Therapeutic Applications of Biomarkers in Health Assessment and Toxicity (original) (raw)

Future research directions in the use of biomarkers

Environmental Health Perspectives, 1996

Many DNA adduct studies have been carried out in occupational groups that have been at a risk of cancer based on epidemiological results relating to exposures decades ago. Even new epidemiological publications on cancer cannot accurately address the effective exposures after about 1970. This is one justification for biomarker studies. Another justification is exposures for which epidemiological studies have not been conducted or have provided inadequate results, in spite of suspicions raised by short-term or animal experiments. The modulation of environmental carcinogenesis by host polymorphism in genes for xenobiotic metabolizing and DNA repair enzymes is currently under extensive investigation. The studies relating phenotype/genotype to cancer are presently extended to various end points that may be related to cancer such as DNA adducts and cytogenetic damage. Adjustment for a metabolic phenotype or genotype may also increase the precision in the measurement. Mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes may give clues to the etiology of cancer. Environ Health Perspect 1 04(Suppl 3): 459-464 (1996)

Biomarkers and Cancers

Biomarkers are characteristic biological indicators used to identify physical damage or disruption of physiological processes in humans and animals. Historically, various biomarkers have been used to monitor functional changes, including radioactive isotopes, stable isotopes, fatty acids, etc. Thanks to biomarkers, many changes are successfully monitored and identified by biomonitoring using minimally invasive techniques. These methods are becoming increasingly important for the study, not only of changes, but also of interactions between wild and domestic animals, humans, plant life, and the environment.

Use of Biological Markers and Pharmacokinetics in Human Health Risk Assessment

Environmental Health Perspectives, 1991

The potential ofbiologic markers to provide more timely and precise risk assessments for environmental carcinogens is viewed against the current state-of-the-art in biological monitoring/molecular epidemiolo. Biologic markers such as carinogen-DNA adducts and oncogene activation are currently considered valid qualitative indicators of potential risk, but for most chemical exposures research is needed to establih their validity as quantitative dtors of cancer risk. Biologic markers have, however, already provided valuable insights into the uagnitude of interindividual variation in response to carcinogenic exposures, with major implications for risk assessnent.

Biomarkers in Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

Philips Research

The concept of biomarkers is becoming more relevant in disease diagnosis and prognosis, as well as in pharmaceutical drug development. The particular role of these biomarkers is to improve the early diagnosis of human disorders, to give an individual prognosis of the stage and progression of a diagnosed disease, and to predict and monitor the effectiveness of an applied therapy. In medical compound development, their main impact will be on the prediction of adverse and toxic effects, and clinical efficacy of new chemical entities in man.

Biomarkers in Human and Environmental Health Risk Studies

Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2018

Uncertainties in human health risk assessment, and the measuring on the impacts of contaminants have attracted great concern. Uncertainties, source-to-outcome, exposure assessment, hazard and risk characterisations are a number of techniques that have been applied to maximize results. Experts’ opinions and quantitative tools have been applied to narrow the gap between data and rules for regulatory purposes. Bio monitoring information, in vitro data streams and computational toxicology are major areas for human health risk assessment. A need for a biomarkers data bank is of utmost need to minimize uncertainties in the toxicological environmental human health risk assessment field.