Speeches and practices of the rural development: A reading from Caldas department, Colombia (original) (raw)
Discursos y prácticas de desarrollo rural: una lectura desde el departamento de Caldas, Colombia
2011
RESUMEN To contribute to the current debate on rurality, research was conducted focusing on the discourses and practices of rural development. To this end, documents were reviewed that address this topic from 1950 to 2007, and was examined primary information provided by officials from various institutions and programs oriented rural development projects in Caldas. It was found a predominance of economic and productive approaches in rural development practices, and an eclectic position in speeches. Analysis of primary sources can be inferred that in Caldas there is a vanguard and theoretical management of the concept, but the practices continue to be guided by principles derived from theories and models considered outdated. Para contribuir al debate actual sobre la ruralidad, se realizo una investigacion enfocada en los discursos y practicas del desarrollo rural. A tal fin se llevo a cabo una revision de documentos que abordan esta tematica desde 1950 hasta 2007; asi mismo, se exami...
Three essays on rural development
2021
This dissertation combines research on three topics related to rural development in low-income countries. It is motivated by my experience as a farmer and extension agent in Colombia and the conviction that efforts made to address these challenges can significantly improve the lives of rural communities. The first chapter evaluates the impact of partial conflict resolution on legal and illegal economic activity. The second chapter, based on the joint work with Mary Paula Arends-Kuenning and Anina Hewey, tests the potential of the teacher-student-parent channel of information exchange built around vocational training programs for the diffusion of agricultural technology. The third chapter, based on joint work with Sandy Dall´Erba, estimates the effect of climate variability on future coffee productivity in Colombia. The first chapter links the occurrence of positive or negative outcomes after a conflict resolution process to the configuration of armed group presence that existed in a...
Colombia\u27s Rural Communities: Displacement, Plan Colombia and Alternative Models
2003
The objective of this thesis is to determine whether or not Plan Colombia effectively addresses the problems and needs of rural Colombia. The classical views of Marx, Lenin and Chayanov, the Theories of Development and the postulates of neoliberal ideology are discussed as the theoretical context within which Plan Colombia emerged. This thesis was derived through a process of archival research, interviews (N=8) and direct observation and participation in peasant demonstrations, which occurred primarily during the summer of 2002. A general review of Colombian rural development models (haciendas, plantations, Import Substitution Industrialization, agrarian reform, Export Promotion Stragies and neoliberal postulates) is made. Additionally, an analysis of the socio-political events ( La Violencia, the National Front, paramilitary and guerrilla groups), and the drug economy is included. This historical analysis frames the background that allowed the creation of Plan Colombia. Plan Colomb...
Several approaches to the study of poverty are discussed, to learn from their strengths as well as their weaknesses. For this purpose the concepts of marginality, social exclusion, new rurality and rural livelihoods, as well as the ethnic and gender dimensions of poverty, are examined. The debate on the peasantization (capitalization) or proletarianization (pauperization) of the peasantry sets the scene for the analysis of the different strategies adopted by peasants and rural labourers to secure their survival and perhaps achieve some prosperity. In examining the success or failure of interventions by governments, civil society and international organizations in the reduction of poverty, it is claimed that the State has a key role to perform. Furthermore, it is argued that poverty is caused and reproduced by the unequal distribution of resources and power at the household, local, national and international levels. Therefore, the starting point for the eradication of poverty has to be the implementation of a development strategy that addresses such inequalities while at the same time achieving competitiveness within the global system.
Rural Poverty and Development Strategies in Latin America
Journal of Agrarian Change, 2006
Several approaches to the study of poverty are discussed, to learn from their strengths as well as their weaknesses. For this purpose the concepts of marginality, social exclusion, new rurality and rural livelihoods, as well as the ethnic and gender dimensions of poverty, are examined. The debate on the peasantization (capitalization) or proletarianization (pauperization) of the peasantry sets the scene for the analysis of the different strategies adopted by peasants and rural labourers to secure their survival and perhaps achieve some prosperity. In examining the success or failure of interventions by governments, civil society and international organizations in the reduction of poverty, it is claimed that the State has a key role to perform. Furthermore, it is argued that poverty is caused and reproduced by the unequal distribution of resources and power at the household, local, national and international levels. Therefore, the starting point for the eradication of poverty has to be the implementation of a development strategy that addresses such inequalities while at the same time achieving competitiveness within the global system.
BEYOND THE CITY The Rural Contribution to Development
BID, 2005
THIS BOOK IS THE PRODUCT OF TWO YEARS OF RESEARCH BY A LARGE TEAM OF SPECIALISTS from throughout the Americas and beyond. It is also the product of rigorous evaluations by various discussants and project advisors. We are deeply grateful to all our talented colleagues and friends who did their best to improve the quality of the analysis and enhance the practical relevance of this book. Many of them are properly acknowledged in the endnotes in each chapter.
Revista Innova Educación, 2020
The article exposes the results of a critical analysis of the implementation process of the program Escuela Nueva in Colombia. It proposes a review at the policy borrowing process from an international perspective, as well as a description of the dynamics of implementation within the Colombian context. For such aim, an exhaustive analysis was performed by implementing a qualitative documentary review, using a typological sample selection of sources. The conclusions suggest the need to consider attendance and transition indicators as key elements for decision making regarding the continuity, diversification and improvement of the program, as well as the urgency of unifying the national goals in pursuit of a coordinated implementation of rural programs.
2020
The Central American Strategy for Rural Territorial Development is a regional policy regarding the rural territorial development of the Central American Integration System. A group of stakeholders was interviewed in order to analyze whether its different stages have characteristics that support the implementation and achievement of its desired goals. The results indicate that the design of this policy shows positive characteristics regarding the participatory process that involves the major stakeholders. However, the situation is worse regarding the implementation, primarily because of its weak ties to integrate system institutions, lack of funding, and the low involvement of national governments.
