Single Time Heated Different Vegetable Oils Use-Impact on the Magnitude of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) Associated Adverse Effects (original) (raw)
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Lipids in Health and Disease
Background Hepatic diseases are one of the chief reasons for worldwide morbidity and mortality. The increased incidence in Asian countries is driving researchers to explore preventive ways from nature. It is more practical to go with healthy routine edibles like vegetable oils to avoid environmental and chemical hepatic injuries. With the use of thermally oxidized oils overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with overwhelmed cellular antioxidants defense system results in oxidative stress, the known cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Little is investigated about the effect of daily used oxidized cooking oils on hepatic function changes with oxidative stress especially in the animal model that mimics the human situation. Methods In this study, healthy adult male rabbits of local strain were divided into 4 groups (n = 12). First, two sets of rabbits were treated with 1 and 2 ml/kg/day of repeatedly heated mix vegetable oils (RHMVO...
Several vegetable oils have been associated with beneficial or harmful effects on the cardiovascular system which arises from the level of saturation or unsaturation of such oils. A total of 20 rats were used for the experiment for a period of 21days. The rats were grouped into four according to the feed given to them which consisted of a normal rat feed control group(group A), formulated ration of rat feed and extra virgin olive oil group (group B), formulated ration of rat feed and canola oil group (group C), and formulated ration of rat feed and sunflower oil group (group D), all in a ratio of 4(feed):1(oil). At the end of the experiment, the blood was collected by cardiac puncture. The blood was collected in both plain bottles and EDTA anti-coagulatant bottles for analysis. The result showed that except for group B, all the groups showed significant increase (P<0.05) between their mean initial and final weights.The catalase result for olive oil, canola oil and sunflower oil were 0.293±0.075IU,0.429±0.147IU and 0.527±0.022IU respectively, but were not significantly different (P>0.05) when compared to the catalase level in the control group. The superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) of rats fed with canola oil, sunflower oil as well as the control group were 0.037±0.022 IU, 0.043±0.021IU and 0.014±0.002 IU respectively which were higher than those fed with olive oil (0.012±0.007IU), but there was also no significant difference when the superoxide dismutase activity was compared in all the rat groups.There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in bothErythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Malondialdehyde Activity (MDA) levels in all the groups. Group C had the highest MDA levels of 0.324±0.085 µM which was higher than that of the control (group A) which had MDA levels of 0.288±0.053µM; Group B had the lowest MDA levels of 0.188±0.043 µM; Group D had the highest ESR levels of 3.667±0.667mm/hr which was above that of the control which had ESR levels of 2.000±0.577 mm/hr; Group B had the lowest ESR levels of 1.667±0.333mm/hr. This suggests that although there was no significant difference in the lipid peroxidation and inflammatory parameters investigated there are still some concerns about the type of oils that we consumewhich can predispose our systems to lipid peroxidationand inflammation. Monounsaturated oil (olive oil) seemed to be better in terms of the parameters investigated.
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 2019
Objectives: In parenteral nutrition-dependent infants and children, intestinal failure (IF)-associated liver disease (IFALD) remains an important problem. A comparative study was undertaken of parenteral mixed lipid (ML), v-3 predominant fish oil (FO), and v-6 predominant soybean oil (SO) emulsions in regards to hepatic phytosterol, neutral lipid, fatty acid (FA) content, and the relationship to cholestasis in piglets. Methods: Neonatal piglets received parenteral nutrition, varying in lipid dose (5 or 10 gÁ kg À1 Á day À1) and formulation: SO5 (n ¼ 5), SO10 (n ¼ 5), FO5 (n ¼ 5), and ML10 (n ¼ 5). On day 14, liver chemistry, bile flow, histology and neutral lipid staining were assessed. Hepatic triglyceride FA content was determined using thin layer and gas chromatography, and phytosterol content was assessed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: SO groups had higher prevalence of biochemical cholestasis (P < 0.04) and lower bile flow (P < 0.0001). Hepatic campesterol, stigmasterol, and bsitosterol were highest in SO10 (P < 0.0001). Hepatic FA (P < 0.03) and v-6/v-3 FA ratio (P < 0.0001) were higher in the SO groups. Neutral lipid accumulation (P ¼ 0.3) and liver histology (P ¼ 0.16) were not different between groups. Univariate predictors of bile flow were: campesterol (r ¼ À0.77, P ¼ 0.001), bsitosterol (r ¼ À0.74, P ¼ 0.002), stigmasterol (r ¼ À0.74, P ¼ 0.002), v-6 FA (r ¼ À0.72, P ¼ 0.002), and v-3 FA (r ¼ 0.59, P ¼ 0.02). Only campesterol independently predicted bile flow. Conclusions: ML and FO lipid emulsions reduce cholestasis in association with lowered hepatic phytosterol and lipid content. Lower hepatic phytosterol and v-6 FA content, and higher v-3 FA content are hepatoprotective. Multivariate analysis suggests reduced phytosterol accumulation may best explain the hepatoprotective effect of fish oil-containing lipids.
