Frequency and evaluation of the perceptions towards caesarean section among pregnant women attending public hospitals in Pakistan and the implications (original) (raw)
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Research Square (Research Square), 2020
Background: The upsurge of caesarean sections in Pakistan has become a matter of concern for public health. The current rate of caesarean sections has reached 19.6% of total childbirths in Pakistan. This study attempts to explore the perceptions of married women and gynaecologists about different social and cultural aspects affecting the upsurge of caesarean sections in Pakistan. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with pregnant women, women who already have given birth via caesarean section and gynaecologists in the leading public and private maternity hospitals located in Lahore, Pakistan. Qualitative data collected was analysed using thematic content analysis technique. Results: Major ndings of the study revealed that the personal experience of previous caesarean section, experiences shared by other women, caesarean sections as a family trend, caesarean sections as a status symbol, fears related to vaginal childbirth, and lack of awareness about modes of childbirth are the most signi cant social and cultural aspects contributing to the upsurge of caesarean sections in Pakistan. Conclusion: Caesarean sections as a symbol of higher socioeconomic status and the fear of prolonged labour during vaginal childbirth are the two key reasons to prefer caesarean sections. There is a need to create awareness among women about coping skills to deal with the fear and anxiety related to vaginal birth in order to improve the overall maternal health in Pakistan.
Local Perception about Caesarian Section among Post Caesarian Section Women in Pakistan
Birthing is a critical moment in the life of a mother. The biomedical practice of the Caesarian Section (C-section) does not exist in a vacuum but is under the influence of the sociocultural environment. However, deciding between methods of birth and the perception about the C-section shows a gap and dearth in the present literature. This paper aims at understanding what social and cultural factors construct the perceptions and experiences of the Caesarian Section among post-C-section-women belonging to different socioeconomic statuses. Moreover, it explores how these factors influence Pakistani women"s decision-making regarding childbirth methods. The paper uses a qualitative yet multi-sited locale approach, employing semi-structured interviews from 20 post-C-section women mainly from Islamabad and Rawalpindi region; 10 women belong to lower socioeconomic status whereas, 10 to the upper one. Different themes from data were identified and obtained for analysis. The perception and experience of the C-section fluctuate with social, economic, and cultural factors. The influence of biomedical and intra-household politics on the decision of C-section is much conspicuous and evident. Affluent families practice C-sections under dominant power dynamics without any reasoning. For those who can afford C-section, is perceived as a luxury and artificial motherhood in the eyes of ""the others"" whereas, normal birthing was true and natural motherhood. The social construction of the C-section suggests that social and cultural forces play a decisive role.
Women's knowledge and attitude towards caesarean section in Imphal west district, Manipur
Innovative Publication
Background: The rapid increase of caesarean section (CS) rate throughout the world has become a serious public health issue since the level of CS is well above the WHO (1985) recommended 15% and it is increasing over time. Objectives: To determine the knowledge and attitude towards caesarean section and association between knowledge and attitude with selected variable such as age, ever CS etc. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from September 2013 to August 2015 in urban area of Imphal west district among 300 eligible married women belonging to 18 to 35 years. Simple random sampling was adopted and structured interview schedule was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and P-value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: 92.7% respondents had inadequate knowledge regarding CS. 78% have neutral attitude towards CS. Only 6.7% and 15.3% respondent have favourable and unfavourable attitude towards CS respectively. Knowledge level was significantly higher among those who are 30 to 35 years, studied graduate and above, higher socioeconomic status and those who ever had CS. Conclusion: Although all the women surveyed were aware of CS, majority of them have inadequate knowledge and neutral attitude towards CS. Majority of the women still preferred vaginal delivery and the demand for CS was low.
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Background: Caesarean section is life-saving, but rising rates are a cause for concern. Perceptions surrounding caesarean delivery may play a significant role in the shared-decision making process. Objective of this study was to explore the perceptions of caesarean section among antenatal, postnatal women and healthcare providers in a rural maternity hospital in Ramanagara district, Karnataka.Methods: Qualitative research methodology was adopted to explore perceptions regarding preferred birthing mode, caesarean and its perceived complications. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted with antenatal and postnatal women, their caregivers and health care providers. Inductive coding approach and thematic framework analysis was done.Results: Five major themes emerged regarding perceptions of caesarean section among women in a rural area of Karnataka: understanding, fears, decision making, after-care and prevention. Women had a strong preference for normal vaginal b...
Beliefs About Caesarean Section amongst Women of Child Bearing Age in
This study was conducted to find the beliefs about caesarean section amongst women of childbearing age in UCTH Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. In the course of the study, five research questions and five hypotheses were formulated to direct the study. A survey method was used which is indicative in interview and discussions with people to obtain facts. The population of study was 853 pregnant women who came for antennal clinic in UCTH Calabar within the month of January 2017 with sampling size of 85 women. Accidental sampling method was used with a structured questionnaire—'Questionnaires on beliefs about caesarean section among women of child bearing age in UCTH Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria'. Same was administered by the researcher and his assistant and the data was analysed with mean, standard deviation, chi-square and One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result revealed that there are significant influences of traditional and religious beliefs on caesarean section amongst women of childbearing age. The result further showed that there is significant difference in belief about caesarean section amongst women of childbearing age based on their educational qualifications, income status and number of children. It was recommended that there should be proper enlightenment of pregnant women over the relevance of caesarean section in the churches, communities and schools.
