Necessity of Productive Association with Technological Innovations for Sustainability of Extractive Reserves in the Amazon (original) (raw)
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2012
ALVIRA, DIANA1 and Karen Kainer2 1University of Florida, School of Natural Resources and Environment, Gainesville, Florida, USA 2University of Florida, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, Gainesville, Florida, USA (DCAlvira@ifas.ufl.edu) Livelihood Systems and Innovations: Their Influence on Natural Resource Conservation in an Amazonian Forest Frontier Colonist farmers in Amazonian forest frontiers respond differentially to opportunities in the region they occupy by adopting a variety of land management practices and creating social institutions to support their livelihoods. Research objectives to study this phenomenon were: (1) to analyze the diverse livelihood systems in the municipality of El Chaco, Ecuador, particularly as related to conservation; and (2) to identify novel practices and initiatives in natural resource conservation. Cattle husbandry with focus on market-based dairy producti...
The Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve: trajectories of agro-extractive development in Amazonia
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The Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve (CMER) located in Acre, Brazil in the southwest Amazon is a powerful symbol of the rubber tapper social movement. Created in 1990, the Reserve is named after rubber tapper and union leader Francisco "Chico" Mendes, who was assassinated by ranchers in 1988. The concept of the extractive reserve, a type of sustainable-use protected area, was conceived by rubber tappers to secure land rights and to protect the forests from which they derived their livelihoods. Thirty years since its creation, non-timber forest product (NTFP) extraction maintains a critical role in CMER resident livelihoods, but it is now one of multiple and dynamic trajectories of income generating activities in the CMER. The state government has promoted sustainable development policies aimed at productive and multiple use of forests, including community-based timber management (CBTM). Concomitantly, the scale and scope of small-scale cattle ranching reflecting a growing "cowboy culture" pervasive in Eastern Acre is growing. These forces have brought sociocultural changes to the reserve as CMER residents engage these intertwined trajectories to improve their livelihoods. This article explores the trajectories of multiple development strategies in the CMER. We do this by revisiting and expanding on the principal themes of research of the co-authors-NTFP extraction, cattle ranching, and CBTM. Increasingly diverse CMER households demand multiple pathways to improve livelihoods, and these trajectories have created new economic opportunities for reserve residents. Although the NTFP sector has experienced some success
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Revista Tempo do Mundo, 2022
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