Syndicate Marriage or Trafficking? The Travails of Asian Migrant Women (original) (raw)
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The Linkage Between Human Trafficking and Migration: Identification of Victims
Banber Erevani hamalsarani. Iravagitut'yun, 2023
Trafficking in human beings, as a modern form of slavery, severely violates people's fundamental rights and dignity. The victims of human trafficking are being subjected to exploitation as a result of violence or the threat of it, fraud, or lack of awareness of their rights. Migrants are especially vulnerable to trafficking, and among them are especially those with certain socioeconomic issues or in need of international protection. Considering the socioeconomic , humanitarian, and documentation problems of the aforementioned group and the probability of illegal movements and presence in the territory of certain countries, they are more vulnerable to trafficking. The current article seeks to analyze the correlation between migration and the phenomenon of human trafficking, as well as analyze the minimum necessary steps that the state authorities, particularly, those operating in the field of migration need to implement. Those activities should be aimed at ensuring effective combat against the trafficking in human beings by detecting and referring the relevant cases in the frame of migration to the competent authorities. Key words: human trafficking and exploitation, victim of human trafficking, identification of victims of human trafficking, asylum seeker, refugee, international protection, migrant, migration and human trafficking, asylum and human trafficking, GRETA
Migration, prostitution and trafficking in women: An overview
German Law Journal, 2004
Migration linked to trafficking in women and prostitution is one of the darkest features of the lack of equality between women and men. This form of migration has developed into a gigantic, highly organized criminal trade linked to the exploitation of women. The main reasons for female emigration are poverty, discrimination against women, unemployment, under-education, lack of resources, and political and economic instability. Some women are also motivated to leave their country in order to have the opportunity to work abroad and see something of the world. Another reason is that the situation of prostitutes in other countries is sometimes even worse in the countries of origin than in the receiving countries due to their illegal status. 1
The UN definition of human trafficking (hereinafter also referred to as trafficking or trafficking in persons) needs to be updated to keep abreast of policy, program and related changes that have transpired over the past dozen years or so. A revised (contemporary) definition of trafficking, that includes the fundamental role of migration and two processestraditional and new -has implications primarily for policy and practice; but also, nonetheless, for research, theory and study as well.
Over the past few years, Lao PDR has been facing a strong seasonal and illegal migration movement to Thailand, attracting a rising number of female migrants. In the near future, due to its unique geographical situation at the crossroads of the GMS, Lao PDR will likely to tackle an explosion of labor migration flows resulting from the ongoing regionalization processes, generating demand for sexual and labor exploitation as well. Yet, there exists some significant gaps in the available information about the nature and extent of the link/overlap between migration and trafficking. Can patterns be identified to distinguish trafficking from illegal migration? If so, are these patterns linked to vulnerability factors, to awareness levels, to routes taken, to connections? Finding answers to such questions calls for an innovative investigation that can inform us on how migration turns into trafficking and, more generally, on how trafficking operates, thus allowing GMS policy makers to govern migration for both national development and regional integration. We hypothesize that an identifiable distinction exists between illegal migration and trafficking and that certain individuals or groups of people are more vulnerable to exploitation than others. Through an Action Research carried out with AFESIP, an international NGO, based on a narrative analysis of life story material from residents of its Rehabilitation Centre, this paper intends to open the way to new approaches to migration discourse, building evidence base for debates, policies and interventions in the Mekong region.
In Nepal, there are very few empirical researches conducted on 'issues of overseas migration, especially focusing on women'. One of the serious hurdles reported by few researches is the unavailability of statistical information on such workers, and this problem is really frustrating with regard to 'women migrant workers'. While press reports, seminar papers and available studies invariably agree to 'increasing feminization of overseas migration for works', the empirical data to support the fact are largely lacking. Obviously, available studies mostly conclude 'conjectures' but not on the 'established facts'. The present study has reviewed the latest researches carried out by national and international institutions. Another fact to highlight is that 'overwhelming majority of available studies has dealt with the issue of 'migration of women for works with reference to the problem of trafficking'. Hence, the number of studies that have independently taken up the 'situation of migrant workers' with focus on women is undoubtedly negligible. Based on these facts, one can conclude that like 'trafficking is stereotypically connected with prostitution; the issue of women's migration overseas adopts the similar stereotypical approach and essentially associated with trafficking by researchers'. This attitude or trend indirectly stigmatize the 'overseas migration of women', and consequently indirectly justifies the 'protectionism' in the government's policies concerning overseas migration of women. This article makes some reflection on the problem being based on few studies.