Coordinating Clusters: A Cross Sectoral Study of Cluster Organization Functions in The Netherlands (original) (raw)
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In pursuit of innovative clusters
OECD (Ed.), Innovative Clusters: Drivers of …, 2001
Innovation seldom occurs in isolation. This is reflected in the rise of a 'family' of innovation system approaches. The cluster approach is part of this growing family and can be interpreted as a reducedform National Innovation System (NIS). A cluster can be defined as chains of suppliers, customers and knowledge centres (universities, research institutes, knowledge-intensive services, intermediary organisations) that: i) have at their disposal complementary competencies; ii) are interconnected through production chains or value chains; iii) improve joint industrial processes and end products; and iv) (possibly) participate in networks focused on innovation and technology development. Apart from reflecting the systemic character of modern innovation and interactive innovation processes and being an analytical tool, clusters have also proven to be a useful framework for developing and applying new forms of governance. In fact the cluster approach can be seen as a tool for knowledge and innovation management at the meso-level. It can pinpoint those actions that are most needed to overcome barriers to innovation and to customise these actions to a specific cluster. This paper summarises the results (analysis of clusters, cluster innovation policies) of a joint research effort performed within the framework of the OECD Cluster Focus Group, part of the OECD NIS project.
The Purpose and Potential of Clusters: Theoretical Background and a Case Study
The main focus of the paper is knowledge management, knowledge and technology sharing and the influence of communication and cooperation within clusters. Dynamic and highly competitive conditions require gaining a unique competitive advantage. The clusters provide an effective resource utilisation, costs decrease and processes improvement. The attitude of clusters varies significantly and ineffective ones should learn from the successful ones to enhance not only their performance, but also to sustainably develop the regional and national economy. Therefore, the cluster principles with the provided advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Moreover, the case study of a real cluster is described in detail.
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Conference on Clusters and Industrial Districts “Physical and Digital Proximity”, University of Valencia – Faculty of Economy, Valencia, Spain, 2018
This study reviews the current research studies that analyse economic and social determinants affecting mortality in Europe. Once a number of 1.557 articles from Scopus database were collected, the statistical techniques "Homals" and "Cluster" were applied to the factors that affect mortality with statistical software R. Homals performs a homogeneity analysis with the objective of reducing the dimension of the data and the cluster technique detects clusters of the collected descriptors. Among the clusters obtained, the factors that have been frequently considered together to study European mortality were detected. The information provided by the conglomerates is important, since both insurers and public policies will have more information to improve the risk classification. In the actuarial field, it would help actuaries in the design of pensions and life insurance. In the field of public policies, it would help to prevent, treat or improve mortality as well as an efficient distribution of resources.
Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 13 (2), pp. 23-43., 2005
Industrial clusters are geographical concentrations of interconnected companies, specialised suppliers, service providers, firms in related industries, and associated institutions (for example, universities, standard agencies, and trade associations) that combine to create new products and/or services in specific lines of business. At present, the conceptof industrial cluster becomes very popular worldwide, policy makers at national, regional and local levels and business people in both forerunner and latecomer countries are keen to implement the cluster conceptas an economic development model. Though understanding of clusters and related promoting policies varies from one place to another, the underlying benefits of clusters from collective learning and knowledge spillovers between participating actors strongly attract the attention of these people.
Clusters and their driving forces-lessons learned from the CNCB project
Marketing & Menedzsment, 2016
The aims of the article are to deal with the global role o f clusters, to examine certain major features of their development, to define the driving forces behind their establishment and success and to analyse the results of an empirical research project. By this, it is hoped to make some contribution to the general results of research into the role of clusters in improving the performance of the economy.
The innovation system vs. cluster process: common contributive elements towards regional development
2004
Recent approaches to the study of innovations enhance some similar aspects of the innovation process in knowledge-based economies: (i) the systemic and interrelated nature of innovation and (ii) its geographic and inter-economic activities density of networking. One perspective is linked to the innovation systems approach at the national, regional and local level. What we know so far is that the most specialized forms of knowledge are becoming a short lived resource, in face of the (increasingly) fast changes that are occurring in the global economy; itÂ’s the ability to learn permanently and to adapt to this fast changing scenario that determines the innovative performance of firms, regions and countries. Another approach is to be found in the research on cluster development, where proximity and interrelated technical/technological linkage are the main features to take under consideration. Although these two approaches operate at slightly different spatial scale of analysis, they b...
2020
Abstract: The significance and popularity of the cluster and industrial district concepts claim for a deeper reflection. The analysis of one of the European Commission's (EC) policy documents shows inconsistencies that do not impede the formulation of normative statements. That way we answer the question of why and how cluster ideas have substituted industrial district principles and the consequences derived from that phenomenon.