed that lack of storage facility and theft were the major constraints identified having a respective mean score of 3.61 and 3.17. The study recommended that Government and civil society should work to enhance security in rural areas to curb the incidence of theft of agricultural produce.
Economic Analysis of Floricultural Plants Production in Kwara State, North Central Nigeria
In spite of the substantial contribution of floriculture to the Nigerian economy, there is still a low level of awareness on the potential of the horticultural subsector of the Nigerian agricultural sector to generate employment and reduce poverty. This study therefore carried out an assessment of the economics of floricultural plants production in Kwara State, Nigeria. The study specifically estimated the returns to farmer's labour and management. It also assessed the determinants of returns to floricultural plant production in the state. Data used for the study were collected from the forty one registered floricultural plant producers in the study area using structured questionnaire. The farm budget and regression analyses were used for data analyses. The study revealed that returns to farmer's labour and management was N174, 974.7/ha on the average. Use of manure, labour, farm size, experience, educational level and age of the farmer were found to have significant influence on farmer's revenue. Inadequate capital to expand the scale of production was identified as the major constraints to floricultural plant production in the study area. The study therefore recommends that farmers be supported by making credit facilities available to them and that people be enlightened on the profitability potential of the enterprise.
Economic Analysis of Crop Production under Jibiya Irrigation Project, Katsina State, Nigeria
2016
ll L en gt h Re se ar ch A rti cle ABSTRACT: The study examined costs and returns of crop production under Jibiya Irrigation Project as well as problems that were militating against the achievement of the Project objectives. 120 farmers were randomly sampled and interviewed. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and farm budgeting model. The average age and land holding of the farmers were 42 years and 0.8ha, respectively. Majority of the farmers were married and can read and write. Most of them had between 0- 5 and 0- 3 children and dependants, respectively. Their average costs of crop production were N 94,513.61, N 90,969.20 and N 3,544.41 per hectare of total, variable and fixed cost, respectively. Whereas the total revenue, gross margin and net farm income they obtained were N 190,329.36, N 99,360.16 and N 95,815.75 per hectare, respectively. They enjoyed a net return on investment of N 1.01. There were many problems facing the farmers, which if not addressed adequ...
The study compared the costs and returns of rice production under rainfed and irrigation methods in the Upper Benue River Basin in Dadinkowa, Gombe State, Nigeria. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 40 randomly selected rice farmers who engaged in both rainfed and irrigated production in the area. Descriptive statistics and gross margin analysis were employed in data analysis. Results showed that mean age, farming experience and farm size of the respondents were 59.84 years, 26.63 years and 0.35 ha respectively. In both cases, labor constituted the major component of total costs of production while sales of unthreshed rice was the major income component in rainfed (40.00%) and irrigated (45.00%) production methods. Moreover, the per hectare gross margin and net return per naira invested in rainfed production were N 61,606.12 and 0.51 respectively; while in the irrigation method the respective values were N100,889.00 and 0.78. Furthermore, results revealed that water supply (83.33%), extension activities (78.90%) and canal maintenance (70.27%) were the most satisfied services while fertilizer supply was the least as indicated by the respondents. The study testifies that both the production methods were profitable, though the irrigation was more profitable and recommends both methods but prefers irrigated in alternative situations.
This study examined the effect of factors of production on the output of rice farmers in Ivo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. One hundred (100) farmers were randomly selected from twenty villages (20) out of twenty eight in the study area and interviewed with aid of interview schedule. The objective 1, farmers' socioeconomic characteristics and 4, constraints to swamp rice production, the objective 2, the effect of production factors on the farmers output was analyzed using Ordinary least square regression, while gross margin analysis was used to capture objective 4, profitability of rice production in the study area. Results revealed that fertilizer and labour had positive significant effects on rice output, while planting material was negative but significant. Other inputs used and pesticides, although not significant had positive influence on the output swamp rice is profitable in the study area. Poor access to credit, inadequate extension contact, inadequate improved rice varieties; high cost of fertilizer and poor yield were the major factors affecting swamp rice production in the study area. The implications of the study, including; to draw reference for further research work and for teaching purposes.
Income and Factor Analysis of Watermelon Production in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 2015
This study examined the income and factor productivity in watermelon production in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A multi stage sampling technique was used to select a total of 90 respondents for the study. Data were obtained with the aid of a pre tested structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to describe and categorize the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents, Gross margin analysis was used to analyze the cost and returns to watermelon production and Cobb Douglas production function was used to evaluate the input factor productivity. Results showed that the farmers are relatively young with average age of 33.16 years with a sizable number of the respondents (33.33%) having passed through tertiary education. It was also observed that the farmers are typically smallholders with average farm size of 1.11ha. The result of the gross margin analysis showed that watermelon production is profitable with a gross margin of N138, 044:22 per hectare. The result of the Cobb Douglas production function shows that the coefficients of cost of fertilizer (0.7081) and cost of agrochemicals (0.5117) were positively significant at 5%, while the coefficient of labour was negative (-0.2041) and significant at 10%. The overall factor productivity index is 1.14 implying an increasing return to scale in water melon production in the study area. However, lack of capital was identified as a major production constraint.
Economic Analysis of Plantain Production in Irewole Local Government Area,Osun State, Nigeria
2009
This paper carried out economic analysis of plantain production to see how profitable it is, and what factors impact on its output. Data for the study was obtained, through random sampling technique involving 100 plantain producers, with the aid of well structured questionnaire. Budgetary technique and multiple regression analysis, involving the use of ordinary least technique (OLS) were employed in analyzing data set for this paper. Budgetary analysis, as revealed by mean net revenue (profit) per hectare by farm size (x1668.75), shows that plantain production is profitable. Multiple regression results, revealed that farm size, hired labour wage, fertilizer and cooperative membership are significant at p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.10, respectively. Returns to scale of all inputs used in plantain production was found to be above unity (1.24), showing that plantain producers are in the irrational stage of production. It is thus concluded that plantain production is econo...