Sediment yield modelling of an agricultural watershed using MUSLE, remote sensing and GIS (original) (raw)
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Environmental Sciences Proceedings
Soil erosion is one of the most critical environmental hazards of recent times. It broadly affects to agricultural land and reservoir sedimentation and its consequences are very harmful. In agricultural land, soil erosion affects the fertility of soil and its composition, crop production, soil quality and land quality, yield and crop quality, infiltration rate and water holding capacity, organic matter and plant nutrient and groundwater regimes. In reservoir sedimentation process the consequences of soil erosion process are reduction of the reservoir capacity, life of reservoir, water supply, power generation etc. Based on these two aspects, an attempt has been made to the present study utilizing Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) has been used in integration with remote sensing and GIS techniques to assess the spatial pattern of annual rate of soil erosion, average annual soil erosion rate and erosion prone areas in the MAN catchment. The RUSLE considers several factors s...
2015
Soil erosion in the upstream river basins, its transport and deposition play a major role in understanding many activities of global significance. In recent activities of man like interfering with nature, like changing of river course by construction of dams, weirs and barrages have affected the sediment yield. At first the watershed is generated in Arc GIs on spatial data of upper Mahanadi basin by using Raijm as controlling station. Spatial data from upstream of Mahanadi catchment are analyzed for computation of sediment yield. The factor responsible for this variation are also analyzed. Universal Soil Loss Equation is used for computation of sediment yield in Raijm gauging station present in Raipur district of Chhattisgarh. Analysis of data indicated that the distribution of rainfall and topographical characteristics are the major factors influencing the variation of sediment flux in upper Mahanadi Basin. Data collected from India Wris are used for computation of observed sedimen...
Environment, Development and Sustainability
A systematic method, incorporating the statistical RUSLE & SDR model, remote sensing and GIS, was used to estimate the annual soil loss and to display spatial distribution of potential erosion risk in Dudhganga watershed. The RUSLE was used in this study in GIS platform based on erosional factors. The spatial and temporal trend of soil erosion in the watershed was obtained by integrating input variables of RUSLE, such as R-factor, K-factor, LS-factor, C-factor and P-factor, into a grid-based GIS method. The estimated rainfall erosivity factor of the watershed ranges from 560.93 to 342.68 MJ mm ha −1 h −1 yr −1 from the year 2000-2020, respectively. The anticipated annual amount of soil loss in the watershed varies in between 6682.37 and 0 t ha −1 yr −1 for the year 2000. Similarly, the values corresponding to annual soil loss increased to 9879.912 t ha −1 yr −1 for the year 2010. Again, in the year 2020 it marked an increase where it recorded the soil loss values of 11,825.98 t ha −1 yr −1 with mean annual soil loss estimates to be 126.89 t ha −1 yr −1 , respectively. The findings of the study revealed that the barren land is the main precarious source exposed to the process of soil erosion and has the upper hand in the rate of soil loss and sediment yield. The results of the study divulged that the most affected part of the watershed is the southwestern side where the majority of the area is occupied by barren land, and consequently, the high soil loss in the upper reaches of the watershed exhibits a close correlation to LS and K factor. It has been found in the study that anthropogenic nuisances like rapid deforestation and reckless unplanned urbanization are the principle drivers responsible for the land change systems in the study region. In the long haul, the outcome of these changes will eventually gear up the soil loss activities in the wetland catchments which in turn will lead to the generation of sediment yield and thereby give rise to sedimentation and siltation of waterbodies and, consequently, will affect their overall water holding capacity.
