Antifeedant activity of selected medicinal plants on Earias vittella (original) (raw)
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Antifeedent activity of selected medicinal plants on Earias vittella
The present investigation was carried out to screen various extracts of Clausena dentata and Dodonea viscosa and cultivated plants like Anacardium occidentale and Nicotiana tobacum. Among the various extracts tested, 5% concentration of extract gave 100% of FDI (Feeding Deterrence Index). Comparing the antifeedent activity of the plants mentioned above, pet ether extracts have D. viscosa (83.4%) and seed oil of A. occidentale (87.4%) showed greater antifeedent activity at 3% concentration.
Ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum, Sida acuta, Telfaria occidentalis and Vernonia amygdalina were screened for secondary metabolite constituents and insecticidal activity against beans weevil (Acanthscelides obtectus). Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, phlobatannins and terpenoids in the plants investigated. Phlobatannins and terpenoids were found to be absent in ethanol extract of T. occidentalis (leaf), saponins were also absent in both O. gratissimum and S. acuta while steroidal compounds were found to be absent in T. occidentalis and V. amygdalina (leaf). The extracts of O. gratissimum, S. acuta, T. occidentalis and V. amygdalina of different concentrations were also investigated for their insecticidal activity against A. obtectus. Average mortality indicated that the extracts caused significant mortality on the target insects. The bioassay has indicated that the toxic effect of the extracts was proportional to the concentration and higher concentration has stronger effect. The observed overall mean mortality also increased with increase in time intervals after treatment. The overall mean mortality at 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.50 h after treatment (HAT) indicated that 4% solution of the extracts of V. amygdalina, S. acuta, O. gratissimum and T. occidentalis showed the highest mortality of 33.60, 31.47, 28.80 and 15.20, respectively in A. obtectus at 1.50 h after treatment. It could be inferred from the study that extract from V. amygdalina leaf could cause the highest significant mortality.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the nutritional and feeding deterrence indices of Tribolium castaneum adults caused by petroleum ether and methanol extracts of Vitex negundo. Methods: A modified method of flour disc bioassay was carried out to study the antifeedant activities of both the extracts on the stored product pest, T. castaneum. In this bioassay, the insects were allowed to feed on wheat flour treated with various concentrations (1.25%, 2.5% and 5%) of petroleum ether and methanol extracts of V. negundo (VPE and VME) for 24 h in 'no choice' chambers. The effects of different concentrations of the extracts on relative growth rate and relative consumption rate of T. castaneum and the difference between the activities of two extracts were statistically analysed and compared by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Similarly, the comparison of the activities of VPE and VME, and their dose effects on the efficiency of conversion of ingested food and feeding deterrence indices of the insects were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: VPE and VME significantly affected growth, consumption and utilisation of food, and caused antifeedancy in T. castaneum. It was also found that both the extracts resulted in a slight reduction in growth rate of the insect, compared with that of the control. The reductions in relative growth rate (RGR) (P=0.37) and relative food consumption rate (RCR) (P<0.05) were more prominent for 2.5% and 5% of both the extracts. In nutritional studies, it was found that increase in the concentration (P<0.05) resulted in an increase in the efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) significantly with both the extracts. The RGR, RCR and ECI of the insects were found to be similar with both the extracts. The extracts showed dosedependent feeding deterrence index (FDI) for this insect (P<0.001). The activity was found to be similar with both the extracts (P=0.07). Conclusion: The present study reveals that both VPE and VME show significant antifeedancy in T. castaneum and thus they can effectively be used for the protection of grains from insects.
