A Metamaterial Loaded Hybrid Fractal Hepta-Band Antenna for Wireless Applications with Reconfigurability Characteristics (original) (raw)

DESIGN OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING FRACTAL GEOMETRY AND METAMATERIAL

The performance improvement which was achieved in rectangular patch antenna was made by the use of fractal geometry and Left-Handed Metamaterial (LHM). The two types of fractal geometry used are 1 st iteration of Minkoweski and Koch separately, while the 2 nd iteration includes (a combination two types of Koch and Minkoweski). The S-Shape Split Ring Resonator (S-SRR) was used to ensure the Left-Handed Metamaterial (LHM), that's mean negative value of permeability and permittivity in the same frequency band. Finally a combination of the designed (fractal antenna and S-Shape SRR) were used together, and the effect of this combination on antenna performance were made. Implementation of fractal geometry leads to the area redaction by 30%, and the implementation of S-SRR leads to the bandwidth improvement by 4% compared to the rectangular patch antenna design. The used program for the antenna design and their performance is CST software (Computer Simulation Technology), CST STUDIO SUITE TM 2010.

Design and Analysis of a Fractal Shaped Antenna Over a Meta Material

The main aim of our project is to construct antenna using fractal patterns in order to obtain desired performance properties. Here are some of the prevailing trends in the present day wireless devises and they are reduce in physical size and multi-band character. A reduction in physical size and multi-band capability are thus important design requirements for antennas in future wireless devices. The usage of fractal patterns in antenna design provides a simple and efficient method for obtaining the desired compactness. A proof-of-concept fractal antenna was designed with a thickness of 2mm by keeping meta material as a substrate. A compact, multi-band antenna based on the sirenpinski fractal was designed to operate at 0 to 10.0 GHz. Simulations were performed using the software packages i.e., ADS to calculate s-parameters like gain, directivity etc.,. The design methodology used, simulation and test results, as well as design recommendations are presented.

IJERT-A Compact Hybrid Fractal Antenna using Koch and Minkowski Curves for Wireless Applications

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2021

https://www.ijert.org/a-compact-hybrid-fractal-antenna-using-koch-and-minkowski-curves-for-wireless-applications https://www.ijert.org/research/a-compact-hybrid-fractal-antenna-using-koch-and-minkowski-curves-for-wireless-applications-IJERTV10IS060058.pdf A compacted Hybrid Fractal multiband antenna using Koch and Minkowski Curves proposed in this paper for wireless applications. The Hybrid Fractal techniques is used to miniaturization of antenna. Koch curve improves the impedance bandwidth. Minkowski fractal curve gives its contribution to make antenna multiband. By adding the Circular SRR structure at side of Hybrid fractal patch antenna to improve both gain and bandwidth. It has compact size is 34 mm × 34 mm × 1.6 mm 3. The suggested antenna has been design on FR4 substrate with ɛr =4.4 with 1.6 thickness. The proposed antenna resonates at four frequencies 2.48GHz, 3.16GHz, 4.80GHz, and 5.64GHz. The bandwidth of antenna getting 160MHz, 85MHz,100MHz and 220MHz at 2.48GHz, 3.16GHz,4.80GHz and 5.54GHz respectively. The peak gains of the proposed antenna in these frequency bands vary from 4.0 to 6.5 dBi. All the four band has VSWR less 1.6.

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL FRACTAL ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS

An innovative concept is utilized to develop the fractal antenna by coalesce the Koch prefractal and meander line. This fractal antenna is proposed for multistandard wireless applications. The shape and dimensions of the proposed antenna are chosen to obtain the multiband behaviour as well as miniaturized structure. Initially two different fractal concepts have been chosen through previous research and merged them to obtain more than two resonant frequencies. The proposed design characterizes four bands at resonant frequencies 2.5 GHz, 6.4 GHz, 7.2 GHz and 8.15 GHz with a return loss of-12.05 dB,-16.68 dB,-14.87 dB and-26.51 dB respectively. This design also represents VSWR between the required range of 1 to 2 for the presented resonant frequencies with an appropriate value of gain in dB. The antenna is analysed with Ansoft HFSS-13.0 electromagnetic field solver.

Simulation of Fractal Antenna Properties Composed of Metamaterials

Metamaterials or left-handed materials are man-made structures. They have properties like negative refractive index that is not found in natural materials. Metamaterials that is designed by placing electromagnetic resonators like split ring resonators (SRRs) in a periodic array is among the most popular designs. Split ring resonators when placed next to antennas as a cover, it will improve the gain of the antenna. Split ring resonator when slotted on patches, it causes a size reduction. Microstrip patch antennas have become one of the most popular antennas because they have many advantages such as low-profile, light weight, and low cost of fabrication. Designing of microstrip patches are utilized from fractal geometry. Fractal shapes exhibit antennas more improved in its parameters. In this thesis, six classical and four fractal unit cell metamaterials are designed and their parameters are calculated using retrieval method by HFSSV13 code for electromagnetic structure simulation. Permittivity, permeability, and negative refractive index are calculated. These shapes show left-handed behavior in their resonance frequencies. The study of effect of metamaterial unit cells on antenna parameters lies in two categories, gain enhancement and size reduction. Meta-cover of classical and fractal unit cells is placed above Quadruple Koch, Peano, and Snowflake antennas. Good results of gain enhancement and side lobe reduction are obtained. Enhancement of some models of fractal meta-cover equals 5 dB. Split ring resonator and Hilbert ring are slotted on antenna patch and ground plane of the antenna respectively. Two models are proposed, First iteration of Peano and Snowflake antennas. A good result of size reduction is obtained. The reduction in Peano antenna equals to 41%. Quadruple Koch and Peano antennas are studied experimentally. These models are fabricated and measured using vector network analyzer. Good agreement of measured and calculated results is obtained. In the future work more than two layers will be investigated with different angles relative to the antenna plane.

