Motivational profiles for physical activity among adults with type 2 diabetes and their relationships with physical activity behavior (original) (raw)
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Motivation for diet and exercise management among adults with type 2 diabetes
Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 2011
Motivation for diet and exercise management among adults with type 2 diabetes Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate diet and exercise management and how indicators of intrinsic motivation such as ability expectations and values are associated with diet and exercise management among adults with type 2 diabetes. Background: Motivational problems are probably one of the main reasons for poor diabetes management. However, the mechanisms involved in the motivation for adequate selfmanagement are still unclear. Design and methods: A cross-sectional design including a postal questionnaire that investigated diet and exercise management as well as intrinsic motivational factors such as ability expectations and values related to these behaviours was used to collect the data. A sample comprising 425 adults with type 2 diabetes aged between 30 and 70 completed the questionnaire. Results: Reported diet management was more in accordance with recommendations than reported exercise management. Yet results indicated equally high ability expectations and positive values for exercise and diet management. Moreover, results demonstrated that ability expectations and values explained more variance in exercise (21.6%) than in diet management (7.6%). Conclusions: The modest association between intrinsic motivational factors and diet management may imply that there are important extrinsic factors that play a significant role in determining dietary behaviour. The combination of lower exercise activity than recommended and high ability expectations and values for such activity may reflect that subjective exercise norms are formed individually in accordance with what most people recognise as the appropriate level of physical activity. Finally, results may indicate that there is potential for improving exercise management by stimulating intrinsic motivation as well as by more clearly communicating recommendations for such management.
Strengthening Hospital Competitiveness to Improve Patient Satisfaction and Better Health Outcomes, 2019
Background: Autonomous motivation and self-care competence play a key role in the proces of health behavior change including increasing physical activity. Physical activity is crucial for glycemic control and is beneficial for overall well-being of patients with type 2 diabetes as well. This study aimed to review systematically role of autonomous motivation in increasing physical activity among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching published articles from 2015 to 2019 from databases including Proquest, Sciencedirect, Scopus,, and Springer Link. The keyword for WKLV UHYLHZ ZDV 3$XWRQRPRXV PRWLYDWLRQ ́ 36HOI-DetermLQDWLRQ 7KHRU\ ́ 33K\VLFDO DFWLYLW\ ́ and 3'LDEHWHV 0HOOLWXV W\SH ́ 7KH LQclusion criteria were English, open access, health worker, and public health. The dependent variable was physical activity. The independent variable was autonomous motivation. After review process 5 articles were included in this...
Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 2018
Background: Increased physical activity (PA) is crucial for achieving and maintaining glycemic control and is beneficial for overall wellbeing of patients with type 2 diabetes as well. Despite that, many patients fail to make changes in their exercise behavior. Selfdetermination theory (SDT) addresses this problem and suggests that perceived autonomy support, autonomous motivation and self-care competence play a key role in the process of health behavior change. This study investigated the impact of these three factors on success in increasing PA among patients with type 2 diabetes but considered also the role of other important life-context factors, such as mental health, stress and social support. The effect of these other factors may outweigh the effect of SDT constructs; however, previous studies based on SDT have largely overlooked them. Methods: This cross-sectional mail survey was carried out in 2011. Out of 2866 respondents, those who had been over 2 years in care in their present and principal primary care health center and had during the past two years tried to increase PA either with or without success (n = 1256, mean age 63 years, 52% men), were included in this study. Logistic regression and mediation analyses were the main methods used in the data analysis. Results: Autonomous motivation predicted success in increasing PA even after controlling for the effect of other important life-context factors. Other predictors of success were felt energy, good perceived health, younger age and less social support. Autonomous motivation mediated the effect of perceived autonomy support from a doctor on success in increasing PA. Conclusion: The results were in line with SDT showing the importance of autonomous motivation for success in increasing PA. Doctorpatient relationships and lifestyle interventions should focus on promoting self-motivated reasons for health behavior change.
Patient preference and adherence, 2018
To explore motivational factors for initiating, implementing, and maintaining physical activity following a rehabilitation program for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Semi-structured, individual, qualitative interviews with five informants from the InterWalk trial were conducted at three separate occasions; at initiation of the rehabilitation program, at completion of the 12-week program, and 52 weeks after enrolment. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed according to Systematic Text Condensation. The framework of Self-Determination Theory was applied to guide analysis after identification of preliminary themes. Commitment and obligation were emphasized as being motivational in initiating physical activity. Toward the termination of the program, this was challenged by an expressed need for autonomy. Successful behavioral change was characterized by transfer of commitment to a new structure in everyday life, which also honored the request for autonomy. Fee...