Alternanthera sessilis,also known as 'sessile joyweed' or 'dwarf copperleaf', is a popular vegetable and used in traditional medicine in some Asian countries including Bangladesh for the treatment of various ailments. Anthelmintic activity of the ethanol extract of A. sessilis (ASE) and one of its major constituents ellagic acid (EA) was tested against cattle nematode Haemonchus contortus by adult motility test and egg hatch assay. In adult motility test, both ASE (1.56-50 mg/ml) and EA (0.09-3 mg/ml) showed a concentration dependent inhibitory effect on H. contortus. All test worms died 6 h post-exposure of 12.5 mg/ml of ASE treatment and 6 h post-exposure of 1.5 mg/ml of EA treatment. For the concentration of 1.5 mg/ml of the reference drug albendazole, all test worms died 2 h post-exposure of the treatment. In egg hatch assay, both ASE (0.0125-25 mg/ml) and EA (0.0125-25 µg/ml) showed a concentration dependent inhibition of the larval production from H. controtus eggs with the LC 50 value of 150.00 and 3.097 µg/ml, respectively. The LC 50 for albendazole (0.0125-25 µg/ml) was 0.163 µg/ml. In the HPLC analysis, EA, rutin, (+) catechin and quercetin (3007.26, 490.74, 117.72 and 13.85 mg/100 g extract, respectively) were detected. Phytochemical group test of ASE indicated the presence of reducing sugars, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. Thus, high level of EA in ASE, along with other phytochemical constituents might be responsible for the observed activity of the extract.
Insecticidal Activity of Lavandula dentata L. Essential Oil on Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner, 1818)
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2021
Anticarsia gemmatalis, commonly known as soybean caterpillar, causes important economic losses in soybean crops. Synthetic pesticides are the standard practice to control this insect. However, the indiscriminate use of these substances has increased the resistance of this pest. Thus, it is necessary to search for different control alternatives that are also more environmentally friendly. The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition of Lavandula dentata L. essential oil (EO) and its activity on A. gemmatalis. The major compounds of essential oil were 1,8-cineole (31.5 wt.%), camphor (16.6 wt.%), and fenchone (15.9 wt.%). Bioassays were performed with third-instar caterpillars. EO concentrations of 0.
Acta agriculturae Slovenica
The present study was carried out to analyze bioactive compounds and their their antifeedant activityity in the cashew nut (Anacardiaceae) shell extract against Bemisia tabaci. Hexane was used as solvent in the extraction. The result showed that shell extract of total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins were 63.11 mg gallic acid equivalents g-1; 1.79 mg quercetin equivalents g-1; and 16.04 mg gallic acid equivalents g-1, respectively. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses showed that anacardic acid has the highest concentration (76.93 %) in the extract. The viscous extract of cashew nut at concentration of 0.75 % was able to inhibit the landing and provided an active role as anti-oviposition on B. tabaci. There were significantly fewer landings than after use of insecticide with imidacloprid active compound at concentration of 0.50 %, after 72 h of application. Mortalities of B. tabaci caused by extracts with concentration of 1.50 % and 3.00 % were not significantly di...
Khan, B.S., M.A. Shahzad, M.I. Ashraf, Z.M. Sarwar, M. Farooq and A. Rasool. 2024. Evaluation of five different botanical extracts against some pests and predators in laboratory conditions. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 37(1): 62-69., 2024
The current study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity and repellency of leaf aqueous extracts i.e., Melia azedarach (Bakain), Nicotiana tabacum L. (Tobacco), Eucalyptus globulus Labill (Eucalyptus), Moringa oleifera L. (Moringa) and Mentha piperita L. (Peppermint) against two major sucking pests i.e. aphid (Sitobion avenae F.) and two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) and their natural enemies such as ladybird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus) and predatory mite (Amblyseius andersoni Chant). The leaf dip method was used to conduct bioassay and this experiment was performed under Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The results showed that N. tabacum extract was more toxic to aphids, two-spotted spider mites, ladybird beetles and predatory mites and caused 80.82, 81.49, 39.77 and 51.55% mortalities, respectively, after 96 hours. M. azedarach extract showed the second highest mortalities i.e., 73.85% in aphids, 70.54% in two-spotted spider mites, 31.05% in ladybird beetles and 46.49% of predatory mites. Mortality trend observed in other aqueous extracts was eucalyptus > moringa > peppermint. The repellent effect of these extracts was also evaluated and observed after 12 and 24 hours. N. tabacum extract caused 80.55 and 86.88% repellencies against aphid and two-spotted spider mites, while 68.55 and 74.34% against ladybird beetle and predatory mites, followed by bakain > peppermint > moringa > eucalyptus. The results revealed that all these leaf aqueous extracts can be used effectively against aphids and two-spotted spider mites, but we have to be careful with their slightly toxic effects on predators.
