Polish Navy in Security of Strategic Fossil Fuels Supplies – Adequate Ships (original) (raw)

Poland's Strategic Concept for Maritime Security (2017)

The creation of a strategic concept document on maritime security of Poland is based on the need for safe conditions for the growth of maritime economy and the development of a vision for the evolution and functioning of the Polish maritime force. The unsuccessful use of Poland’s seaside location at the Baltic Sea for the last couple of years resulted in the negligence of maritime forces and the Polish Navy in particular. This in turn led not only to a radical drop of its combat power and the uncertainty as to its future but also to unrealised prospects resulting from Poland joining the Euro-Atlantic structures. A lack of vision for the purpose and use of maritime forces leads to a selective development planning and thus, to the employment of modernisation plans that fit the ever changing state of security only in a limited manner. The aim of this concept document is to provide the first, necessary step for a a methodical transformation of the national security system, in particular in the area of maritime operations, the introduction of order and sequence in the development of Polish maritime forces and the use of our seaside location. The recommendations included herein should be appropriately used by all state and private parties responsible for planning and implementation of operations in the area of the country's maritime security and in particular should lead to the creation of a future Maritime Strategy of Poland.

Conditions for the Development of the Polish Navy During the Period of Maritime Powers Rivalry

2020

The 21st century rivalry of the maritime powers took the form of substitute activities. These are military incidents, control, or seizure of a shipping entity, and activities that threaten shipping itself. This determines the state of maritime security of Poland, because the Baltic has become one of the areas of its conduct. The adopted form of importing energy carriers along with the forming an alliance with the US construction of the alliance with the USA creates the possibility of taking hostile actions against it. It is necessary to adapt the form of operation of the Polish Navy to these threats. Based on the analysis of international, and national legal regulations, strategic documents of maritime powers, and applied forms of maritime activity, the scope of changes in Polish maritime policy was determined. Modifications of the definition of terms maritime piracy and unlawful assault at sea in Polish legal regulations were considered necessary, they should also include activitie...

Poland's stategic concept for maritime security

2019

In its history, Poland was usually more oriented to land than to the sea. For many centuries we have not been able to see the opportunities and potential created by the coastal location of our country. In the current strategic documents in Poland, there are also no proper references to the maritime security of the state, although we are a member of both NATO and the European Union. The article presents the creation process in 2015–2017 and the content of a unique document devoted to this issue: Poland's Strategic Concept for Maritime Security, which was born thanks to the efforts of "enthusiasts" of maritime affairs from the Naval Academy, Shipbuilding Council and the Institute of General Józef Haller under the leadership of the National Security Bureau. In the authors opinion, the document is to form the basis for work on the future maritime security strategy of our country, and also become the "engine" of public discussion in Poland on maritime security iss...

Flying Means of Attack of Ships, Possible to Be Used by a Potential Enemy—Analysis of the Threats for Ships the Polish Navy

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej

The article presents the analysis of the threats to Polish Navy ships resulting from the development by the Baltic Sea countries of missile systems or turbojet missiles. The most popular varieties and types of missiles that could be used against Polish Navy vessels were described and classified taking into account mainly the potential of the Baltic Fleet of the Russian Federation (BF FR), as well as an analysis of the latest global trends in the area of counteracting these missiles. The article presents the conclusions drawn from exemplary simulations of the attack of modern anti-ship missiles. The article also contains references to the ways of determining the probability of avoiding a rocket attack and the measure of the effectiveness of self-defence of attacked ships. The work contains conclusions regarding desirable traits from the systems of self-defence of ships on the modern battlefield with particular emphasis on the character of the Polish Navy. The article presents an anal...

