The Association Between Anemia of Chronic Inflammation and Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (original) (raw)
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Anemia and dementia SPAH Itamar 2011
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Association Between Anemia and Dementia: A Nationwide, Populationbased Cohort Study in Taiwan
Current Alzheimer Research, 2020
Background: In addition to the traditional risk predictors, whether anemia is an early biomarker of dementia, needs to be confirmed. Objective: This population-based cohort study aimed to investigate the dementia risk in patients with newly diagnosed anemia using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Methods: All newly diagnosed anemia patients (n = 26,343) with no history of stroke hospitalization, central nervous disease other than dementia, psychiatric disorders, traumatic brain injury, major operations, or blood loss diseases, were enrolled. A group of non-anemic controls, 1:4 matched with anemic patients on the basis of demographics and comorbidities, was also included. A competing risk analysis was used to evaluate the dementia risk in anemic patients compared to that of their matched controls. Results: The adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) of dementia risk in anemic patients was 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08~1.21, p<0.001). ...
Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2017
The aim of this study was to investigate whether anemia is associated with dementia incidence in the elderly. Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS) database, we identified 66-year-old subjects (n = 37,900) who were free of dementia and stroke. Anemia (hemoglobin < 12 g/dl for women and < 13 g/dl for men) and the severity of anemia (mild, moderate, or severe) were defined using World Health Organization criteria. The incidence of dementia was identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, dementia diagnosis codes (F00, F01, F02, F03, and G30) with prescription of an antidementia drug. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess HRs for dementia incidence according to anemia. After adjusting for sex, baseline cognitive state, body mass index, smoking status, household income, disability, depression, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, we found a significant association...
Anaemia increases the risk of dementia in cognitively intact elderly
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Although cross-sectional studies found an association between anaemia and dementia, longitudinal studies provided contradictory results. We hypothesize that anaemia might increase the risk of developing dementia because of chronic brain hypo-oxygenation.
BMC family practice, 2001
A project aimed at studying the frequency of dementia and depression in the catchment area of the Health Centre of Chrissoupolis (HCCh), Northern Greece, was carried out. This paper reports the association between AD and anemia among the elderly participants in this Greek study. Eligible participants were people 65 years or over who were (a) living in the Elderly People's Home (all 48 subjects included); (b) visiting the Open Center for Elderly People during a 20 workday period (75 subjects) and (c) visiting the HCCh for routine medical care. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used in assessing the cognitive capacity of the participants. Blood was drawn for serum hematocrit, vitamin B12 and folate determination. The prevalence proportions of possible cognitive impairment among anemic and non-anemic males were 55.6% and 34.4%, respectively (X2 = 5.8, d.f. = 1, p = 0.016). The corresponding proportions in females were 47.5% and 40.1 % (X2 = 1.1, d.f. = 1, p = 0.305). Usi...
Anemia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in the German General Population
Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2015
There is increasing evidence that anemia is associated with cognitive impairment. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the cross-sectional association of anemia as well as the persistence of anemia over the last five years with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and MCI subtypes (amnestic/non-amnestic MCI (aMCI/naMCI)). Out of 4,157 participants (50% men, 50-80 years) of the second examination (t1) of a cohort study (baseline (t0) 2000-2003), we included 4,033 participants with available hemoglobin information and complete cognitive assessment. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin <13 g/dl in men (n = 84) and <12 g/dl in women (n = 79). Group comparisons were used to compare the cognitive subtests. To determine the association of MCI with anemia at t1, with anemia five years prior to the cognitive assessment (t0) and anemia at both time points, we used multivariable logistic regression models and included 579 participants with MCI and 1,438 cognitively normal participants o...
Anemia and the Risk of Cognitive Impairment: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Brain Sciences, 2021
Background: Cognitive impairment is one of the most common, burdensome, and costly disorders in the elderly worldwide. The magnitude of the association between anemia and overall cognitive impairment (OCI) has not been established. Objective: We aimed to update and expand previous evidence of the association between anemia and the risk of OCI. Methods: We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched electronic databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science for published observational studies and clinical trials between 1 January 1990 and 1 June 2020. We excluded articles that were in the form of a review, letter to editors, short reports, and studies with less than 50 participants. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. We estimated summary risk ratios (RRs) with random effects. Results: A total of 20 studies, involving 6558 OCI patients were included. Anemia was significantly associ...
