Use of Laser Therapy in the Healing Process: A Literature Review (original) (raw)
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Laser Therapy in the Tissue Repair Process: A Literature Review
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2010
The most frequently used types of laser are helium neon (HeNe) lasers and diode lasers, including gallium-aluminum-arsenium (GaAlAs), arsenium-gallium (AsGa), and indium-galliumaluminum-phosphide (InGaAlP) lasers. However, implementation of different protocols was found, with different materials and different activating wavelengths, thus making it difficult to compare results and choose the parameters of treatment. Conclusions: The majority of authors report that laser therapy speeds up the process of tissue repair, but further studies are suggested to determine the best parameters to be used.
Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas médicas e biológicas / Sociedade Brasileira de Biofísica ... [et al.], 2010
This study determined the effects of gallium-aluminum-arsenide laser (GaAlAs), gallium-arsenide laser (GaAs) and Dersani healing ointment on skin wounds in Wistar rats. The parameters analyzed were: type I and III collagen fiber concentrations as well as the rate of wound closure. Five wounds, 12 mm in diameter, were made on the animals' backs. The depth of the surgical incision was controlled by removing the epithelial tissue until the dorsal muscular fascia was exposed. The animals were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine via intraperitoneal injection. The rats were randomly divided into five groups of 6 animals each, according to the treatment received. Group 1 (L4): GaAs laser (4 J/cm(2)); group 2 (L30): GaAlAs laser (30 J/cm(2)); group 3 (L60): GaAlAs laser (60 J/cm(2)); group 4 (D): Dersani ointment; group 5 (control): 0.9% saline. The applications were made daily over a period of 20 days. Tissue fragments were stained with picrosirius to distinguish type I collagen fr...
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2010
Objective: The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the effects of a 780-nm low-level laser on open skin wound healing. Background Data: Optimal parameters of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for wound healing are discussed. Methods: One full-thickness skin wound was surgically induced in the dorsum skin of 30 rats. The rats were divided into two groups. Rats in the experimental group were daily treated with a gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAlAs) laser (2 J=cm 2 , l ¼ 780 nm, pulse frequency of 2336 Hz). Rats in the sham-exposed group received LLLT with switched off equipment. After 4, 7, and 15 days, wounds were checked by histological and biomechanical methods. Data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: Fibroblasts, endothelium of blood vessels, blood vessel sections, and maximum stress were significantly increased, whereas macrophages were significantly decreased, compared with those of the sham-exposed group. Conclusion: Pulsed LLLT with a 780-nm GaAlAs laser significantly accelerates the process of healing of surgically induced, full-thickness skin wounds in rat.
The Efficacy of Laser Therapy in Wound Repair: A Meta-Analysis of the Literature
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2004
Objective: We determined the overall effects of laser therapy on tissue healing by aggregating the literature and subjecting studies meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria to statistical meta-analysis. Background Data: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) devices have been in use since the mid sixties, but their therapeutic value remains doubtful, as the literature seems replete with conflicting findings. Materials and Methods: Pertinent original research papers were gathered from library sources, online databases and secondary sources. The papers were screened and coded; those meeting every inclusion and exclusion criterion were subjected to meta-analysis, using Cohen's d. statistic to determine the treatment effect size of each study. Results: Twentyfour studies with 31 effect sizes met the stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. The overall mean effect of laser therapy on wound healing was highly significant (d = +2.22). Sub-analyses of the data revealed significant positive effects on wound healing in animal experiments (d = +1.97) as well as human clinical studies (d = +0.54). The analysis further revealed significant positive effects on specific indices of healing, for example, acceleration of inflammation (d = +4.45); augmentation of collagen synthesis (d = +1.80); increased tensile strength (d = +2.37), reduced healing time (d = +3.24); and diminution of wound size (d = +0.55).
Laser Therapy for Wound Healing: A Review of Current Techniques and Mechanisms of Action
Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia
Along with conventional medications, different techniques have been used for wound healing such as ultrasound, electric field, magnetic field, pressure relieving beds, cushions, etc. These methods are usually utilized for prevention and healing of pressure wounds. One of these methods with great potential is LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) therapy. Different parameters can affect the efficiency of laser therapy. Several studies have attempted to develop this technique in different medical applications. This paper aims to provide a review of the LASER techniques for wound healing, sketch their background, determine the biological effects that support the use of LASER sources in the treatment of wounds and as well as the optimal light parameters such as wavelength and dose for wound healing Keywords : Laser, Wound Healing, Mechanism of Action
Medical Laser Application, 2011
Our purpose was to determine the efficacy of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on wound healing in rabbits. Study design: Sixteen rabbits were sedated and given a general anesthetic. A full thickness flap was used bilaterally at the buccal gingiva maxilla in a naturally toothless area, and then sutured. A low level pulsed GaAlAs laser (wavelength: 685 nm, power: 45 mW, radiant exposure: 3 J/cm 2 , frequency: 10 Hz, duty factor: 80%; application time: 1 min) was used on the left side. The right side was not lasered as a control. Tissue specimens from each site on days 3, 7, and 14 after surgery were examined microscopically. Results: Less inflammation was observed on days 3 and 7 in the treatment group (p < 0.01). The inflammation rate on both sides was the same on day 14 (p > 0.05). Conclusion: LLLT using optimal parameters can accelerate full thickness wound healing.