"Sea gas" inclinations for the Polish energetic system safety

Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal https://epj.min-pan.krakow.pl/Issue-2-2019,7446, 2019

The article presents the author’s considerations on the significance of the investment package diversifying natural gas supplies as part of the Northern Gate in ensuring Poland’s energy security. Data found in literature concerning the possibilities of importing the raw material by sea (terminals, gas pipelines) includes investments at various stages of concept development and construction. However, these documents lack cohesive information about a full investment package being implemented. The author has thus attempted at creating variants concerning the diversification capacities of the Republic of Poland in reference to several key offshore and onshore projects. A problem has therefore been formulated: To what extend will the Northern Gate investment package increase Poland’s energy security as a result of increased supply of natural gas from the sea? To answer this questions, researchers were forced to verify their working hypothesis which assumed that Northern Gate investments including a comprehensive package of projects had the potential of significantly improving the level of energy security in Poland by extending the possibility of importing natural gas. To solve the problem and verify the hypothesis, the researchers applied systemic analysis, deduction and variant analysis, which were used to estimate the possible import capacities of the raw material by sea. As a result of the works, the researchers created four variants including various investment projects assuming the import of 7.75 m3 to 30,95 B m3 of natural gas a year by sea. The variant which was adopted as the most probable indicates the possibility of importing 17.75 through 22.75 B m3 of gas a year, which is 111% of the average annual demand in Poland.

The assessment of the possibilities for the Lithuanian fleet to comply with new environmental requirements

Transport, 2014

The article analyses the economic impact of compliance of the Lithuanian fleet with the new requirements of the MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI, which sets a limit for sulphur content in marine fuel to 0.1% in 2015 in Emission Control Area (ECA) and to 0.5% in 2020 globally. The assessment of several most realistic options of complying with the new requirements is presented in the article. Each of these methods is assessed by means of uncovering the economic and practical issues associated with applying their implementation to the Lithuanian fleet. An overview of Lithuanian fleet was carried out to choose the particular vessels for analysis. A group of 10 vessels was selected to compare the benefits and limitations of using low sulphur fuel and scrubbers. The economic impact of using low sulphur fuel or installing the scrubber for each vessel is also assessed in the article.

Poland’s Security Policies in the Baltic Sea Area

The Nebi Yearbook, 1998

The most recent events in Poland's security policies towards the Baltic Sea area were described. The entire year 1996 and the beginning of 1997 are covered; where necessary to show the dynamics, earlier circumstances and longer processes are included. Polish regional initiatives, military co-operation and relations with Lithuania are some of the main issues. Background material is also provided in order to place the Baltic dimension in a broader perspective of sources and options for the overall Polish security policy.

Safety of vessels’ traffic, bound for Polish ports

2007

ABSTRACT: Vessels' traffic in the area of Southern Baltic has not been organized yet. Therefore a risk of potential grounding or collisions is imminent. Organization the traffic by means of passive methods like determination the ships' routes or traffic separation schemes is one of the better measures to improve navigation safety. Although such activities should take into account interests of coastal countries. The whole area should be considered, and the needs arising from traffic at present and in the future should be met.

Environmental security: The case of the Kursk

Wars as well as military activities in peacetime cause severe environmental degradation and environmental risks. At the same time, military activities are veiled in secrecy. How can this complicated issue be addressed politically? Could the idea of ‘environmental security’ offer a solution, and what then is the role of public discussion and environmental movements? This article discusses the question by using the sinking of the Russian nuclear-powered submarine Kursk and public discussion following it as a prism through which to look at the issue. Findings raise doubts about the usability of the concept of environmental security in environmental policy under current world conditions.

Analysis of energetic system failures of Polish fishing fleet vessels and their impact on the environment

2016

An analysis of the failures occurring in the energetic systems of Polish fi shing cutters, covering the years 1999–2012, is presented in this paper.The structural age, size and number of Polish fi shing cutters is also indicated herein. The eff ect of the failures on the marine environment has been assessed, taking into consideration a presumed fuel spillage depending on fi sh catch volume and an analysis of the biodegradability of various fuels. The subject of the analysis also includes the damage impact of transponders cooperating with a vessel monitoring system (VMS) on an increase of the risk of collisions between other off shore industry objects and fi shing vessels.