Design and Simulation of Reconfigurable Fractal Antenna

International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 2021

Now-a-days in modern wireless telecommunication systems, antennas with smaller size, greater efficiency, and wider bandwidths are in great demand. To fulfill these requirements fractal concept in antennas are very popular which provides compactness and can generate multiple frequencies and also enhances its bandwidth. So this paper presents design and simulation of Square shaped fractal antenna using HFSS 15.0 software. This Square shaped fractal antenna is designed for 3 GHz resonant frequency using FR-4 epoxy as substrate. This antenna incorporates a pin diode integrated on its surface to change the current distribution path which changes the resonance frequency depending on the state of the pin diode i.e. on its on and off position thus making it a frequency reconfigurable antenna. Also the simulated results are presented in this paper. I. INTRODUCTION During last few years there is increase in need of antennas in wireless communication systems which is smaller in size, shows multiband characteristics and should be low-cost too. Recently much research has been done on antennas based on fractal geometries because reports have shown that it enhances antenna efficiency, shows multi-band characteristics and also because these antennas are smaller in size. Basically fractal antennas are nothing but a single elementary shape that shows multiple iterations making it a complex shape that possess a self-similarity in their geometrical structure. Various researches have proposed fractal antennas of different shapes such as Sierpinski fractal antenna, tree-shaped fractal antenna, and some other types including snowflake fractal antenna and Koch fractal antenna. Though these antennas reduce the size and cost, but in case of communication system many applications are used that works at different frequency band hence a single fractal antenna cannot be used to serve the purpose of the whole communication system. To resolve this issue researchers have proposed reconfigurable antennas. These antennas resonate at different frequencies at different time by using switches therefore reduces the cost and overall size of the system. In this paper a reconfigurable fractal antenna is designed which has square shape as its elementary shape and shows three iterations thus making it a complex structure patch. To make it reconfigurable a pin diode is used as switch at the feeding line to show multi band behavior.

Design of A Novel Reconfigurable Fractal Antenna for Multi-Band Application

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 2014

With advancement in communication technology over the past decade, there is an increasing demand for miniaturization, cost effective, multiband and wideband antennas. Fractal antenna designs can support in meeting these requirements. Though these antennas provide several advantages but at the same time miniaturization and performance of the fractal antennas can be further enhanced using reconfiguration concept. This paper proposes a novel hybrid reconfigurable fractal antenna that combines the advantage of both the categories. A reconfigurable fractal antenna is designed, simulated and optimized using Ansoft-High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The optimized antenna is fabricated and tested using Vector Network Analyzer. The fabricated antenna results are in good agreement with simulated results. The proposed antenna can be used for satellite communication, medical imaging and microwave imaging application, Vehicular radar applications and wireless industry application.

Octagon And Decagon Shaped Fractal Patch Antennas for S, C and X Band Applications

2019

This paper explores design of fractal micro strip patch antennas. Fractals are not restricted to geometric shapes and designs, but can depict processes in time involving bio and nature-inspired problems. Self-similarity property of fractal is used for multiband and miniaturization. CST microwave studio software is used for simulation of reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), gain and surface current. The simulation output results where the reflection coefficient is less than -10dB, VSWR is less than 2, gain is positive and surface current is symmetrically distributed determine the resonating frequencies for these particular antenna designs. These antennas are designed to have applications in S band,C band and as well as X band with good bandwidth and gain. These frequencies in S band (2-4 GHz) are useful in applications such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, IEEE 802.15 etc. C band (4-6GHz) frequencies are used in downlink of communication satellite, weather radar sy...

A Compact Multiband Hybrid Fractal Antenna for Multistandard Mobile Wireless Applications

Wireless Personal Communications, 2015

This paper presents a compact Multiband hybrid fractal antenna designed for mobile wireless applications it has planar structure and suitable for mobile applications at low cost. The proposed antenna structure is obtained by integrating a Koch curve and Minkowski curve. It exhibits multiband behavior, acceptable values of return loss, VSWR and gain inspite of its compact size and less complexity. The proposed antenna design has been examined up to 2nd iteration of the new fractal geometry. The simulated results exhibited seven bands of operation covering some important frequency bands like GPS (L 1 = 1227.60 MHz), bluetooth (2.41-2.49 GHz) of ISM band, WLAN 802.11 a/b (5.15-5.35 GHz) and other bands covers applications like mobile/fixed satellite and aeronautical navigation (3.876-4.375, 6.6188-7.0045, 7.9698-8.3373 and 9.1648-9.6214 GHz). Proposed antenna is designed by using scripting method of HFSS using MATLAB.