Chitosan Silver and Gold Nanoparticle Formation Using Endophytic Fungi as Powerful Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Potentialities (original) (raw)
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Synthesis of Antimicrobial Chitosan-Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Reusable Chitosan Fungal Beads
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), have gained significant attention in recent years as potential alternatives to traditional antibiotics for treating infectious diseases due to their ability to inhibit the growth of microorganisms effectively. Ag NPs can be synthesized using fungi extract, but the method is not practical for large-scale production due to time and biomass limitations. In this study, we explore the use of chitosan to encapsulate the mycelia of the white-rot fungus Stereum hirsutum and form chitosan fungal beads for use in multiple extractions and nanoparticle synthesis. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, including UV-vis spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The analysis revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles were composed of chitosan-silver nanoparticles (CS-Ag NPs) with a size of 25 nm. The chitosan fungal beads were reused in th...
Egyptian Journal of Microbiology, 2021
ILVER nanoparticles (AgNPs) are broadly applied in numerous industries due to their exclusive physico-chemical and antimicrobial properties. Herein, the biosynthesis of extremely stable silver nanoparticles by the extracellular extract of the novel strain Aspergillus sakultaensis AUMC13885 is investigated for the first time. The physico-chemical characteristics of the synthesized AgNPs were assayed by using UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). The UV-vis recorded a maximum absorption band at 405nm, which matched to the surface plasmon absorbance of silver nanoparticles. Aspergillus sakultaensis AUMC13885 synthesized a uniformly distributed AgNPs of 5-25nm in size estimated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Detection of the proteins binding to the synthesized nanoparticles was conducted by FT-IR analysis. The optimum conditions for AgNPs biosynthesis in this study were 1.0mM substrate, alkaline pH, reaction temperature of 80°C, and reaction time of 120hrs. The activity of AgNPs against human pathogenic bacteria was conducted by well diffusion assay. Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus vulgaris were sensitive to the synthesized AgNPs that affirm the antibacterial activity. Consequently, this study contributes with the eco-friendly biogenic way for producing potential antibacterial AgNPs against resistant human pathogens and attributes growing interest on fungi as a sustainable source for nanoparticles synthesis.
2014
In this study, we investigated the fungus Aspergillus terreus used for the biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles. The cell free filtrate of Aspergillus terreus reacted with AgNo3 and HAuCl4 ions separately, resulting formation of silver and gold nanoparticles. The silver and gold nanoparticles were characterized by Visual analysis, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The silver and gold nanoparticles exhibited maximum absorbance at 430 and 540 nm in UVVis spectroscopy.TEM micrograph showed polydisperse spherical and ellipsoid nanoparticles in the size range from 1-50 nm. Aspergillus terreus synthesizedsilver nanoparticles found strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella sps. Howevergold nanoparticles do not showed any antibacterial activity. Biological approach using the fungi is a novel way towards the safe, cost effective and ecofriendly method for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles is gaining importance...
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2022
Multi drug resistance is increasing day by day due to misuse of antibiotics. Several potent metabolites are produced by fungi. Synthesis of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) Due to its simple, harmless, time-saving, and cost-effective characteristics, it has acquired great popularity in recent years. A variety of analytical techniques were used to synthesize AgNPs from Aspergillus fumigatus extracts, including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The effect of synthesis AgNPs and crude extract noted against different bacterial pathogens. Maximum antibacterial activity were noticed against tested bacteria by both fungal crude extract and (AgNPs) Maximum antibacterial activity of Ethyl acetate crude extract at 50µl concentration (12mg/1ml DMSO) showed (15mm) zone of inhibition against E.coli. While minimum antibacterial activity of Ethyl crude extract at 50µl concentration was observed against S.typhi (12mm). Highest antibacterial activity of Ethyl acetate crude extract at 100µl was noted against E.coli which showed (20mm) zone of inhibition. While (17mm) zone of inhibition was observed against S.typhi at 100µl concentration Ethyl acetate crude extract and AgNPs (25mm) zone of inhibition was observed against E.coli at 100µl concentration Ethyl acetate crude extract and AgNPs respectively. During UV-visible spectroscopy, surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) was observed at 432 nm, which confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs. The SEM micrograph demonstrated the spherical shape of AgNPs. The results of FTIR research revealed that phenolic, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups played a crucial role in the reduction of Ag+ ions into AgNPs, while amide linkage and amino acids stabilized AgNPs. AgNPs synthesized were XRD peaks that revealed phase purity, size, internal crystalline structure, and nature. In the pharmaceutical and medical fields, AgNPs synthesized from Aspergillus fumigatus extract could be of great importance. While, the combination of AgNPs and crude extract Aspergillus fumigatus enhances their antimicrobial effect which increase their importance in future studies
2012
Recently, biosynthesis of nanoparticles has received attention due to an increasing need of developing rapid, simple and ecofriendly protocol. Pathogenicity of some of the organisms and lengthy reaction are the drawbacks involved with biosynthesis. We describe a simple protocol for rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles through biological route using a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus niger. Silver nanoparticles biosynthesis could be achieved within 3 minutes (which otherwise generally takes about 24h) by altering pH of the reaction mixture. Silver nanoparticles biosynthesized at different pH have been observed to have antimicrobial potentials against four test bacteria (viz. Bacillus megaterium, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella sonnei). Further, combined effect of Gentamicin and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles and effect of culture condition (pH) on antimicrobial effect have also been studied. Based on the findings it is concluded that the present study pr...