Rising Rate of Caesarean Section – A Global Problem
International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review
Article Info To compare the frequency of Caesarean Section (CS), Emergency and Elective CS, indications of Emergency and Elective CS and obstetrician reasons for supporting women choice for caesarian section between a healthcare setting of Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. The retrospective study analyzed the hospital records of all deliveries during the period January, 2012 till December, 2012 at two settings, Muhammad Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Pakistan and Sabatal Alaya Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Data (demographic information, parity and outcome variables i.e., cesarean section or vaginal delivery, elective cesarean section or emergency cesarean section) from the clinical records were retrieved. Importantly, the indicators for cesarean section mentioned in the clinical notes were also recorded. The present study also included the collection primary data on reasons for supporting women choice for caesarian section from obstetricians of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. The data was analysed using SPSS version 21 and qualitative variables were compared between women delivered at
Women's Knowledge, Perceptions, and Potential Demand Towards Caesarean Section
2011
In today’s situation when the access to obstetric care is growing day by day there has been a concern over the rising caesarean rates over the world. A cross-sectional study was undertaken with an objective to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about CS among pregnant women. All pregnant women, attending antenatal clinic, were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done by using Epi info software. Of the total 247 women, participated in this study, the potential demand for CS was low and majority of women preferred vaginal delivery (91.5%). The majority of women (65.1%) were found to have very little knowledge. Overall, women preferring caesarean birth were multiparous (P<0.05), and were more likely to have had previous caesarean delivery (P<0.001), but there were otherwise no differences in age, parity, income, or education. However, most are still in favor of CS if it is necessary to protect their health or that of their infa...
Knowledge and Attitude of Pregnant Women toward Elective Cesarean Section in Saudi Arabia
Open Journal of Nursing
Background: The rate of deliveries by cesarean section (CS) is increasing worldwide. An elective cesarean section (ECS) is a cesarean section carried with or without a medical reason, in some cases choice by pregnant women. The number of women demanding for delivery by elective cesarean section is increasing in Saudi Arabia. Although CS is the commonest major surgery performed in Obstetrics throughout the world; there are still concerns about the knowledge and attitude of Saudi Pregnant women towards it. Methods: The design of this study was a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional design. The study sample consisted of 206 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic during the third trimester, selected by convenience sampling method from Maternity and Children Hospital in Jeddah City in Saudi Arabia. Structured interview questionnaire was used in this study. Different statistical procedures were used for data analysis including percentages, mean, and mean percentages. Content validity and reliability were done. Results: The majorities (78.2%) of the pregnant women have adequate level of knowledge about ECS, 14.6% of them have moderate knowledge, and only 7.3% have inadequate knowledge. Also, 137 (66.5%) of pregnant women have negative attitude toward ECS, while 58 (28.2%) have positive attitude. Conclusion and recommendations: The study concluded that there was a good level of knowledge among pregnant women about ECS in most of the instrument questions in general; except in some areas such as the bad consequences of CS. On the other hand, the majority of the pregnant women had negative attitude toward ECS. Health care provider such as doctors, nurses and midwives should provide adequate knowledge to the pregnant women about consequence of cesarean section on the mother and child.
Attitudes of antenatal patients at a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria towards caesarean section
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 2011
Caesarean section has contributed immensely to improved obstetric care throughout the world. In developing countries especially the sub-Saharan Africa, there is a great aversion to caesarean section. This study aims to assess the attitudes of antenatal patients at the University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital towards caesarean section. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 antenatal clients seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital between 1st and 31st September 2009. Information on their socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, beliefs and attitudes were sought. The response rate was 100%. Data management was carried out with SPSS 15.0 statistical software. Chi-square tests were used to compare the groups as appropriate. P value of <0.05 was assumed to be statistically significant. Out of 400 women studied, 68.5% favoured caesarean section while 31.5% were averse to it. About 59% of them knew what caesarean section was. Increasing maternal level of education and age were associated with increased knowledge and support for caesarean section (X 2 =11.8, P = 0.0006). Eighty percent of the women believed caesarean section is done for medical reasons. If caesarean section is indicated in the index pregnancy, 65% would accept that the procedure be done, 19% would want to discuss with their husbands while 7.5% would default. Of the 82 women who had previous caesarean section, 73.2% would readily accept to undergo a repeat caesarean section if necessary in the index pregnancy compared to 200 (62.9%) of 318 women who had not undergone caesarean section. The difference was not significant. (X 2 = 3.03, P = 0.08). There is a high level of knowledge and acceptance of caesarean section in this study. This acceptance is directly linked with the educational status of the women. However, one third of the women were still averse to caesarean section.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2018
Background: Caesarean section (CS) rates have been increasing steadily globally. Although caesarean section is becoming increasingly safe, women still have aversion for caesarean section in our environment. Objective: To determine the perception, knowledge and attitude of antenatal clinic (ANC) attendants in Jos University Teaching Hospital towards caesarean section as a mode of delivery. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to pregnant women who receive care at the antenatal clinic of the Jos University Teaching Hospital between 1 st December 2013 to 31st January 2014. Results: The average age of the respondents was 29.06±6.00 years, while the average income per month was 6786 ± 1053.92 naira. Fifty-five (24.2%) of the respondents did not know any indication for caesarean section while one hundred and seventy-two knew at least one correct indication out of which four (1.8%) knew three correct indications for caesarean section. Caesarean section was considered to be dangerous by 55.1%. The commonest reason given was that the mother could die (47.37%). Vaginal delivery was preferred by 88.5%, 6.20% had no preference while 5.30% preferred caesarean section. The commonest reason given for preference for vaginal delivery was that it is safer (32.34%). Eleven out of 12 respondents that preferred caesarean section preferred it because the stress of labour is eliminated. The commonest reasons for aversion to caesarean section was fear of operation (48.98%), lack of finance (30.61%) and fear of being stigmatized (26.53%). There was statistical significant relationship between income, religion and willingness to undergo caesarean section. Conclusion: There is a high level of awareness of caesarean delivery among ANC attendants at the Jos University Teaching Hospital. Client education is necessary to address some concerns on safety of the operation, indications for the operation, and stigmatisation.