Bioefficacy of Atalantia monophylla (L.) Correa. against Earias vittella Fab
2010
Hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of Atalantia monophylla (L.) Correa. were evaluated for their antifeedant and larvicidal activities along with their effect on pupation and adult emergence against bhendi fruit borer, Earias vittella Fab. at 5, 2.5 and 1.25% concentrations. Commercial botanical insecticide, Vijay Neem was used as positive control. Hexane extract at 5% concentration showed significant antifeedant and larvicidal activity of 70.89 and 85.33% respectively. A reduction of 16.66% in adult emergence was recorded in hexane extract followed by 25% reduction in ethyl acetate extract at 5% concentration. The results revealed that hexane extract showed significant antifeedant, and larvicidal activity and good reduction in adult emergence. This extract could be further investigated to isolate the active principles.
Antifeedant activity of three essential oils against the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
Bulletin of …, 2012
Three essential oils (EOs) from flowers and leaves of crofton weed, Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng. and aerial parts of Indian wormwood, Artemisia nilagirica (C.B.Clarke) Pamp., were evaluated for antifeedant activity against adults of red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, a major pest of coconut palm, date palm, and Canary Island date palm. The specific bioassay method for evaluating the antifeedant activity of these EOs was used against R. ferrugineus adults and feeding-mark responses were analyzed at every 24 h interval for a period of 96 h. EOs from E. adenophorum flowers and A. nilagirica aerial parts, showed significant antifeedant activity at 96 h against RPW adults at 1000 ppm, as evident from 60.13 ± 11.31 and 60.13 ± 7.94 feeding prick-marks, respectively, as compared to 113.75 ± 13.55 and 104.81 ± 11.23 feeding prick-marks in their respective controls. However, the EO from E. adenophorum leaves was not found effective as antifeedant. GC-MS studies revealed differences in chemical composition, showing 40.87% oxygenated sesquiterpenes and 64.25% sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as the major constituents in the EOs of E. adenophorum flowers and leaves, respectively, whereas major class of compounds in EO from aerial parts of A. nilagirica comprised 37.02% sesquiterpenes and 32.92% monoterpene hydrocarbons. EOs from E. adenophorum flowers and aerial parts of A. nilagirica, have potential as environment-friendly alternative method for management of the RPW.
Insecticidal and Fungicidal Effect of Plant Extract-A Laboratory Based Study
TJPRC, 2013
The alternatives of Bio hazardous chemical insecticide were evaluated in the laboratory with methanol, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extract of Lantana camara Linn. against Sand fly (Phlebotomus argentipes), methanol extract against Diamond Back Moth (Plutella xylostella), Red Spider Mites (Tetranychus urticae) and Fungi (Pyricularia oryzae, Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium oxysporum -MTCC, Chandigarh) were evaluated. All were found effective against P. argentipes (max. 87.5% methanol extract), P. xylostella, T. urticae (max.100% methanol extract) and antifeedancy of P. xylostella (max. 83% methanol extract). The growth inhibition of P. oryzae, F. oxysporum, C. capsici with methanol extract was found 28.2, 22.4 and 19.2% on 9th day. The study will lead to explore the findings in broader areas like fungicidal, larvicidal and adulticidal effect to insect having medical as well as economic importance with eco-friendly plant products.