BioNanoScience, 2020
Biogenic silver nanoparticles (Bio-AgNPs) have been recognized to play a major role in the fight against multi-drug-resistant pathogens. The present study evaluates antifungal efficacy of biogenic AgNPs conjugated with a natural polymer chitosan (derived from shrimp (Penaeus monodon) shells). Bio-AgNPs used for conjugation were produced by a mycoendophyte Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (KX881911) isolated from the medicinal plant Withania somnifera (L.). During the last decade, although numerous reports on Bio-AgNPs with antimicrobial activity have been reported, insights on the usage of conjugates of Bio-AgNPs have been scarce. Candida species are responsible for severe nosocomial infections and which has developed resistance against many antifungal agents. The current study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity of Bio-AgNPs conjugated with chitosan (Ch Bio-AgNPs) on various Candida species isolated from patients. The fungicidal activity was screened by well diffusion assay and TTC assay. Antibiofilm activity against Candida species was well elucidated by Congo red agar and Crystal Violet assay. Ch Bio-AgNPs showed the potent antifungal effect at 50 μg/ml concentration on all the selected Candida species, and the disruption and distortion of cells were documented well with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM images showed adhesion and entry of Ch Bio-AgNPs into the cells and release of cellular inclusions along with cell damage and distorted cell morphology. To conclude, the study suggests that Ch Bio-AgNP is a potential antifungal agent to treat drug-resistant pathogenic Candida species.
Polymers
Biosynthesized metal nanoparticles, especially silver and gold nanoparticles, and their conjugates with biopolymers have immense potential in various fields of science due to their enormous applications, including biomedical applications. Polymeric nanoparticles are particles of small sizes from 1 nm to 1000 nm. Among different polymeric nanoparticles, chitosan-coated silver and gold nanoparticles have gained significant interest from researchers due to their various biomedical applications, such as anti-cancer, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory technologies, as well as targeted drug delivery, etc. Multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria have become a serious threat to public health day by day. Novel, effective, and safe antibacterial agents are required to control these multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. Chitosan-coated silver and gold nanoparticles could be effective and safe agents for controlling these pathogens. It is proven that both chitosan ...
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2014
https://www.ijert.org/biosynthesis-and-characterization-of-silver-nanoparticles-from-aspergillus-terreus-and-its-antibacterial-efficacy-against-vrsa-strains https://www.ijert.org/research/biosynthesis-and-characterization-of-silver-nanoparticles-from-aspergillus-terreus-and-its-antibacterial-efficacy-against-vrsa-strains-IJERTV3IS061701.pdf The alarming growth of Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) is the main force for the development of a new agent to restore the antibacterial activity against VRSA. In the present study Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using the fungus Aspergillus terreus. Thus produced AgNPs were characterized by Visual observation, UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The AgNPs exhibited maximum Absorbance at 400nm under UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. FTIR confirmed the presence of protein as the stabilizing agent surrounding the silver nanoparticles. Further crystalline nature of the AgNPs was confirmed by XRD.TEM micrograph showed 20-35nm size of the AgNPs and revealed morphological characters of silver nanoparticles to be spherical. The AgNPs from A.terreus showed significant antibacterial activity against VRSA strains and at the same time the synergistic effect of AgNPs in conjugation with the resistant antibiotic Vancomycin showed no significant change when compared to AgNPs alone. These results clearly indicates that Vancomycin resistant S.aureus is susceptible to only AgNPs, which could be the best antibacterial agent against VRSA alternative to Vancomycin antibiotic.
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