Blood inflammatory markers and risk of dementia: The Conselice Study of Brain Aging
Neurobiology of Aging, 2007
Incidence studies of blood inflammatory markers as predictors of dementia in older age are few and did not take into account hyperhomocysteinemia, although this condition is associated with both inflammation and increased risk of dementia. We investigated the relationships of baseline serum C-reactive protein (CRP), serum interleukin 6 (IL6), plasma alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, and hyperhomocysteinemia (defined as plasma total homocysteine > 15 mol/L) with risk of incident Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) in a dementia-free Italian population-based elderly cohort (n = 804, 53.2% women, mean age 74 years) with 4 years of follow-up. No inflammatory marker, alone or in combination, predicted AD risk whereas the combination of high CRP and high IL6 was associated with risk of VaD (HR, 2.56; 95%CI, 1.21-5.50) independently of socio-demographic confounders, traditional risk factors and hyperhomocysteinemia. By contrast, in the same model, hyperhomocysteinemia was independently associated with AD (HR, 1.91; 95%CI, 1.02-3.56) but not VaD risk. Blood inflammatory markers are associated with increased VaD risk but do not predict AD, which seems selectively associated with hyperhomocysteinemia.
Anemia of Inflammation Is Related to Cognitive Impairment among Children in Leyte, The Philippines
Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2009
Background: Many studies have addressed the relationship between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and cognitive impairment, but none have evaluated the role of non-iron deficiency anemia (NIDA). One of the main causes of NIDA in developing countries is AI, largely due to infectious diseases, whereby iron is shunted away from bio-available forms to storage forms, making it less accessible for use by host tissues. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of NIDA, due largely to AI in this context, on cognitive function after adjustment for potential confounders.
Hemoglobin level in older persons and incident Alzheimer disease: Prospective cohort analysis
Neurology, 2011
Objective: To test the hypothesis that level of hemoglobin is associated with incident Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods: A total of 881 community-dwelling older persons participating in the Rush Memory and Aging Project without dementia and a measure of hemoglobin level underwent annual cognitive assessments and clinical evaluations for AD. Results: During an average of 3.3 years of follow-up, 113 persons developed AD. In a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, and education, there was a nonlinear relationship between baseline level of hemoglobin such that higher and lower levels of hemoglobin were associated with AD risk (hazard ratio [HR] for the quadratic of hemoglobin 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.11). Findings were unchanged after controlling for multiple covariates. When compared to participants with clinically normal hemoglobin (n ϭ 717), participants with anemia (n ϭ 154) had a 60% increased hazard for developing AD (95% CI 1.02-2.52), as did participants with clinically high hemoglobin (n ϭ 10, HR 3.39, 95% CI 1.25-9.20). Linear mixed-effects models showed that lower and higher hemoglobin levels were associated with a greater rate of global cognitive decline (parameter estimate for quadratic of hemoglobin ϭ Ϫ0.008, SE Ϫ0.002, p Ͻ 0.001). Compared to participants with clinically normal hemoglobin, participants with anemia had a Ϫ0.061 z score unit annual decline in global cognitive function (SE 0.012, p Ͻ 0.001), as did participants with clinically high hemoglobin (Ϫ0.090 unit/year, SE 0.038, p ϭ 0.018). Conclusions: In older persons without dementia, both lower and higher hemoglobin levels are associated with an increased hazard for developing AD and more rapid cognitive decline. Neurology ® 2011; 77:219-226 GLOSSARY AD ϭ Alzheimer disease; CI ϭ confidence interval; FEV1 ϭ forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC ϭ forced vital capacity; HR ϭ hazard ratio; MCI ϭ mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimer disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older persons, but its underlying biology is poorly understood. AD affects about 5.3 million persons in the United States 1 and is anticipated to affect 13.5 million individuals by 2050. 2 Prevention of AD requires identifying risk factors for the development of AD, especially factors amenable to intervention. Hemoglobin abnormalities are common in the elderly 3,4 and have been associated with increased mortality. 5 Some cross-sectional studies have found relations between anemia and a lower level of cognition, 6,7 and we previously reported that both lower and higher hemoglobin levels are associated with worse performance on cognitive tests. 8 Currently, it is unclear whether hemoglobin level is related to developing AD. A historical cohort study found that older persons with anemia were not more likely to develop AD 9 while another prospective cohort study pointed to anemia having a higher hazard for incident dementia, including AD. 10 A recent