Creatinine and pseudouridine in plasma and urine from Brahman-cross steers fed a low, medium or high plane of nutrition (original) (raw)
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Journal of Chromatography B-analytical Technologies in The Biomedical and Life Sciences, 2003
A simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine creatinine (Cr) and uric acid (UA) levels as a confirmatory method for adulteration or dilution of urine. Centrifuged urine samples (10 mL) were diluted with 390 mL of distilled water. 30 mL of internal standard solution (Cr-d 3 , 5 mg/mL) and 10 mL of acetonitrile were added to 20 mL aliquots of diluted urine samples and filtered. The samples (1 mL) were introduced into LC-MS/ MS with no further pretreatment. Cr and UA were separated on a multi-mode ODS column (Scherzo SM-C18, 75 mm  2.0 mm I.D., 3 mm) and quantified by LC-MS/MS with polarity-switching electrospray ionization. Cr requires the positive-ion mode, whereas the negative-ion mode is required for the analysis of UA. The linear ranges were 1.0-300 mg/dL for Cr and 0.5-300 mg/dL for UA, with good determination coefficients (R 2 ! 0.9988). The intra-day and inter-day precision of the analytes was within 13.0% and 14.4%, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day accuracy was À8.8 to 3.7% and À0.3 to 6.6%, respectively. The lower limits of detection (LLODs) were 0.3 mg/dL for Cr and 0.07 mg/dL for UA. The applicability of the developed method was examined by analyzing urine samples from suspected drug abusers (n = 46). ß
Determination of creatinine excretion and evaluation of spot urine sampling in Holstein cattle
Livestock Science, 2008
Four experiments were carried out to determine urinary creatinine excretion in Holstein growing bulls, lactating cows, and replacement heifers. In addition, we evaluated the use of spot sampling technique to estimate purine derivatives (PD) excretion. In Experiment I, 15 lactating cows were used in a randomized block design to compare creatinine excretion obtained in different timespans of urine collection (during 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 h). In Experiment II, four bulls were allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square to evaluate the effect of diet (levels of cottonseed hulls of 0, 10, 20, and 30% of the DM) on excretion of creatinine. In Experiment III, 15 lactating cows were used to evaluate the effect of milk production (ranging from 3.9 to 36.7 kg/d) on daily creatinine and PD excretions. In Experiment IV, 22 replacement heifers were utilized to evaluate the effect of body weight (BW, ranging from 107 to 545 kg) on daily creatinine and PD excretions. For all experiments, total urine collections were made over 24 h and daily creatinine and PD excretions were determined. Different time-spans for total urine collection had no effect (P = 0.70) on creatinine excretion compared to the 24-h collection period, indicating a constant excretion rate of creatinine. The roughage source did not influence (P = 0.64) creatinine excretion by bulls, averaging 0.248 ± 0.008 mmol/kg BW. Similarly, milk production did not affect (P = 0.82) creatinine excretion in cows, averaging 0.212 ± 0.004 mmol/kg BW. In contrast, the creatinine excretion (mmol/kg BW) decreased linearly (P b 0.001) as BW of heifers increased, suggesting that creatinine excretion might vary with the degree of maturity of growing animals. There were no differences (P N 0.14) between the 24-h total collection and spot sampling technique in estimating daily PD excretion. The spot sampling technique may be used to estimate the daily excretion of urinary PD in Holstein cattle under practical conditions.