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), 2019
Sediments play vital role to sustain the life of aquatic environment. Due to sedimentation, many nutrients, contaminated substances are transported, which ultimately reduces land productivity. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) used integrally to find sediment yield and morphological parameters responsible for causing soil erosion. SAGA-GIS (System for Automated Geo-Scientific Analysis-Geographic Information System) software version 6.3.2 utilized for editing spatial data, preparing thematic maps, statistical data analysis, etc. To know the spatial prediction of soil loss and risk potential of erosion, ULSE model (Universal Soil Loss Equation) was used. Watershed: 63 selected for research work which is located in middle sub-basin of Narmada river. It is sited in Narmada district of Gujarat and Nan durbar district of Maharashtra. The Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data employed for preparation of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and to prepare slope maps. The results showed that study area comes under severe soil erosion class i.e. 47.79 Ton/ha/year and high sediment yield achieved as 19.14 tons/year. This is due to existence of moderate to steep slope, moderate land use practices, moderate drainage texture. This study will prove to be helpful in watershed management strategies and to conserve the natural resources according to priorities.
CURRENT SCIENCE, 2010
Erosion is a natural geomorphic process occurring continually over the earth's surface and it largely depends on topography, vegetation, soil and climatic variables and, therefore, exhibits pronounced spatial variability due to catchment heterogeneity and climatic variation. This problem can be circumvented by discretizing the catchment into approximately homogeneous sub-areas using Geographic Information System (GIS). In this study, the remote sensing and GIS techniques (through ERDAS Imagine 8.6 and ArcGIS 9.1 software) were used for derivation of spatial information, catchment discretization, data processing, etc. for the Himalayan Chaukhutia Watershed (India). Various thematic layers for different factors of Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) were generated and overlaid to compute spatially distributed gross soil erosion maps for the watershed using 18-year rainfall data. The concept of transport limited accumulation was formulated and used in ArcGIS for generating the transport capacity maps. Using these maps, the gross soil erosion was routed to the catchment outlet using hydrological drainage paths for the derivation of transport capacity limited sediment outflow maps. These maps depict the amount of sediment rate from a particular grid in spatial domain and the pixel value of the outlet grid indicates the sediment yield at the outlet of the watershed. Upon testing, the proposed method simulated the annual sediment yield with less than ±40% error.
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 2010
The present study aimed at quantification of sediment yield for Ahar River basin of Udaipur district in Rajasthan, India by a regional empirical model using RS and GIS techniques. The land use/ land cover (LULC) map of the study area was prepared by supervised classification using satellite imagery of IRS-P6 LISS III. Overall accuracy of the prepared LULC map was 90.78%. The major portion of the study area (49%) is covered with rangeland. Slope map for the study area was developed using digital elevation model. The slope in most of the study area (40% of the total area) ranges from 1% to 4%. In addition, drainage density map of the study area was generated on micro-watershed basis. The study area is covered by a dendritic pattern of drainage which shows that rocks in the area are homogeneous and uniformly resistant to water flow. The drainage density in the study area is 1.11 km km −2. Annual sediment yield of the study area was quantified by Garde model. The mean annual runoff and sediment yield for the area was 37.58 million m 3 and 8,760 m 3 /year, respectively. Finally, appropriate sites for construction of soil conservation measures are suggested using Boolean logic analysis method on combined slope and drainage maps.