British Journal of Nutrition, 2005
Intravenous lipid emulsions (ILE) have demonstrated advantages including prevention of essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency; however, too much EFA can down regulate fatty acid elongation leading to an imbalance of nutritional compounds in plasma and cell membranes. An olive oil-based ILE containing long-chain triacylglycerols (LCT) with a low content (20 %) of PUFA was administered for home parenteral nutrition (HPN) and compared with a conventional soyabean oil-based ILE (PUFA content, 60 %). Thirteen patients (26–92 years) with stable intestinal failure were randomised after a 1-month run-in period with a medium-chain triacylglycerols–LCT-based ILE, to receive 3 months of HPN with either olive oil- (n6) or soyabean oil-based (n7) ILE. The nutritional impact and safety of HPN, oral intakes and absorption rates, phospholipid fatty acids in plasma and lymphocyte cell membrane were assessed. The only clinical event reported was one case of pneumonia (soya group). In both groups, 20 :...
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2002
Single-cell oils are currently included in human infant formula as sources of the long-chain polyunsaturates (LCP) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in many countries, but have not yet been approved for use in the USA. We prepared four bovine-milk-based formulas with AA/DHA=0, 34/17, 68/34 and 170/85 (mg per 100 kcal formula) provided by two commercial single-cell oils. These levels correspond approximately to 0, 1, 2 and 5 times the concentrations used in infant formulas and, due to greater consumption of formula per unit body weight, resulted in daily consumption of approximately 0, 3, 6 and 16 times those anticipated for human infants. All other dietary fat (47% of calories) was provided by a vegetable oil blend used in commercial human infant formulas. Domestic piglets were allowed to nurse with the sow for 24 h after parturition, then removed to individual cages and maintained on one of the four diets. At 30 days of age the piglets were sacrificed, and serum collected and organs weighed. With litters treated as a blocked variable, no significant differences among groups were found by analysis of variance for the following serum assays: alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and total protein. No significant differences were found for hematocrit or body weight. No significant differences were found among groups for weights of liver, brain, heart, lung, spleen, kidneys or lung, analyzed as absolute weight and as a fraction of body weight. Hematoxylin/eosin liver sections examined by light microscopy showed no abnormalities as evaluated by an independent pathologist. DHA content in liver and heart and AA content in heart showed significant dose-related accumulation (P <0.05) and confirmed enhanced tissue accretion of DHA and AA from both oils. We conclude that single-cell oils in formula consumed for 1 month in amounts up to 16-fold greater than proposed for human infants in the USA did not result in clinical chemistry or histopathologic indications of toxic effects in neonatal pigs. #
European Journal of Nutrition, 2018
Purpose Palm (PO) and olive oils (OO) are the two most consumed and/or used oils in the world for food elaboration. These oils should not be confused with the solid palm stearin which is widely used in pastry making. Large number of studies was reported dealing with adverse/beneficial cardiovascular effects of PO and OO, whereas few studies were conducted to compare their potential effects on hepatic steatosis and liver lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic effects of high intake of POs (both crude and refined) and virgin OO on surrogate parameters of glucose tolerance, hepatic lipid metabolism and liver integrity. Methods Thirty-two young male Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups and fed either control diet (11% energy from fat) or three high-fat diets rich in crude or refined POs or in OO (56% energy from fat), during 12 weeks. Systemic blood and liver biochemical parameters linked to glucose and lipid metabolism as well as hepatic steatosis and liver fatty acid composition were explored. The inflammation and oxidative stress status as well as the expression of several genes/ proteins were also analyzed. Results The major effects of POs intake concerned glucose metabolism and liver fatty acid composition, whereas the major effects of OO intake concerned hepatic TG accumulation, inflammation, and cytolysis. Conclusions In conclusion, high dietary intake of PO compromises glucose tolerance whereas high dietary intake of OO compromises hepatic lipid composition and liver integrity. However, adverse hepatic effects of OO observed in this study may not be transposed to human since, (a) the rodent model could lead to different effects than those observed in humans and (b) the average normal OO amounts ingested in the population are lower than those corresponding to a high-fat diet. So, further studies are needed to determine a maximum non-invasive dietary intake of OO.
