Profile and Content of Residual Alkaloids in Ten Ecotypes of Lupinus mutabilis Sweet after Aqueous Debittering Process (original) (raw)
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Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2020
Background: The presence of quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) in the species Lupinus mutabilis Sweet limits the expansion of its consumption and use, despite its high protein content. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the effect of two thermal treatments, aqueous (ATT) and saline (STT) on QAs and total protein contents, as well as on the texture (fracturability and hardness), the attributes of the visual perception Hue (H*), Luminosity (L*) and chromatism (C*) and grain size in three lupin varieties (INIAP-450, INIAP-451 and Criollo). In addition, the water consumption of each treatment was measured. Results: The debittering process with the ATT helped to concentrate the total nitrogen by 560 g kg-1 and decreased the grain hardness to 2037gf in the Criollo variety, while the chromatic parameters H* and C* increased in the three varieties. The STT was more efficient than the ATT in terms of the time required and the volume of water used to reduce the QAs to safe levels for consumption (2.5-3.5 g kg-1). The size of the grain increased to 4 times its original size; the luminosity L* decreased during cooking to a value of 41.49 in the Criollo variety and then increased to 57.42 during grain washing. Conclusions: the STT was advisable for lupin debittering, although the extent of the effect was dependent on the variety.
Quantification of quinolizidine alkaloids in lupin seeds, lupin-based ingredients and foods
Lupins for health and …, 2008
Since lupin proteins are more and more used to replace animal proteins and other plants ingredients in foods such as bakery products, imitation dairy and meat products, and beverages, there is an increasing risk of an undesired exposition to quinolizidine alkaloids, bitter compounds produced by lupin plants as a defence against predators that have shown to possess acute oral toxicity mainly related to neurological effects. In order to estimate the current exposition of the EU population, quinolizidine alkaloids were quantified in 3 seed samples, 3 protein isolates and 18 foods, either models or commercially available. Our data indicate that all food samples respect the maximum limit of 200 mg/kg fixed by the Health Authorities of Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, and France. Two samples of L. albus and L. angustifolius exceeded 200 mg/kg. The contents are particularly low in lupin protein isolates and in foods containing these ingredients, indicating that their use is a very effective tool for keeping low the alkaloid daily intake.
Quinolizidine Alkaloids in Seeds of Lupin Genotypes of Different Origins
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008
The intake of lupin-based foods could imply the exposure of consumers to quinolizidine alkaloids. The objectives of this study were to assess the genetic variation among and within 11 geographic regions of Lupinus albus ecotypes, verify the quinolizidine alkaloids amount of alkaloid-poor L. albus and Lupinus angustifolius varieties, and assess the effect of two climatically contrasting Italian environments on the alkaloid content. The quantitation was performed by GC-MS, and in all samples lupanine was the most abundant quinolizidine alkaloid, followed by albine and 13R-hydroxylupanine for L. albus and by 13R-hydroxylupanine and angustifoline for L. angustifolius. Some regions tended to have a high (Azores) or low (Egypt, Near East, Maghreb) total alkaloids content, but the variation among ecotypes within regions was larger than that among regions following the estimation of variance components. Alkaloid-poor varieties tended to have higher total alkaloid contents when grown in the subcontinental climate site, exceeding in some cases the limit of 0.200 mg/g.
Alkaloid Profile of Leaves and Seeds of Lupinus hintonii C. P. Smith
L. hintonii C. P. Smith grows in the Central Highland forests of Mexico at altitudes between 2800 m to 3200 m above see level. Members of the genus Lupinus produce quinolizidine alkaloids as main chemical defensive compounds against herbivores. Surprisingly alkaloid profiles are rather constant within this species, while substantial variation was found when compared to morphologically closely related other taxa. As part of a phytochemical project on Mexican wild lupins, we report on the alkaloid profiles of seeds and leaves of L. hintonii. 19 alkaloids could be identified by capillary GLC-MS. Six major alkaloids occurred in leaves and seeds: 13-hydroxylupanine (28% and 45% respectively), tetrahydrorhombifoline (31% and 23% respectively), angustifoline (2% and 4% respectively), lupanine (7% and 5% respectively), 13α-tigloyloxylupanine (19% and 5% respectively) and 4α-angeloyl-3 -hydroxylupanine (9% and 2%). This chemical pattern resembles that of the North American lupin L. floribundus.