Rural development in Latin America. A critical territorial approach
2007
Latin America attends currently to the construction of a paradigm of rural development based on the potentiality of the territory to encourage processes of rural wellbeing. Some international studies relating rural development to territory from an institutional perspective have recently come out, greatly contributing to the construction of a territorially based rural development in the region. The paradigm is mainly centred in a monetary approach, stressing the need to increase incomes at local level through new agricultural or non-agricultural production and/or increases in productivity as well as through education for migrating to urban areas. Development policies and projects that promote social and institutional transformation have to deal with the confrontation of those who oppose changing the status quo, particularly the local elites, and the resistance of those communities that consider that their identities may be lost as a result of that transformation. Therefore, a critical approach to territory (understood as an arena where different local and non local actors try to realize their projects) should be build up in order to comprehend the process generating rural poverty and development. The purpose of this paper is to present the main ideas and concepts of an analytical framework under construction that may allow us to understand rural development from a critical territorial approach. The hypothesis is that social mobilization of local actors is a main issue when approaching and promoting development in poor rural regions of Latin American countries, especially the organization of peasants and farmers as they constitute the majority of the inhabitants and are largely excluded from the socioeconomic and political system. 1 This paper is part of my doctorate thesis project conducted from 2006 and as a proposal these ideas may need further exploration. I will be very much grateful for receiving comments, critics and opinions.
Implicaciones prácticas y teóricas de la nueva ruralidad en la Frailesca, Chiapas, México
La nueva ruralidad como concepto ha sido utilizado de muchas maneras, en el ámbito académico algunos autores(as) lo utilizan para describir y englobar una situación diferente de concebir y operacionalizar el desarrollo hacia la población rural. En el renglón político, la nueva ruralidad tiene como premisa, que los programas y acciones de desarrollo favorezcan a más grupos sociales y que además de los beneficiados históricamente, también esos resulten beneficiados con las acciones de desarrollo. En el ámbito legal, la nueva ruralidad surgió como un concepto emergente para definir y oficializar una descentralización de actividades institucionales hacia el campo, y el anuncio de la colaboración, integración y la operacionalización de actividades institucionales con actores que desde su propia perspectiva canalizan acciones de desarrollo hacia la población rural. Por ello el concepto de nueva ruralidad se ha popularizado a partir del reconocimiento del Estado de que en el medio rural no sólo hay actividades agropecuarias desarrolladas por hombres adultos y que no sólo él es el promotor del desarrollo.
Results of a Rural Development Project in Cacaotal, Cordoba, Colombia
1975
This report was updated to include several minor corrections, photographs and a copy of the letter from Cacaotal community leader M.A. Vasquez. It is dedicated to my friend, mentor and professional colleague Dr. Jerome H. Maner who passed away in December of 2009. From 1969 thru 1975, Jim Maner was the Animal Scientist and Coordinator of the Swine Production Systems at CIAT (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical) that is located in Cali, Colombia. (See Appendices A and B for more information on CIAT and CGRIAC.) At that time, there were more than 100 million pigs in Latin America, and approximately 85% of the swine were grown as a secondary or back yard enterprise on small or subsistence farms (CIAT, 1974). In the northern coastal region of Colombia, it was estimated that one million native pigs were being maintained on small farms. In late 1971, CIAT in collaboration with ICA (Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario) initiated a study in the village of Cacaotal that was located in the northern coastal region of Colombia. Cacaotal was selected because of its past association with the regional ICA Rural Development Program office in nearby Sahagún. Although 87% of the households in Cacaotal did not have latrines, the village did have access to potable water and electricity. Cacaotal was linked by a maintained passable 10-km dirt road to the town of Chinú and the paved national highway, Route 25. Under the supervision of Jim Maner, his doctoral committee member and "incountry" advisor, George D. Wesoloski conducted the field study of swine production practices in Cacaotal between September 1 st , 1971 and December 1 st , 1972. This study determined the existing level and efficiency of production, husbandry practices, feeding systems, health problems and marketing systems related to swine production on the small farms in the area. This research was incorporated into his thesis that was later accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree in Animal Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Wesoloski reported that pigs were traditionally grown under a completely extensive system. They were allowed to roam freely in the fields and around the village scavenging food that included pasture, garbage, worms, fallen fruit, unsalable cassava, plantains and corn, and human and livestock feces. The sows, predominantly of a native breed, Zungo Pelado, were bred by any boar that happened to be present at the time of estrus. This report then describes the efforts by the CIAT Swine Small Farms Production Systems team in Cacaotal during the two-year period after completion of the Wesoloski study. The objectives of the CIAT group were to study the entire traditional agricultural system that consisted of maize, yams, cassava and swine, and then develop through research trials in Las Cruces of Cacaotal an acceptable comprehensive technological package that would have a favorable impact on the farming system. D.D. Fisher Map of Colombia, South America. (Red arrow indicates approximate location of the village of Cacaotal in the northern coastal region of the country.) Location of the village of Cacaotal in the Departament of Córdoba, Colombia. un Chinu The village of Cacaotal and the nearby cultivated land in Las Cruces (1975).
Acta Agronómica
The theoretical framework “heritage and patrimony of the peasantry” and its suggested operationalization potentially offers an improvement over previous approaches to analyse rural development. The first application of the concept was carried out in Colombia, quantifying rural development indicators in six rural territories. The most critical indicators to define rural development in this context were identified as follows: biodiversity, recycling and communal values. Based on these findings, human patrimony has the lowest level of all the heritages of the Colombian peasantry. Public policies to overcome these matters in the post-conflict era, should be the priority of rural development strategies.