Excretions of Urinary Creatinine on Young and Mature Kacang Goat under Different Feeding Levels
ANIMAL PRODUCTION, 2015
This study was aimed to examine the excretion of urinary creatinine in young and mature Kacang goat bucks under different feeding levels. This study used 16 Kacang goat bucks consisting of 2 groups of age, i.e. eight young bucks (aged 6-7 months, weighed 12.75±2.68 kg) and 8 mature bucks (age 9-12 months, weighed 17.34±3.32 kg). The bucks were fed pelleted complete feed containing 78.82% dry matter (DM), 18.80% crude protein (CP), and 76.29% total digestible nutrients (TDN). The bucks were allocated into a 2x2 nested design with four replications. The treatment was the amount of 2.24% dry matter intake (T1) and 4.48% of body weight (BW) (T2) for the young goat, while the mature buck was 1.87% and 3.74%, respectively. The results showed that DM, CP and TDN intake were significant different across ages and highly significantly different between feeding levels. Changes of urinary creatinine from week 0-12 showed no differences in the age group (142 mg/dl) and feeding level (143 mg/dl). Conclusively, age and feed level affected body weight, feed intake and creatinine excretion of Kacang Goat. The more body weight gain (age) and feed level, the more urinal creatinine excretion in male Kacang goat.
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Smart and Innovative Agriculture (ICoSIA 2021)
This study aimed to determine the correlation between ratio of purine derivative:creatinine concentrations by spot sampling method with total urinary excretion of purine derivative (PD) in Garut rams and ewes, as well as knowing the right sampling time to predict microbial protein synthesis in Garut rams and ewes. There were six Garut rams and six Garut ewes placed in metabolic cages and fed with elephant grass and bran pollard with a ratio of 60:40 (based on the dry matter). This research was conducted 14 days for the adaptation period and five days for the collection period. The urine samples in the collection period used the spot sampling method by taking urine periodically at intervals of three hours a day (24 hours). Urine samples obtained were analyzed for creatinine and purine derivatives content (allantoin, uric acid, and xanthin-hypoxanthine). The data was analyzed using an Independent Student t-test design between Garut rams and ewes. The ratio of purine derivatives (PD): creatinine (PDC index) was correlated with the total daily excretion of purine derivatives (PD), hence the best time for spot sampling could be implemented. Based on the research, concentration of urinary PD and creatinine in Garut rams were higher than ewes. Excretion of allantoin, xanthinhypoxanthine and creatinine in Garut rams were also higher than ewes. The concentration nor excretion of urinary PD in rams and ewes before being divided by metabolic body weight showed significant differences. The best time for spot sampling applied to Garut rams was six to nine hours after afternoon feeding with the equation Y=6.802X-26.04, while for Garut ewes was six to nine hours after afternoon feeding with the equation Y=3,630X+43,79. In conclusion, the concentration and total excretion of urinary PD in Garut rams were higher than the ewes. There were differences in the regression equation formula, to predict PD excretion based on PD concentration corrected by creatinin content of urine spot sampling with the similar best sampling time at the range of six to nine hours after afternoon feeding.
Creatinine as a metabolic marker to estimate urinary volume in growing goats
Small Ruminant Research
The objectives of this study were to: (1) quantify the relationship between fasting body weight (FBW, kg) and urinary creatinine excretion (UCE, mg/d) in Boer goats; (2) evaluate the urinary volume estimates obtained from creatinine concentrations in the spot samples collected at different time points; (3) compare them with the 24-h observed urine volume. Thirty growing Boer goats (18 ± 2.2 kg initial BW) were distributed in a complete randomized design. Each collection period fell on 2 consecutive days and collector funnels were used. Spot samples were collected at 0, 4, and 8 h after morning feedings. These procedures were repeated in three runs 25 days apart to obtain different FBWs. All the samples were analyzed to quantify creatinine concentrations. The relationship between UCE and FBW was established by the following equations: UCE = 17.39 x FBW, r 2 = 0.96, P < 0.01, RSD = 40.8; UCE = 23.50 x FBW 0.9059 , R 2 = 0.96, P < 0.01, RSD = 40.9. The null hypothesis was accepted when predicted and observed values were compared (P > 0.05). Thus both linear and allometric relationships can be used to predict UCE. The spot samples obtained at 4 h after feeding could be used to estimate urinary volume (P < 0.05) instead of at 0 or 8 h. We conclude that UCE can be a metabolic marker to the estimate urinary volume of goats when calculated according to FBW with linear or allometric mathematical relationships.