Motivations and barriers to physical activity in a diabetic population
2015
Background: Although physical activity (PA) is key in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hypertension, it is difficult to implement in practice. Read this original research and sign up to receive Vascular Health and Risk Management journal here: http://www.dovepress.com/articles.php?article\_id=22378
BMC Psychology, 2015
Background In order to promote physical activity uptake and maintenance in individuals who do not comply to the physical activity guidelines, it is important to increase our understanding of physical activity motivation among this group. The present study aimed to reveal motivational profiles in a large sample of adults who do not comply with the physical activity guidelines. Methods The sample for this study consisted of 2503 individuals (31.6% male; age 44.6 ± 12.9). In order to generate motivational profiles based on motivational regulation, a cluster analysis was conducted. One-way analyses of variance where then used to compare the clusters in terms of demographics, physical activity level, motivation to be active and subjective experience while being active. Results Three motivational clusters were derived on basis of motivational regulation scores: a low motivation cluster, a controlled motivation cluster and an autonomous motivation cluster. These cluster differ significantly to each other with respect to physical activity behavior, motivation to be active and subjective experience while being active. Overall, the autonomous motivation cluster displays more favorable characteristics when compared to the other two clusters. Conclusions The three derived clusters may be relevant in the context of physical activity interventions as individuals from the different clusters might benefit most from different intervention approaches. In addition, this study shows that cluster analysis is a useful method to differentiate between motivational profiles in large groups of individuals who do not comply with the physical activity guidelines.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motives Support Adults’ Regular Physical Activity Maintenance
Sports Medicine International Open
Motives for physical activity were compared between adults who either successfully or unsuccessfully maintained regular physical activity over the last 10 years. Adults age 28–45 (N=721) completed an online survey, reporting their current physical activity levels and self-determination theory (SDT) motives, as well as their physical activity levels at least 10 years prior. With participants’ current and retrospective reports of their physical activity, four sample subgroups were created, including maintainers, improvers, decliners, and sedentary. ANOVA analyses were used to examine differences in motives between physical activity maintenance groups. Those who successfully maintained regular physical activity (maintainers) reported higher intrinsic and extrinsic motives compared to those who were not regularly active (P<0.05). Interestingly, maintainers reported similar physical activity motives compared to those who reported increased physical activity over time. Among the curren...
BMC Public Health, 2018
Background: Using self-determination theory, the objective of this study was to examine, over a one-month period, how physical activity (PA) motivation would influence accelerometer-derived PA behavior, and ultimately, acute diabetes-related symptoms burden among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D adults). Using both a person and variable-centered approach, this objective was attained by means of: 1) investigating the indirect effect of PA participation on the relationship between PA motivation and acute diabetes-related symptom burden and 2) examining whether participants who met PA recommendations (i.e., 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA per week) would experience less acute diabetes-related symptom burden over a one-month period. Methods: A two-wave prospective longitudinal design was used. At time 1, participants completed a questionnaire assessing their PA motivation and were asked to wear an ActiGraph GT3x accelerometer for four consecutive weeks. At time 2, they completed a short questionnaire assessing their acute diabetes-related symptoms (i.e., symptoms related to fatigue, cognitive distress, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia). The final sample includes 165 adults (89 or 53.61% women) aged from 26 to 75 years (M = 62.05, SD = 8.75) with T2D, which provided at least 21 valid days of accelerometer-derived data. Results: First, results of a path analysis demonstrated that over a one-month period, the average number of minutes spent practicing moderate to vigorous PA per week mediated the relationship between intrinsic and external PA motivation and the level of burden associated with the following diabetes-related symptoms: fatigue, cognitive distress, and hyperglycemia. In addition, results of covariance analyses showed that participants meeting PA recommendations also reported significantly less burden associated with these three symptoms over a month period. Then, the existence of four motivational profiles (Self-Determined, High Introjected, Low Motivation, and Non-Self-Determined) was confirmed using a k-means analysis. Results of covariance and chi-square analyses further showed, respectively, that compared to other motivational profiles, the Self-Determined profile was associated with a higher score on weekly PA participation and meeting PA recommendations. Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of promoting autonomous motives for PA participation among T2D adults. They also suggest that T2D adults meeting PA recommendations experience less acute diabetes-related symptoms burden, which further support the importance of their PA motivation.
Psychology, Health & Medicine, 2016
Determinants of physical activity among patients with type 2 diabetes: The role of perceived autonomy support, autonomous motivation and self-care competence Based on self-determination theory (SDT), this study investigated, whether the three central SDT variables (perceived autonomy support, autonomous motivation and self-care competence), were associated with engagement in physical activity (PA) among patients with type 2 diabetes when the effect of a wide variety of other important life-context factors (perceived health, medication, duration of diabetes, mental health, stress and social support) was controlled for. Patients from five municipalities in Finland with registry-based entitlement to a special reimbursement for medicines used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (n=2866, mean age 63 years, 56% men) participated in this mail survey in 2011. Of all measured explanatory factors, autonomous motivation was most strongly associated with engagement in PA. Autonomous motivation mediated the effect of perceived autonomy support on patients' PA. Thus, perceived autonomy support (from one's physician) was associated with the patient's PA through autonomous motivation. This result is in line with SDT. Interventions for improved diabetes care should concentrate on supporting patients' autonomous motivation for PA. Internalizing the importance of good self-care seems to give sufficient energy to maintain a physically active lifestyle.
Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: A systematic review
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2012
Background: Motivation is a critical factor in supporting sustained exercise, which in turn is associated with important health outcomes. Accordingly, research on exercise motivation from the perspective of self-determination theory (SDT) has grown considerably in recent years. Previous reviews have been mostly narrative and theoretical. Aiming at a more comprehensive review of empirical data, this article examines the empirical literature on the relations between key SDT-based constructs and exercise and physical activity behavioral outcomes.