Effects of multiple implantations of titanium healing abutments: Surface characteristics and microbial colonization (original) (raw)
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European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2011
Background: Supra-and subgingival biofilm formation is considered to be mainly responsible for early implant failure caused by inflammations of periimplant tissues. Nevertheless, little is known about the complex microbial diversity and interindividual similarities around dental implants. Objectives: An atraumatic assessment of the diversity of microbial communities around titanium implants by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the 16S rRNA gene amplicons and subsequent sequence analysis. Methods: Samples of adherent supra-and subgingival peri-implant biofilms were collected from ten patients. Additionally, samples of sulcusfluid were taken at titanium implant abutments and remaining teeth. The bacteria in the samples were characterized by SSCP and sequence analysis. Results: A high diversity of bacteria varying between patients and within one patient with location was found. Bacteria characteristic for sulcusfluid and supra-and subgingival biofilm communities were identified. Sulcusfluid of the abutments showed higher abundance of Streptococcus species than from residual teeth. Prevotella and Rothia species frequently reported from the oral cavity were not detected at the abutments suggesting a role as late colonizers. Conclusion: Different niches in the human mouth are characterized by specific groups of bacteria. Implant abutments are a very valuable approach to study dental biofilm development in vivo.
Clinical Oral Implants Research, 1998
A lack of information exists about the influence of different implant abutment materials on bacterial colonization and its role in the development of perimplantar infections. In order to study these aspects, removable acrylic devices, harboring samples of titanium and novel ceramic abutments (Nobel Biocare) were adapted to the molar-premolar region in 2 mandibular quadrants of 4 volunteers. Samples of each material were collected at 6 and 24 h, 7 and 14 days. Samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy and bacterial counts were made by means of ATP detection and direct plate count. The electron micrographs demonstrated that the bacteria colonization was already present after 6 h of presence in the oral cavity. After 24 h, both the materials were covered by several layers of bacterial cells. No differences in microbial colonization were observed between titanium and ceramic samples. The microbiological analysis confirmed the presence of relevant amounts of microbial cells on the tested samples. The maximum of colonization was achieved after 24 h in the oral cavity and the bacterial counts remained constant over the 14 day period. No significant differences were observed between the two materials analyzed in this study. In addition, ATP-bioluminescence technology was demonstrated to be a suitable system to evaluate bacterial colonization in the oral cavity.
Materials
The long-term success of dental implant rehabilitation depends significantly on proper peri-implant soft tissue integration. Therefore, decontamination of abutments prior to their connection to the implant is beneficial to enhance soft tissue attachment and to aid in maintaining marginal bone around the implant. Consequently, different implant abutment decontamination protocols were evaluated regarding biocompatibility, surface morphology, and bacterial load. The protocols evaluated were autoclave sterilization, ultrasonic washing, steam cleaning, chlorhexidine chemical decontamination, and sodium hypochlorite chemical decontamination. The control groups included: (1) implant abutments prepared and polished in a dental lab without decontamination and (2) unprepared implant abutments obtained directly from the company. Surface analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Biocompatibility was evaluated using XTT cell viability and proliferation assays. Biofilm biom...
Applied Sciences
Dental implants are crucial therapeutic devices for successful substitution of missing teeth. Failure cases are mainly pathogen-associated events, allowing clinical progression toward peri-mucositis or peri-implantitis. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of two mechanical decontamination systems, Nickel-Titanium brush (Brush) and Air-Polishing system with 40 µm bicarbonate powder (BIC-40), by means of a novel bioluminescence-based model that measures microbial load in real time. Briefly, 30 disks were contaminated using the bioluminescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (BLI-P. aeruginosa), treated with Brush (30 s rounds, for 90 s) or BIC-40 (30 s, at 5 mm distance) procedure, and then assessed for microbial load, particularly, biofilm removal and re-growth. Our results showed that Brush and BIC-40 treatment reduced microbial load of about 1 and more than 3 logs, respectively. Furthermore, microbial re-growth onto Brush-treated disks rapidly occurred, while BIC-40-t...
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2007
Bacterial colonisation of exposed implant and abutment surfaces can lead to peri-implantitis, a common cause of oral implant failure. When an abutment becomes exposed in the oral environment the typical recommendation is to debride it, to obtain a smoother surface which might be expected to reduce bacterial colonisation. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, a conventional polishing protocol (PP1) and a simplified polishing protocol (PP2), suggested to have advantages over PP1. The surface morphology and roughness of titanium abutments were characterised at each stage of polishing, and adhesion of oral bacteria was evaluated, using atomic force microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy and optical profilometry. PP1 and PP2 methodologies resulted in indistinguishable surface finishes, with fewer scratches than the unmodified surface, and equal roughness values. PP2 resulted in less disruption and less removal of surface material. Early biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans was reduced on surfaces polished using PP2, but not PP1. Biofilms of Actinomyces naeslundii were more extensive on polished abutment surfaces. Simplified protocol PP2 may be preferable to conventional protocol PP1, since less material is removed, and there is less chance of rough areas remaining. Polishing, however, does not necessarily reduce oral bacterial colonisation.