Animals
The objective was to evaluate the influence of diets on lambs using different levels of peach palm meal as a replacement for maize (0, 10, 40, 60, and 85% of diet dry matter) on the endogenous creatinine clearance (CC), urine concentration ratio of purine derivatives to creatinine (PDC index), and daily creatinine excretion (DCE) as a marker to estimate purine derivatives (PD) excretion from urinary spot samples collected at different time points (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 h after morning feeding) compared to 24-h total urine collection. The measured parameters were voluntary intake, urinary volume, CC, DCE, the concentration of plasma creatinine, and PD and purine derivatives’ excretion (PDE). Five lambs were allocated to metabolic cages and distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square. Urine collection was taken daily on days 16 to 19 of each experimental period. The inclusion of peach palm meal linearly reduced the intake of dry matter (g kg BW−0.75, p = 0.005), crude protein (g kg BW−0.75, p ...
Analytical Reviews in Clinical Biochemistry: The Estimation of Creatinine
Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 1986
Liebig in 184i first gave the name creatinine to a substance he obtained by heating creatine with mineral acids. It was not until the synthesis of creatinine by Horbaczewski in 1885 2 and Paulmann in 1894,3 that the chemical relationship of creatinine to creatine was elucidated; creatinine being the internal anhydride of creatine. PHYSIOLOGY Creatine is synthesised by the body in a two-step process (Fig. 1) involving the initial synthesis of guanidinoacetate, which takes place in the kidneys, small intestinal mucosa, pancreas, and probably the liver. The reaction between glycine and arginine is catalysed by a transamidase, which is subject to feedback inhibition by increased creatine levels. Guanidinoacetate is transported to the liver where it is methylated to creatine, which then enters the blood to be widely distributed, chiefly to muscle cells, in which it is converted to creatine phosphate-a source of high energy phosphate bonds for the immediate reformation of A TP during muscular contraction. Creatinine is formed by a spontaneous and irreversible conversion from creatine and creatine phosphate. Formation of creatinine is reasonably constant, and about 2% of whole body creatine is so transformed every 24 h. Consequently, creatinine formation also has a direct relationship to total muscle mass and roughly to the body weight. Creatinine production rate therefore remains approximately the same from day to day unless the muscle mass changes. It is not altered significantly by illness, sepsis, trauma or fever, nor by the state of hydration; however, increased protein intake can result in increases in creatinine production of the order of 10%. This document was commissioned by the Analytical Methods Working Party of the Scientific Committee of the Association of Clinical Biochemists. The views expressed in the review are those of the author and are not necessarily those of the Scientific Committee.
British Journal of Nutrition, 2012
Studies using 24 h urine collections need to incorporate ways to validate the completeness of the urine samples. Models to predict urinary creatinine excretion (UCE) have been developed for this purpose; however, information on their usefulness to identify incomplete urine collections is limited. We aimed to develop a model for predicting UCE and to assess the performance of a creatinine index using paraaminobenzoic acid (PABA) as a reference. Data were taken from the European Food Consumption Validation study comprising two nonconsecutive 24 h urine collections from 600 subjects in five European countries. Data from one collection were used to build a multiple linear regression model to predict UCE, and data from the other collection were used for performance testing of a creatinine indexbased strategy to identify incomplete collections. Multiple linear regression (n 458) of UCE showed a significant positive association for body weight (b ¼ 0·07), the interaction term sex £ weight (b ¼ 0·09, reference women) and protein intake (b ¼ 0·02). A significant negative association was found for age (b ¼ 20·09) and sex (b ¼ 23·14, reference women). An index of observed-to-predicted creatinine resulted in a sensitivity to identify incomplete collections of 0·06 (95 % CI 0·01, 0·20) and 0·11 (95 % CI 0·03, 0·22) in men and women, respectively. Specificity was 0·97 (95 % CI 0·97, 0·98) in men and 0·98 (95 % CI 0·98, 0·99) in women. The present study shows that UCE can be predicted from weight, age and sex. However, the results revealed that a creatinine index based on these predictions is not sufficiently sensitive to exclude incomplete 24 h urine collections.