Analysis of the Systemic Effect of Red and Infrared Laser Therapy on Wound Repair
… and Laser Surgery, 2009
Objective: To evaluate, using histological analysis, the systemic action and repair process of wounds produced on the back of rats and treated with red, infrared, or both lasers applied directly or indirectly to the wounds. Background Data: Skin tissue repair and wound healing are complex processes that involve a series of dynamic events. Many benefits are associated with biomodulation uisng laser therapy. Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (without laser), red laser (aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP); λ = 685 nm; λ = 0.0314 cm 2 ; CW; P = 30 mW; D = 20 J, time of irradiation = 667 sec), infrared laser (gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs): λ = 830 nm; λ = 0.0314 cm 2 ; CW; P = 50 mW; D = 20 J, time of irradiation = 401 sec), and both lasers (infrared laser: GaAlAs; λ = 830 nm; λ = 0.0314 cm 2 ; CW; P = 50 mW; D = 10 J, time of irradiation = 201 sec + red laser: AlGaInP; λ = 685 nm; λ = 0.0314 cm 2 ; CW; P = 30 mW; D = 10 J, time of irradiation = 334 sec; total dose = 20 J). Three subgroups were formed according to observation time points. Three wounds were produced on the back of each animal. Only the wound closest to the head was irradiated in the experimental groups. For the evaluation of skin reaction and wound healing, three animals of each group were killed at 3, 5, and 7 days postoperatively. The irradiation protocol established 48-hour intervals between applications, with the first application immediately after the surgical procedure. Results: In the red and infrared laser group, healing was more advanced in the wound located furthest from the point of laser application. The most effective healing of a proximal wound was verified in the control group on the 7th postoperative day. Conclusion: The combined application of red and infrared lasers resulted in the most evident systemic effect on the repair of skin wounds produced in rats.
Acta Veterinaria Brasilica
Article history The use of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has shown promising results for the inflammatory modulation of tissue repair. This study aimed to evaluate the antiinflammatory potential of gallium arsenide (GaAs) PBMT in skin wound healing via (1) measurement of the temperature on the surface of the skin wound; (2) white blood cell count; and (3) histopathological examination. Skin lesions were induced on the dorsum of 20 Wistar rats, after which the animals were divided into two groups: a treatment group, subjected to GaAs PBMT, and a control group. Thermography was performed daily in all of the study animals until the end of the experiment. On the fourth day after lesion induction, whole blood was collected (white blood cell count), animals were euthanized, and skin lesions were biopsied (histopathological examination). There were no differences in the number of leukocytes and in the histopathological evaluations between the groups; however, the thermography analysis indicated an increase in temperature in the treated group. The antiinflammatory activity of GaAs PBMT was not confirmed. The increase in temperature on the surface of the skin lesions after LLLT requires further elucidation because this result could not be justified by the direct action of PBMT.
The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 2004
We investigated the effects of electrical stimulation (ES) and laser treatment on wound healing in rats. A randomized-controlled trial, conducted at the Experimental and Clinical Research Centre of Erciyes University (Kayseri, Turkey), divided 124 healthy female Swiss-Albino rats into four groups. A 6 cm linear incision was made at the dorsal skin of all rats. Group 1 was given a constant direct current of 300 µA for 30 min per day. The current was applied in negative polarity for the first 3 days and in positive polarity for the next 7 days. Group 3 received a full-contact, continuous galliumarsenide (GaAs) laser therapy, with a wavelength of 904 nm, an energy density of 1 J/cm 2 , and an average power of 6 mW for 10 min per day. The remaining two groups (Groups 2 and 4) were considered the control groups and received sham treatment. All groups were treated for 10 days. Histopathologic and biochemical evaluations were conducted on 10 rats from each group on the 4th and 10th days, and wound breaking strength was measured for biomechanical evaluation on the 25th day of the study. Both ES and laser treatment proved significantly effective in the inflammatory phase compared with control groups (p < 0.05); however, the ES was even more effective than laser treatment, with more significant results (p < 0.05). In the proliferation and maturation phases, while ES and laser treatment were both found to be significantly effective treatment methods compared with the control groups, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two treatment groups (p > 0.05). Although ES and laser treatment both were effective in the maturation phase, increasing wound breaking strength compared with their control groups (p < 0.05), there was no statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups (p > 0.05). We conclude that ES and laser treatment both have beneficial effects during the inflammatory, proliferation, and maturation phases of a wound. Both ES and laser treatment can be used successfully in decubitis ulcers and chronic wounds, in combination with conventional therapies such as daily care and debridement of wounds; however, ES has more beneficial effects during the inflammatory phase in some parameters than laser treatment.
Effect of low-level laser therapy on the initial stages of tissue repair: basic principles
Anais brasileiros de dermatologia, 2011
O objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura a respeito da terapia com laser de baixa potência e sua relação com as fases iniciais de reparo. Foram analisados 22 artigos, observou-se a utilização de diferentes doses e comprimentos de ondas (632,8 a 904 nm). Nos estudos in vitro foram utilizadas doses entre 2,2 e 16 J/cm2. A dose de 5 J/cm2 tem sido apontada como responsável por mudanças significativas in vitro, porém a dose de 16 J/cm2 promove efeito inibitório sobre o crescimento celular em culturas. Em estudos in vivo, envolvendo animais foram utilizadas doses entre 0,04 a 21 J/cm2. Para estudos em humanos foram utilizadas doses entre 1,8 a 16 J/cm2. Conclui-se que a terapia com laser de baixa potência exerce efeitos antiinflamatórios importantes nos processos iniciais da cicatrização: redução de mediadores químicos, de citocinas, do edema, diminuição da migração de células inflamatórias e incremento de fatores de crescimento contribuindo diretamente para o processo...