Frontiers of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine
Background and Objective: Development of methods to decrease bacterial contamination on oral penetrating devices has been increasing but has not born predictable results. The need for antimicrobial coatings for devices placed inside of the body, particularly penetrating devices that emerge inside the oral cavity is of profound interests to dentistry. Titanium dental implant surfaces, including the abutment-implant junction are associated with a relatively high incidence of chronic infection termed peri-implant disease. In fact, peri-implant disease is the most frequent complication of dental implant treatment. Therefore, a narrative review of the need for technological development to prevent or curtail peri-implant disease is presented. Methods: A review of current English language literature published between 2011 and December 1 st , 2021 was done in PubMed using the MeSH subject of anti-bacterial treatment of titanium dental implants. The Search librarian conducted the search at the American Dental Association Library in Chicago, Illinois. A further criterion was searched for sustained in vivo anti-microbial activity. There were no stringent selection criteria, such as removing fluoride treatment from the search, due to the limitation of articles in this nascent field.
DENTAL IMPLANT INFECTIONS AND DECONTAMINATION
There are no controls legislated over the operating environment in dental clinics. Despite this and the contaminated oral surgical field through which they are placed, success rates are reported as being as high as 90-95 %.Despite the high success rate of implant dentistry in recent years, implant failures due to peri-implant diseases do exist Implant surfaces have significant role in osseointegration potential of the implant. The ability of bacteria to adhere titanium implant surfaces has been confirmed in various studies. Elimination of bacteria from the implant surface is necessary in order to terminate the source of infection and disrupt the formation of bio-film. Biomaterial therapies using fibers, gels, and beads to deliver antibiotics have been used in the treatment of Peri-implantitis Future strategies include the development of surfaces that become antibacterial in response to infection and improvements in the permucosal seal. Research is still needed to identify strategies to prevent bacterial attachment and enhance normal cell/tissue attachment to implant surfaces .There is also possibility of development of recombinant protein using r-DNA technology and using the application of tissue engineering in development of coating of biomaterials using for dental implants. In the present study general microbial status of healthy implants, infectected implants ,along with normal microflora present in the mouth have been covered as per the reports of different methods of isolation used , the mechanisms of attachment of microbes through biofilm formation and how to minimize the forces of adhesion to the surface of dental implant material has been covered to enable the exploring the alternative approach of biomedical engineering with respect to the understanding of characteristics of microbiota (morphology and biochemical aspects) and compatibility surface characteristics of biomaterials with respect to the ossointegration and biofilm formation.
Clinical Oral Implants Research, 2014
Objective: To evaluate the bacterial microflora present inside the implant connection and in the peri-implant sulcus fluid of healthy implants, and to analyze the relationships between these harboring sites for four different implant systems after at least 5 years of functional loading. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed involving 40 patients treated with metal-ceramic cemented bridges supported by at least two healthy implants functionally loaded for 5 years. Four different implant-abutment connections were studied: external hexagon (control group), double internal hexagon (test group 1), internal hexagon with external collar (test group 2), and conical connection (test group 3). Samples for microbiological analysis were obtained from three types of sites: peri-implant sulci, connections' inside and abutments surface and, as control, gingival sulci of neighboring teeth. Quantitative real-time PCR was carried out for Total Bacterial Count and for 10 microorganisms: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Peptostreptococcus micros, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, and Candida albicans. The response variables were percentage of positive sites and absolute bacterial load. The relations of the response variables with the type of connection and of sampling site were assessed using generalized estimating equations. Results: Regarding the analysis of positivity to bacteria in the peri-implant sulcus no significant differences were observed. Analyzing the connection's inside, none of the connection designs had the capacity to prevent microbiological leakage through the implant/abutment microgap. Test group 3 presented the lowest mean values for red complex bacteria and control group the highest, although differences were non-significant. Statistical significance was only reached for Treponema denticola in the bacterial load analysis inside the connection. Test groups 1 and 2 yielded lower values for orange complex bacteria but only for Peptostreptococos micros the differences resulted significant. Test groups 2 and 3 had significantly lower total bacterial counts in the peri-implant sulcus and inside the connection. Conclusions: Outcomes suggested that all the analyzed connections resulted contaminated after 5 years of functional loading. However, the connection design might influence bacterial activity levels qualitatively and quantitatively, especially inside the implant connection.