Apple Academic Press eBooks, 2022
Soil erosion can be considered to be one of the most pressing of global environmental problems currently and can be attributed to both natural and human factors. Soil erosion by water is one of the major threats to soils in most of the river basins/catchments including in the river basins/catchments of the northeast region of India. Jiadhal is one such basin in this region that contributes huge sediments to the downstream plains of Assam. Accordingly, an attempt was made to quantify the soil loss from the catchment using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (ULSE). The river Jiadhal originates at an altitude of 1247░m above the mean sea level in West Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh. It flows southward and joins the river Subansiri, which is the largest tributary of Brahmaputra. It has its extent/spread between latitude 27°15' N and 27°45' N, and longitude 94°15' E and 94°40' E. The catchment of the river can be demarcated using Survey of India Toposheets: 83 I/6, 83 I/7, 83 I/8 and 83 I/10. The catchment of Jiadhal drains an area of 437░km 2 considering the outlet at Bordoloni. The soil loss estimation was carried out by individually determining the parameters, viz., rainfall 250 erosivity factor denoted by "R," soil erodibility factor denoted by "K," slope length and steepness factor denoted by "LS," crop management factor denoted by "C" and finally the support practice factor denoted by "P." All these factors were quantified based on ArcGIS10.1 using relevant data sources as well as adopting data preparation methods. As part of this study, DEM and Landsat data were used. Toward estimating the factor "R" daily rainfall data (1990-2014) were used. The value of soil erodibility factor (K) was found to vary between 0.023 and 0.0325. The LS factor for study area varies from 0 to 355.8. The Cfactor was derived from normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), obtained from Landsat images downloaded from USGS earth explorer. The value for this factor (C) is found to lie in the range of 0.10053-2.35642 and the NDVI values of the Jiadhal catchment are 0.765766 and 0.285714. Assuming that no preventive measures are taken, the P-factor was assigned a value equal to 1 throughout the basin area. The soil loss map of Jiadhal basin was also generated and depending on the soil loss intensity, the basin's area has been classified under five categories. It was found that the annual soil loss from the basin ranged from 0 to 4790.45░T/ha/year depending on the area with a mean value of 10.359░T/ha/year. Sediment yield estimate at the outlet (Kumotiya river near Samorajan) was found to be about 21.179░T/ha/year. Finally, toward planning and implementing various conservation and management practices, the subbasins (4) have been prioritized based on the soil loss rates from them.
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2018
Sedimentationreduces the capacity of the reservoir and it is the important concern for watershed management. This paper presentsthe computation of sediment yield of Agrani River basin of Sangli and Belgavi districts in Maharashtra and Karnataka, India using RS and GIS techniques. The land use/land cover (LULC) map of the study area was prepared by supervised classification using satellite imagery of IRS P6 LISS III and ERDAS-imagine v9.1 image processing software. 26.67% of the area is occupied by agricultural land, 20.37% area covers forest land, 27.06% area of fallow land. Meteorological parameters such as average annual rainfall and mean annual temperature are then used to calculate amount of sediment yield in the reservoir. Garde model was used for determination of annual sediment yield. Mean annual runoff and sediment yield for investigating area is19.30 million m 3 and 0.0897 million m 3 /year, respectively. With very fine drainage texture, drainage density in the study area is 1.88 km/km 2 .
Sediment Yield Problems in Khassa Chai Watershed Using Hydrologic Models
Cihan University-Erbil scientific journal, 2019
Upland erosion and sedimentation are one of the severe problems which faces dams as sediments occupy spaces within reservoirs storage, hence, decreasing live water storage which is the main purpose of dam's construction. Iraq is one of the countries that will face a significant shortage of water income as a result of both the increment in water demand and of the reduction of water shares from the source countries. Thus, the existing dams in Iraq represent a strategic resource to fulfill water demands, and the sedimentation at these dams is studied to assess the quantity of sediments that reach to these reservoirs and decrease available water volume and useful life of reservoir. In the current study, Khassa Chai Dam is located in the Northeast of Iraq and its main watershed basin covers an area of about 412 km 2 between Kirkuk and Al Sulaymaniyah Governorates has been selected to estimate and predict the amount of sediment yield based on 30 years of daily climate data and the events of different intensity rainstorms. Automated geospatial watershed assessment (AGWA) tool model has been used to simulate Khassa Chai Dam catchment area. This model utilizes the geographic information system (GIS) application to analyze the required data from GIS layer for digital elevation model, soil type, land use, and land cover by interference with the required climate data. The key components of AGWA model are the soil and water assessment tool model and kinematic runoff and erosion (KINEROS) model which are able to simulate complex watershed behavior to explicitly account for spatial variability of soils, rainfall distribution patterns, and vegetation. The hydrologic characteristics for Khassa Chai catchment area according to the SWAT outputs show that the most erosive sub-basins are not able to deliver the eroded material or sediments to the reservoir due to their transmission losses, percolation, and other minor obstacles. KINEROS model simulation for sediment yield is much closer to the behavior of Khassa Chai watershed in erosion and sediment transport according to the single storm events and for individually selected sub-watersheds which are closed in their location to reservoir inlet.