Evaluation of the effect of body fluid analogs on the parameters of nanofiltration during the purification of swimming pool water (original) (raw)
Related papers
Proceedings, 2019
This paper discusses the possibilities of purifying pool water by the process of nanofiltration. The analysis was carried out in the presence of substances analogous to the secretions of the human body. The samples of water collected from the school swimming pool was enriched with selected organic and inorganic compounds. The transport-separation properties of nanofiltration membranes were assessed. In the context of the removal of these organic compounds, the measurement of the total organic carbon concentration was of particular importance.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2011
Three nanofiltration (NF) membranes with a chlorine tolerance > or = 1 mg L-1 were applied to reduce DBPs and their precursors in swimming pool water. A lab scale plant with crossflow modules was installed in by-pass at the sand filter outlet of a swimming pool for a period of several weeks. The chlorine tolerances of the membranes SB90 and NP030 were found to be adequate for filtration under swimming pool water conditions over the given experimental period. Retention of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) were about 70% and 80% for SB90 and 50% and 40% for NP030, respectively. DOC accumulation in the pool and the expected fresh water consumption for a treatment system consisting of ultrafiltration (UF) and NF with backwash water treatment were estimated by mass balances based on the results. Mass balances were calculated also for a German public swimming pool with a conventional water treatment system (flocculation-sand filtration-chlorination) a...
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
In this study, we analyzed the effect of human body secretions on the transport and separation properties of membranes with high distribution properties (nanofiltration/reverse osmotic membranes). The problem of low molar mass disinfection by-products is an important issue from the point of view of public health. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to modernize the pool water treatment circuits in-line with low-waste technologies. The pressure membrane processes presented in this study were characterized by the higher retention of impurities which is characteristic of pool water (e.g., urea, creatinine, and uric acid). In addition, the transport properties of pool water were found to be good with polyamide reverse osmosis (AFC80) membrane, which was slightly altered during the filtration cycles. It should be emphasized that an important factor that allowed to maintain high values of the volumetric permeate flux was the periodic replenishment of the feed with a fresh dose of tap water. Creatinine potentially contributes to the blocking of AFC80 membrane pores. In this study, citric acid (1% solution) was not effective in cleaning the reverse osmosis membranes.
The Use of Membrane Techniques in Swimming Pool Water Treatment
Journal of Ecological Engineering
The paper has determined the suitability of membrane processes (UF ultrafiltration, UF, and nanofiltration, NF) for the purification of waste streams, so-called backwash water, obtained from washing filtration beds in a swimming pool water system. The backwash water samples were taken from the circuits located in two indoor facilities with a different purpose of the basins. Moreover, the samples were characterized by varying quality, as described by selected physicochemical parameters (such as turbidity and ultraviolet absorbance UV254). Commercial membranes were used for the tests. The transport-separation properties of the membranes were determined based on the volumetric flux of the permeate. In addition, backwash water samples before and after the membrane process were subjected to toxicological assessment using the Microtox ® screening test. The performed processes contributed to a significant reduction in turbidity and the value of UV254 ultraviolet absorbance, both in the ultrafiltration and nanofiltration processes. Whereas, significant differences in transport properties were noted within individual processes. A great influence of backwash water quality, including physicochemical parameters, on the course and results of the membrane filtration processes was demonstrated. In all of the nanofiltration cycles carried out, the removal of the toxic properties of the backwash water with respect to bacteria in the Microtox ® test was found. Nevertheless, samples with high values of resultant physicochemical parameters after the ultrafiltration process were still characterized by high toxicity. Pressure membrane processes show high effectiveness in the removal of contaminants from backwash water. However, it is necessary to introduce supporting processes aimed at reducing membrane pore blocking by deposits and organic compounds, and in the case of ultrafiltration, assuring the safety of the purified stream in terms of the toxicological effect.
Desalination, 2013
► Reuse of bio-treated municipal wastewater ► Application of nanofiltration for wastewater reuse ► Best product water quality with NF-90 membrane a b s t r a c t In this study, the municipal wastewater treated by biological methods was used for further treatment by nanofiltration method for wastewater reuse. For this purpose, different nanofiltration (NF) membranes, such as CK, NF-90, and NF-270 were employed. The quality analysis of product water was carried out using various analytical techniques. The results revealed that the NF-90 membrane can produce the best water quality compared to other two membranes. The CK membrane showed also a good rejection property after NF-90 membrane but its big inconvenience is that it gave a lower water flux. Despite the good water flux by NF-270, the permeate quality obtained with this membrane was not as good as obtained with the NF-90 and CK membranes.