Searching for low alkaloid forms in the Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis) collection
Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2017
The Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) is the only cultivated species of the genus Lupinus originating from South America. Attempts were made to introduce this species to European soil and climatic conditions. The main disadvantages of the Andean lupin include too long and non-uniform maturation of pods in a plant, dropping flowers and pod buds, and a high alkaloid content (up to 5%). The aim of this study was to identify in post-mutagen treated material genotypes with low alkaloid content in seeds, which would be useful for improving L. mutabilis by breeding. The iodine test was annually performed to test the presence of alkaloids in seeds, using Lugol’s solution (I in KI). Based on the turbidity of the test samples, the investigated plants were divided into four groups, labelled as follows: G – individuals with a high content of alkaloids (very bitter), P – individuals with an intermediate content of alkaloids (bitter), PS – individuals with a low alkaloid content (fairly swee...
Alkaloid Composition of Lupinus Campestris from Mexico
Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2001
The content of quinolizidine alkaloids (QA) in Lupinus campestris, Fabaceae famil?], was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS}. Samples of various organs of Lupinus campestris collected at dgerent monthly stages of the growing plant, were subjected to e.xtraction in a Merck Extrelut column. The quinolizidine alkaloid putterns of stems, leaves, powers, pods and seeds were assessed and then identiJied and quantified by GC. Alkaloid structures were identified according to their mass fragmentation patterns. in combination with their indicative Kovats retention index. Alkaloids found in several developmental stages of the plant were mainly: aphyllidine, 5,6-dehydrolupanine, aphylline, dehydro-oxosparteine, lupanine, cz-iso lupanine, hydroxyaphylline and hydroxyaphyllidine, plus two alkaloids that were not identlfied. During the third month the relative abundance of total alkaloids were highest. The main alkaloids found in seeds were hydroxyaphylline and hydroxyaphyllidine.
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2008
Lupin proteins are gaining attention to replace animal proteins and other plants ingredients in several foods such as bakery products, imitation dairy and meat products, and beverages. One of the major safety issues of lupin-based foods is the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs), bitter compounds produced by lupin plants as a defense mechanism against predators. In mammals, QA intoxication is characterized by trembling, shaking, excitation, and convulsion. Lupanine and sparteine, the most common QAs, show acute oral toxicity due to neurological effects leading to the loss of motor coordination and muscular control. In this paper, 27 samples of lupin-based products, i. e., flours, protein isolates, and food (either model or commercially available ones), were analyzed for evaluating the QA content using a method based on GC/MS. All the analyzed samples were safe since they respect the maximum limit of 200 mg/kg fixed by the Health Authorities of Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, and France, that have regulated this topic. The QA contents were particularly low in protein isolates and in foods containing these ingredients, indicating that their use is a very effective tool for keeping low the daily intake of QAs.
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 2001
Alkaloid profiles of two Lupinus species growing naturally in Egypt (L. albus albus [synonym L. term is], L. varius orientalis) in addition to two New World species (L. hartwegii, L. densiflorus) which were cultivated in Egypt were studied by capillary GLC and GLC-mass spectrometry with respect to quinolizidine alkaloids. Altogether 44 quinolizidine, bipiperidyl and proto-indole alkaloids were identified; 29 in L. albus, 13 in L. varius orientalis, 15 in L. hartwegii, 6 in L. densiflorus. Some of these alkaloids were identified for the first time in these plants. The alkaloidal patterns of various plant organs (leaves, flowers, stems, roots, pods and seeds) are documented. Screening for antimicrobial activity of these plant extracts demonstrated substantial activity against Candida albicans, A spergillus flavus and Bacillus subtilis.
Industrial Crops and Products, 2005
With the use of GC-MS, the resolution and identification of alkaloids occurring in the seeds of six species of wild Mexican lupins has been achieved. From among 46 detected compounds it was possible to identify unambiguously 24 of them. Most of identified alkaloids are from the lupanine group. The percentage content of particular alkaloids in comparison with the total alkaloid pool (ranged from 2.0 to 3.5%) in the species tested has also been determined. Alcoholic extract from Lupinus exaltatus seeds (ALP) with low RFOs and sucrose content, introduced in different doses (80, 320 and 1600 mg d.w./pot.) to soil has increased paprika fruit yield (for doses 320 and 1600 mg/pot) and its vegetative mass (for all applied doses). The experiments were carried out in greenhouse in controlled conditions within a period of March-December 2001.