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 2016
Alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3, ALA) is an essential fatty acid and the metabolic precursor of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) from the n-3 family with relevant physiological and metabolic roles: eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3, DHA). Western diet lacks of suitable intake of n-3 LCPUFA and there are recommendations to increase the dietary supply of such nutrients. Seed oils rich in ALA such as those from rosa mosqueta (Rosa rubiginosa), sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubis) and chia (Salvia hispanica) may constitute an alternative that merits research. This study evaluated hepatic and epididymal accretion and biosynthesis of n-3 LCPUFA, the activity and expression of Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturase enzymes, the expression and DNA-binding activity of PPAR-α and SREBP-1c, oxidative stress parameters and the activity of antioxidative enzymes in rats fed sunflower oil (SFO, 1% ALA) as control group, canola oil (CO, 10% ALA), rosa mosqueta oil (RMO, 33% ALA), sacha inchi oil (SIO, 49% ALA) and chia oil (ChO, 64% ALA) as single lipid source. A larger supply of ALA increased the accretion of n-3 LCPUFA, the activity and expression of desaturases, the antioxidative status, the expression and DNA-binding of PPAR-α, the oxidation of fatty acids and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, whereas the expression and DNA-binding activity of SREBP-1c transcription factor and the biosynthetic activity of fatty acids declined. Results showed that oils rich in ALA such as SIO and ChO may trigger metabolic responses in rats such as those produced by n-3 PUFA. & 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. by two highly controlled desaturase enzymes, Δ-5 desaturase and Δ-6 desaturase [7]. The activity and the expression of these enzymes are controlled by hormones (insulin and estrogens), the intracellular redox status and the activity of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) transcription factor [6,8]. The synthesis of n-3 and n-6 LCPUFA occurs mainly in the liver, and to a lesser extent in other tissues such as the brain, testicles and mammary gland [9]. It is relevant that after the increase of tissue levels of AA, EPA and DHA produced by the dietary supply of Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Olive oil is an important source of mono-unsaturated fat and a prime component of the Mediterranean diet. The beneficial health effects of olive oil are due to both its high content of mono-unsaturated fatty acids and its high content of anti-oxidative substances. This study is aimed at comparing the effects of industrially processed olive oil sold in Nigeria and locally processed olive oil in Plateau State Nigeria. Albino rats of weight 173 to 220 g were fed with normal feed in the University of Jos animal house and the rats were divided into four groups with four rats in each group. Locally processed short and long species of olive oil was given to two different groups; industrially processed olive oil was also administered according to their body weight. The effects of these oils on their body weight, liver and kidney were accessed through weighing, liver and kidney oxidative stress markers and histological examination. These different administrations were Original Research Article Istifanus et al.; JALSI, 13(3): 1-14, 2017; Article no.JALSI.35513 2 compared with a normal control which was not given with any oil. Results of these tests showed a significant difference in the different treatment groups. Therefore, consumption of industrially processed olive oil may constitute a chronic effect on the liver and kidney of its consumers. However, locally processed short species had milder harmful effect compared to locally process long and industrially processed.