Water Today, 2018
T he generation of waste waters in industrial processes is unavoidable, and in most cases a process of reducing the organic load and other contaminants must be employed before water discharge. Nowadays membrane technology has grown significantly in waste water treatment. Nanofiltration (NF) has proven to be a very effective method for the removal of wide variety of organic compounds from waste water. NF process investigated for removal of color contains from the waste water and reductions of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The COD is most important parameter for reuse the water as well as for drainage also because pollution control board not allows draining the water with high COD. Dyes Manufacturing Industry Recently, Dyes Manufacturing Industries as well as textiles industries started to use NF membranes for COD reductions. Also, reverse osmosis can be regarded as the state of the art in waste water treatment. The required water quality can be achieved by combining membrane separation processes e.g. nanofiltration followed by reverse osmosis. Previous studies have shown that membrane separation processes have been applied with success for the reduction of COD of several waste waters. RO processes for waste water treatment have been applied to the chemical, textile, petrochemical, electrochemical, pulp and paper and food industries as well as for the treatment of municipal waste water. Several studies have been made comparing the effectiveness of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes for various waste waters. It was found that the required water quality can always be achieved by membrane processes-if necessary in cascaded operation. NF membranes are also thin film barrier membranes between 2 phase capabilities of separating constituent as a function of their physical or chemical properties, when driven force has applied. A composite "Aliphatic Amine" based polyamide membranes with MWCO of 400 Da (gm/mol) can be work satisfactory on such application. The MWCO can be test by the PEG solution. Membranes materials come in very diverse ranges depending on the chemical composition and physical structure. These are the dense membranes and dense membranes effect separation by physical and chemical interactions between the permeating constituents and the membranes material. The separation achieved by dense membranes is highly selective. These membranes having the "Hydrophobic" characteristic, so the surface roughness of these membranes is rougher than the normal RO membranes. The permeability of these membranes is little bit less because of their hydrophobic character. The fouling potential also less in these membranes because of high surface roughness, so organic contaminants also not deposited on the membranes surface and its reject in concentrate side. These membranes also used for removal of hardness, removal of sulphate, Removal of nitrate, Polysaccharide concentrations, Dyes desalting, OBA (Optical Brightener agent) purifications, Hemo-Cellulose separation from acid bath, desalting of Daunorubicin-HCL, Glyphoset Concentration and landfill leachate treatment. It has calculated that 2 % of the total worldwide production of dyes is discharged directly as aqueous solution. Further almost 10 % are lost during the processes. 54 Water Today-The Magazine l September 2018
Nanofiltration systems and applications in wastewater treatment: Review article
Nanofiltration membrane (NF) is one of the most important activities employed in wastewater treatment field. It is a relatively recent development in membrane technology and it can be aqueous or non-aqueous. Characteristics of NF fall between UF and RO, and functions by both pore-size flow (convective) and the solution-diffusion mechanisms. Membrane charges play an important role in membrane function and often NF membrane as have surface negative charges. NF technique is used in a variety of water and wastewater treatment (WWT) in different industrial applications. The main job of NF is the selective removal of ions and organic substances and it is used in some specified seawater desalination application. The main objective of this review is to illustrate the main applications of NF process in water reuse, WWT as tertiary treatment, water softening and desalination fields. Comparison of basic economic analyses with other alternative processes in profitability is also performed.
A review of nanomaterials based membranes for removal of contaminants from polluted waters
Membrane Water Treatment, 2014
Safe water has becoming a competitive resource in many parts of the world due to increasing population, prolonged droughts, climate change etc. The development of economical and stable materials and methods for providing the fresh water in adequate amounts is the need of the water industry. Nanomaterials have unique characteristics e.g., large surface areas, size, shape, and dimensions etc. that make them particularly attractive for removing various contaminants from polluted waters. Nanotechnology based multifunctional and highly efficient membrane processes are providing affordable solutions in the new era that do not rely on large infrastructures or centralizes systems. The objective of the current study is to review the possible applications of the membrane based nanomaterials/composites for the removal of various contaminations from polluted waters. The article will briefly overview the availability and practice of different nanomaterials based membranes for removal of bacteria and viruses, organic compounds and inorganic solutes etc. present in surface water, ground water, seawater and/or industrial water. Finally, recommendations are made based on the current practices of nanofiltration membranes in water industry for a stand-alone membrane filtration system in removing various types of contaminants from polluted waters.
Preparation and Characterization of Nanofiltration Membrane for Water Treatment
2012
Thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration (NF) membranes were developed by terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) crosslinked the hydroxyl ended groups of hyperbranched polyester (HPE) on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that a thin layer of crosslinked HPE molecules were deposited on PAN porous membrane surface successfully. The preparation conditions were also optimized. The separation performance of PAN-HPE-TPC NF membranes are mainly related with the concentration of monomer in the aqueous phase rather than that in the organic phase. Water permeability and salts rejections of the membranes were measured. The flux and rejection of these NF membranes for Na 2 SO 4 (1 g/L) reached 11.43 L/m 2 h and 96.5% under 0.6 MPa, respectively. At the same time, the nanofiltration properties were compared with other membranes prepared with hyperbranched polymers. All NF membranes prepared with hyperbranched polymers showed relative high permeate flux.